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Glass Transition on Cooling and Aging for Structural Glasses

Glass Transition on Cooling and Aging for Structural Glasses
Author: Hiroshi Kobayashi
Publisher: Eliva Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-01-12
Genre:
ISBN: 9789994985494

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Glass is out of equilibrium and reduces into an equilibrium solid. This whole process is a thermodynamical phase transition, while the so-called glass transition is an observable transition with no changes in structure. We describe that the glass transition is a purely kinetic phenomenon due to strong fluctuations in molecular configurations in supercooled liquid. Intermediate-range orders (IROs) have important roles on the glass transition process which is explained by the embryo and freezing of IROs. We conclude that the glass transition is an emergence of a new system of glass in a nonequilibrium state and a glass is a nanomaterial which is composed of a periodic nano-structure of IROs. The mean field theory introduced the random first order transition (RFOT) as the ideal glass transition which prevents the Kauzmann paradox. Recently, an ideal glass was realized using silicate glass during long aging below the Kauzmann temperature. An ideal glass is a nanomaterial which is composed of a periodic nano-structure of intermediate-range orders in an amorphous phase. The results identified the (spontaneous) dissipative structure as an equilibrium state of an ideal glass. An ideal glass is a temporal steady state toward the ground state of materials, which is a polycrystal.


Ageing and the Glass Transition

Ageing and the Glass Transition
Author: Malte Henkel
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 361
Release: 2007-04-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540696849

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Understanding cooperative phenomena far from equilibrium is one of the fascinating challenges of present-day many-body physics. Glassy behaviour and the physical ageing process of such materials are paradigmatic examples. The present volume, primarily intended as introduction and reference, collects six extensive lectures addressing selected experimental and theoretical issues in the field of glassy systems.


Fast Scanning Calorimetry

Fast Scanning Calorimetry
Author: Christoph Schick
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 796
Release: 2016-06-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319313290

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In the past decades, the scan rate range of calorimeters has been extended tremendously at the high end, from approximately 10 up to 10 000 000 °C/s and more. The combination of various calorimeters and the newly-developed Fast Scanning Calorimeters (FSC) now span 11 orders of magnitude, by which many processes can be mimicked according to the time scale(s) of chemical and physical transitions occurring during cooling, heating and isothermal stays in case heat is exchanged. This not only opens new areas of research on polymers, metals, pharmaceuticals and all kinds of substances with respect to glass transition, crystallization and melting phenomena, it also enables in-depth study of metastability and reorganization of samples on an 1 to 1000 ng scale. In addition, FSC will become a crucial tool for understanding and optimization of processing methods at high speeds like injection molding. The book resembles the state-of-the art in Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry and is an excellent starting point for both experts and newcomers in the field.


Polymer Glasses

Polymer Glasses
Author: Connie B. Roth
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 587
Release: 2016-12-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1315305135

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"the present book will be of great value for both newcomers to the field and mature active researchers by serving as a coherent and timely introduction to some of the modern approaches, ideas, results, emerging understanding, and many open questions in this fascinating field of polymer glasses, supercooled liquids, and thin films" –Kenneth S. Schweizer, Morris Professor of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (from the Foreword) This book provides a timely and comprehensive overview of molecular level insights into polymer glasses in confined geometries and under deformation. Polymer glasses have become ubiquitous to our daily life, from the polycarbonate eyeglass lenses on the end of our nose to large acrylic glass panes holding water in aquarium tanks, with advantages over glass in that they are lightweight and easy to manufacture, while remaining transparent and rigid. The contents include an introduction to the field, as well as state of the art investigations. Chapters delve into studies of commonalities across different types of glass formers (polymers, small molecules, colloids, and granular materials), which have enabled microscopic and molecular level frameworks to be developed. The authors show how glass formers are modeled across different systems, thereby leading to treatments for polymer glasses with first-principle based approaches and molecular level detail. Readers across disciplines will benefit from this topical overview summarizing the key areas of polymer glasses, alongside an introduction to the main principles and approaches.


Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses

Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses
Author: Arun K. Varshneya
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 753
Release: 2019-05-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128162260

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Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, Third Edition, is a comprehensive reference on the field of glass science and engineering that covers numerous, significant advances. This new edition includes the most recent advances in glass physics and chemistry, also discussing groundbreaking applications of glassy materials. It is suitable for upper level glass science courses and professional glass scientists and engineers at industrial and government labs. Fundamental concepts, chapter-ending problem sets, an emphasis on key ideas, and timely notes on suggested readings are all included. The book provides the breadth required of a comprehensive reference, offering coverage of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses. Clearly develops fundamental concepts and the basics of glass science and glass chemistry Provides a comprehensive discussion of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses Features a discussion of the emerging applications of glass, including applications in energy, environment, pharmaceuticals, and more Concludes chapters with problem sets and suggested readings to facilitate self-study


The Vitreous State

The Vitreous State
Author: Ivan S. Gutzow
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 483
Release: 2013-11-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3662031876

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The present book is devoted to problems of a physically important state of condensed matter - the vitreous state. We tried to summarize here the experimental evidence and the different theoretical approaches - structural, thermodynamic and those of statistical physics - connected with the formation, the kinetic stability and with the general nature of glasses as a particular physical state. In addition, a summary is given on the information available concerning proces ses of nucleation and crystallization of glass-forming systems, on methods of preventing or, in contrast, catalyzing crystallization in vitrifying liquids, on the kinetics of nucleation, the modes of crystal growth in undercooled melts and the devitrification of glasses. It was our aim to summarize in the present volume the basic principles and the most significant developments of a newly emerging science - glass science - and to show that, at least, in principle, any substance can exist in the vitreous state. Moreover, we have tried to demonstrate that the characteristic properties of the vitreous state may be attributed under certain conditions not only to systems with an amorphous structure (like the common glasses) but also to a number of other states of condensed matter including the crystalline one.


Glasses and the Glass Transition

Glasses and the Glass Transition
Author: Ivan S. Gutzow
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 360
Release: 2011-04-27
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3527636544

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Written by renowned researchers in the field, this up-to-date treatise fills the gap for a high-level work discussing current materials and processes. It covers all the steps involved, from vitrification, relaxation and viscosity, right up to the prediction of glass properties, paving the way for improved methods and applications. For solid state physicists and chemists, materials scientists, and those working in the ceramics industry. With a preface by L. David Pye and a foreword by Edgar D. Zanotto


Glassy Materials and Disordered Solids

Glassy Materials and Disordered Solids
Author: Kurt Binder
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 562
Release: 2011
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9814350176

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This book gives a pedagogical introduction to the physics of amorphous solids and related disordered condensed matter systems. Important concepts from statistical mechanics such as percolation, random walks, fractals and spin glasses are explained. Using these concepts, the common aspects of these systems are emphasized, and the current understanding of the glass transition and the structure of glasses are concisely reviewed. This second edition includes new material on emerging topics in the field of disordered systems such as gels, driven systems, dynamical heterogeneities, growing length scales etc. as well as an update of the literature in this rapidly developing field.


Polymer Glasses

Polymer Glasses
Author: Connie B. Roth
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 573
Release: 2016-12-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1315305143

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"the present book will be of great value for both newcomers to the field and mature active researchers by serving as a coherent and timely introduction to some of the modern approaches, ideas, results, emerging understanding, and many open questions in this fascinating field of polymer glasses, supercooled liquids, and thin films" –Kenneth S. Schweizer, Morris Professor of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (from the Foreword) This book provides a timely and comprehensive overview of molecular level insights into polymer glasses in confined geometries and under deformation. Polymer glasses have become ubiquitous to our daily life, from the polycarbonate eyeglass lenses on the end of our nose to large acrylic glass panes holding water in aquarium tanks, with advantages over glass in that they are lightweight and easy to manufacture, while remaining transparent and rigid. The contents include an introduction to the field, as well as state of the art investigations. Chapters delve into studies of commonalities across different types of glass formers (polymers, small molecules, colloids, and granular materials), which have enabled microscopic and molecular level frameworks to be developed. The authors show how glass formers are modeled across different systems, thereby leading to treatments for polymer glasses with first-principle based approaches and molecular level detail. Readers across disciplines will benefit from this topical overview summarizing the key areas of polymer glasses, alongside an introduction to the main principles and approaches.


The Glass Transition

The Glass Transition
Author: E. Donth
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 433
Release: 2013-04-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3662043653

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Describes and interrelates the following processes: cooperative alpha processes in a cold liquid, structural relaxation in the glass near Tg, the Johari-Goldstein beta process, the Williams-Götze process in a warm liquid, fast nonactivated cage rattling and boson peak, and ultraslow Fischer modes.