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Author | : Noortje Jacobs |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 305 |
Release | : 2022-08-26 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0226819329 |
Download Ethics by Committee Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Ethics boards have become obligatory passage points in today's medical science, and we forget how novel they really are. The use of humans in experiments is an age-old practice that records show goes back to at least the third century BC and, since the early modern period, as a practice it has become increasingly popular. Yet, in most countries around the world, hardly any formal checks and balances existed to govern the communal oversight of experiments involving human subjects until at least the 1960s. Ethics by Committee traces the rise of ethics boards for human experimentation in the second half of the twentieth century. Using the Netherlands as a case-study, Noortje Jacobs shows how the authority of physicians to make decisions about clinical research gave way in most developed nations to formal mechanisms of communal decision-making that served to regiment the behavior of individual researchers. This historically unprecedented change in scientific governance came out of a growing international wariness of medical research in the decades after World War II. Research ethics committees were originally intended not only to make human experimentation more ethical but also to raise its epistemic quality. By examining complex negotiations over the appropriate governance of human subjects research, Ethics by Committee advances our understanding not only of the history of research ethics and the randomized controlled trial but also, more broadly, of how liberal democracies in the late twentieth century have sought to resolve public concerns over charged issues in medicine and science"--
Author | : Paul Atkinson |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 209 |
Release | : 2006-12-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1134161182 |
Download New Genetics, New Identities Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Genetic advocacy groups, science, and biovalue : creating political economies of hope / Carlos Novas -- Patients as public in ethics debates--interpreting the role of patient organizations in democracy / Annemiek Nelis, Gerard de Vries, and Rob Hagendijk -- From "scraps and fragments" to "whole organisms" : molecular biology, clinical research, and post genomic bodies / Susan E. Kelly -- Fashioning flesh : inclusion, exclusivity, and the potential of genomics / Fiona O'Neill -- Mapping origins : race and relatedness in population genetics and genetic genealogy / Catherine Nash
Author | : F.W. Jozef Keulartz |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 272 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 9401003017 |
Download Pragmatist Ethics for a Technological Culture Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Our technological culture has an extremely dynamic character: old ways of reproducing ourselves, managing nature and keeping animals are continually replaced by new ones; norms and values with respect to our bodies, food production, health care and environmental protection are regularly being put up for discussion. This constantly confronts us with new moral problems and dilemmas. In discussion with other approaches this book argues that pragmatism, with its strong emphasis on the interaction between technology and values, gives us both procedural help and stresses the importance of living and cooperating together in tackling these problems and dilemmas. The issues in this book include the interaction of technology and ethics, the status of pragmatism, the concept of practice, and discourse ethics and deliberative democracy. It has an interactive design, with original contributions alternating with critical comments. The book is of interest for students, scholars and policymakers in the fields of bioethics, animal ethics, environmental ethics, pragmatist philosophy and science and technology studies.
Author | : I. van der Ploeg |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 177 |
Release | : 2013-04-17 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 9401598479 |
Download Prosthetic Bodies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Among the vast literature on contemporary reproductive technologies, Prosthetic Bodies stands out in its effective combination of insights, methods, and theories from the history of medicine, constructivist science and technology studies, and feminist theory. The double focus on IVF and related techniques, and fetal treatment and surgery, enables the identification of debatable tendencies within today's reproductive medicine: the translation of ever more medical problems basically unrelated to women's own reproductive health - and, in the case of fetal diagnosis and treatment, sometimes formerly even unrelated to reproduction as such - into medical indications for invasive, often highly experimental interventions in women's bodies. The analyses show how, through the operations and workings of reproductive technologies themselves, as well as a variety of discursive mechanisms within scientific language, today's recasting of men's fertility problems and children's congenital anomalies as women's reproductive problems comes to appear inevitable. The book challenges the ability of traditional forms of medical ethics and law to adequately identify this incremental process. The careful analyses and arguments in Prosthetic Bodies will be relevant to students of science and technology, gender studies, philosophy, medical ethics, and law, and others interested in the cultural, ethical, and political ramifications of contemporary reproductive technologies.
Author | : Richard N. Kocsis |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 313 |
Release | : 2008-01-08 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1603270493 |
Download Serial Murder and the Psychology of Violent Crimes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book brings together an international collection of research literature on the topics of criminal profiling and serial violent crime by integrating the respected insights of both scholars and practitioners from around the globe. It explains etiological factors and psychological mechanisms to reveal criminal motives.
Author | : Marc Berg |
Publisher | : MIT Press |
Total Pages | : 268 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 9780262024174 |
Download Rationalizing Medical Work Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Advocates argue that they will make medical practice more rational, more uniform, and more efficient and that they will transform the "art" of medical work into a "science." Critics argue that formal tools cannot and should not supplant humans in most real-life tasks.
Author | : Peter-Paul Verbeek |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 195 |
Release | : 2011-12-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0226852903 |
Download Moralizing Technology Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Technology permeates nearly every aspect of our daily lives. Cars enable us to travel long distances, mobile phones help us to communicate, and medical devices make it possible to detect and cure diseases. But these aids to existence are not simply neutral instruments: they give shape to what we do and how we experience the world. And because technology plays such an active role in shaping our daily actions and decisions, it is crucial, Peter-Paul Verbeek argues, that we consider the moral dimension of technology. Moralizing Technology offers exactly that: an in-depth study of the ethical dilemmas and moral issues surrounding the interaction of humans and technology. Drawing from Heidegger and Foucault, as well as from philosophers of technology such as Don Ihde and Bruno Latour, Peter-Paul Verbeek locates morality not just in the human users of technology but in the interaction between us and our machines. Verbeek cites concrete examples, including some from his own life, and compellingly argues for the morality of things. Rich and multifaceted, and sure to be controversial, Moralizing Technology will force us all to consider the virtue of new inventions and to rethink the rightness of the products we use every day.
Author | : Floris J. Bex |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 297 |
Release | : 2011-02-15 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 9400701403 |
Download Arguments, Stories and Criminal Evidence Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this book a theory of reasoning with evidence in the context of criminal cases is developed. The main subject of this study is not the law of evidence but rather the rational process of proof, which involves constructing, testing and justifying scenarios about what happened using evidence and commonsense knowledge. A central theme in the book is the analysis of ones reasoning, so that complex patterns are made more explicit and clear. This analysis uses stories about what happened and arguments to anchor these stories in evidence. Thus the argumentative and the narrative approaches from the research in legal philosophy and legal psychology are combined. Because the book describes its subjects in both an informal and a formal style, it is relevant for scholars in legal philosophy, AI, logic and argumentation theory. The book can also appeal to practitioners in the investigative and legal professions, who are interested in the ways in which they can and should reason with evidence.
Author | : Guy Widdershoven |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 265 |
Release | : 2008-02-14 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 0199297363 |
Download Empirical Ethics in Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Psychiatry presents a unique array of difficult ethical questions. A major challenge is to approach psychiatry in a way that does justice to the real ethical issues. This book show how ethics can engage more closely with the reality of psychiatric practice and how empirical methodologies from the social sciences can help foster this link.
Author | : C. Ronald Huff |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 434 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 0415539935 |
Download Wrongful Convictions and Miscarriages of Justice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume brings together the world-class scholarship of 23 widely acclaimed and influential contributing authors from North America and Europe. The latest research is presented in 18 chapters focusing on the frequency, causes, and consequences of wrongful convictions and other miscarriages of justice and offering recommendations for both legal and public policy reforms that can help reduce the causes of these errors while protecting public safety as well.