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Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial and Sport Harvest of Chinook Salmon in Westward Region, 2014-2016

Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial and Sport Harvest of Chinook Salmon in Westward Region, 2014-2016
Author: Kyle Shedd
Publisher:
Total Pages: 169
Release: 2016
Genre: Chinook salmon
ISBN:
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The primary goal of this study was to estimate the stock of origin, age, size, and sex composition of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, harvested in Westward Region commercial and Kodiak area sport fisheries during 2014--2016 as part of the larger statewide Chinook Salmon Research Initiative. Chinook salmon commercial and sport harvest in the Kodiak area were sampled from 2014 to 2016; however, budgetary constraints limited sampling of North Peninsula, South Peninsula, and Chignik commercial harvest to 2014. A total of 10,154 Chinook salmon tissue samples were collected from 4 commercial fishery areas and sport fisheries in the Kodiak area. Of these, 8,829 samples were genotyped to represent 25 spatiotemporal strata. Stock compositions were estimated with genetic mixed stock analysis for all strata using a comprehensive, coastwide Chinook salmon baseline with important local stocks defined as separate reporting groups, to the extent possible. Harvests in both the commercial and marine sport fisheries were dominated by British Columbia and West Coast U.S. stocks, followed by smaller contributions from Southeast Alaska/Northeast Gulf of Alaska, Cook Inlet, and Kodiak. Stock composition estimates were consistent among strata within commercial and marine sport harvests, although there were differences between these fisheries. In the annual commercial harvest, over 50% of the fish were from British Columbia and over 30% of the fish were from the West Coast U.S. In the marine sport fishery, the relative abundance of British Columbia and West Coast U.S. fish varied, but jointly represented over 80% of annual harvest. In both the commercial and sport fisheries, the annual harvest of Kodiak-origin Chinook salmon was below 5% of the total harvest. These results provide the most comprehensive estimates of stock composition and stock-specific harvests of Chinook salmon in the Kodiak area, supplement previous studies, and should inform fishery management and regulatory decision makers.

Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial Harvest of Chinook Salmon in Copper River District, 2013-2017

Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial Harvest of Chinook Salmon in Copper River District, 2013-2017
Author: Sara Ellen Gilk
Publisher:
Total Pages: 50
Release: 2017
Genre: Chinook salmon
ISBN:
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Chinook salmon are harvested in subsistence, commercial, sport, and personal use fisheries throughout the Copper River drainage and in nearshore marine waters. This project was designed to estimate the stock-specific harvest of Chinook salmon in the Copper River District commercial drift gillnet fishery using genetics samples from 2013 through 2017. The Chinook Salmon Research Initiative identified the Copper River as 1 of 12 indicator stocks representing the diverse life history and migratory characteristics of Alaska Chinook salmon. Adult abundance information was identified as a fundamental knowledge gap, including the absence of programs to estimate stock-specific harvest in mixed stock commercial fisheries. This project applied the available baseline of genetic information representing Chinook salmon populations from within the Copper River drainage, around the Gulf of Alaska, and from southern populations to estimate the relative stock compositions of Chinook salmon harvests in the Copper River District commercial fishery. The results show that most of the fish in the Copper River commercial fishery originated from Copper River populations, which is consistent with findings from previous studies. A consistent temporal pattern in the composition of the commercial fishery harvests was observed across the 5-year study. As the season progressed, the proportion of Upper Copper River Chinook salmon decreased, and the proportion of Lower Copper River Chinook salmon increased. The unusually high proportions of nonlocal Chinook salmon in the commercial harvest occurring during 2 of the study years (2014 and 2015) align with other reports of large numbers of out-of-area Chinook salmon in commercial fisheries throughout the southern and southeastern seaboards of Alaska. The results support the historical commercial management approach of providing inriver passage for all temporal components of the run. Genetic data allow for estimating the stock-specific harvests of wild stocks or stocks (with and without coded wire tags) from other areas.

Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial Harvest of Chinook Salmon in Copper River District, 2018-2021

Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial Harvest of Chinook Salmon in Copper River District, 2018-2021
Author: Andrew W. Barclay
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre: Chinook salmon
ISBN:
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Chinook salmon are harvested in subsistence, commercial, sport, and personal use fisheries throughout the Copper River drainage and in nearshore marine waters. This project was designed to estimate the stock-specific harvest of Chinook salmon in the Copper River District commercial drift gillnet fishery using genetics samples from 2018 through 2021. This project applied the available baseline of genetic information representing Chinook salmon populations from within the Copper River drainage, around the Gulf of Alaska, and from southern populations to estimate the relative stock compositions of Chinook salmon harvests in the Copper River District commercial fishery. The results show that most of the fish in the Copper River commercial fishery originated from Copper River populations, which is consistent with findings from previous studies. The consistent temporal pattern in the composition of the commercial fishery harvests observed in previous studies was also observed across the 4 years of this study. As the season progressed, the proportion of Upper Copper River Chinook salmon decreased, and the proportion of Lower Copper River Chinook salmon increased. The results support a historical commercial management approach of providing inriver passage for all temporal components of the run. Genetic data allow for estimating the stock-specific harvests of wild stocks or stocks (with and without coded wire tags) from other areas.

Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial Harvest of Sockeye Salmon in Kodiak Management Area, 2014-2016

Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial Harvest of Sockeye Salmon in Kodiak Management Area, 2014-2016
Author: Kyle Shedd
Publisher:
Total Pages: 154
Release: 2016
Genre: Fish populations
ISBN:
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The commercial salmon fishery in the Kodiak Management Area (KMA), Westward Region, is regulated by 10 board-approved management plans intended to preserve traditional harvest opportunities while maintaining the biological integrity of KMA (local) salmon stocks and alleviating allocative concerns. Precise, accurate estimates of stock-specific harvests of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) are lacking for commercial fisheries in KMA. Such information would be useful for reconstructing runs, building accurate brood tables to define escapement goals, and refining management by identifying spatial and temporal harvest patterns of local and nonlocal stocks. Genetic samples were collected for mixed stock analysis (MSA) to estimate the stock compositions of sockeye salmon harvests in select KMA commercial salmon fisheries from June through August from 2014 to 2016. A total of 45,165 sockeye salmon tissue samples were collected from 6 sampling areas in KMA. Of these, 18,558 samples were ultimately genotyped to represent 47 spatiotemporal strata. Stock compositions were estimated with MSA for all strata using a comprehensive, coastwide sockeye salmon baseline with important local stocks defined as separate reporting groups. Local, Kodiak sockeye salmon contributed 88%, 58%, and 58% of the annual KMA harvests sampled for MSA during 2014--2016 (excluding harvests after August 29, or outside of the areas sampled). During this period, there was significant, nonlocal harvest of Cook Inlet sockeye salmon in all 3 years, containing 8%, 37%, and 30% of the sampled KMA harvest, as well as harvest of Chignik sockeye salmon in 2016, containing 10% of the sampled KMA harvest. These results provide the most comprehensive estimates of stock composition and stock-specific harvests of sockeye salmon in KMA, supplement previous studies, and should inform fishery management, regulatory, and policy decision makers.

Chinook Salmon Sport Harvest Genetic Stock and Biological Compositions in Cook Inlet Salt Waters, 2014–2018

Chinook Salmon Sport Harvest Genetic Stock and Biological Compositions in Cook Inlet Salt Waters, 2014–2018
Author: Martin Schuster
Publisher:
Total Pages: 108
Release: 2021
Genre: Chinook salmon
ISBN:
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Information about stock-specific harvest of Chinook salmon in Cook Inlet saltwater sport fisheries is needed to understand the decline in productivity of Cook Inlet stocks. From 2014 through 2018, mixed stock genetic analysis was used to determine the stock composition of Chinook salmon harvest samples from Cook Inlet saltwater sport fisheries. Four genetic reporting groups were selected to represent Cook Inlet and non-Cook Inlet stocks: Outside Cook Inlet, Northern Cook Inlet, Kenai, and Southern Kenai Peninsula. Genetic reporting group stock composition and harvests were estimated annually for the following fisheries: the Upper Cook Inlet summer early and late fisheries, the Lower Cook Inlet summer fishery, and the winter fishery. The Outside Cook Inlet reporting group composed most of the harvest in all fisheries and all years (70.1–99.8%). The contribution of Cook Inlet Chinook salmon stocks was greatest in the Upper Cook Inlet fisheries (3.5–29.9%) and lowest in the winter fisheries (0.02%). Mixed stock analysis for immature and mature Chinook salmon revealed that almost all immature fish (97.6–99.2%), and a large portion of mature fish (40–81%) harvested in Cook Inlet are from nonlocal stocks. Biological data collected from Chinook salmon harvests in these fisheries indicate that older, larger, and more mature Chinook salmon are harvested in the Upper Cook Inlet summer fisheries. Coded wire tags were used to quantify known origin Chinook salmon harvests, but very few Cook Inlet tags (2) were recovered over the 5-year study. This project provides valuable stock-specific harvest information that can be used by managers to adaptively regulate Cook Inlet saltwater sport fisheries.

Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial Harvest of Sockeye Salmon in Southeastern District Mainland, Alaska Peninsula Management Area, 2010-2012

Genetic Stock Composition of the Commercial Harvest of Sockeye Salmon in Southeastern District Mainland, Alaska Peninsula Management Area, 2010-2012
Author: Tyler H. Dann
Publisher:
Total Pages: 89
Release: 2012
Genre: Fish stock assessment
ISBN:
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The Southeastern District Mainland (SEDM) commercial salmon fishery occurs in the Alaska Peninsula Management Area, Westward Region, is regulated based upon a board-approved management plan, and has allocative constraints between June 1 and July 25 based upon the abundance of Chignik River sockeye salmon. Significant controversy has persisted between SEDM and Chignik Management Area fishermen concerning the estimate of Chignik-bound sockeye salmon harvested in the fishery. Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Program used mixed stock analysis (MSA) to determine stock of origin of sockeye (and chum salmon) in commercial and subsistence fisheries throughout Western Alaska from 2006 to 2009. As a result of low returns to the Chignik River during these years, the SEDM fishery was often closed and few samples were collected for analysis. This study was designed to fill in those holes and estimate stock proportions and stock-specific harvests of sockeye salmon sampled from the SEDM fishery.

Coded Wire Tag Augmented Genetic Mixed Stock Analysis of Chinook Salmon Harvested in Cook Inlet Marine Sport Fishery, 2014-2017

Coded Wire Tag Augmented Genetic Mixed Stock Analysis of Chinook Salmon Harvested in Cook Inlet Marine Sport Fishery, 2014-2017
Author: Andrew W. Barclay
Publisher:
Total Pages: 58
Release: 2019
Genre: Chinook salmon
ISBN:
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Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha stocks support important fisheries in Cook Inlet, Alaska. Many Chinook salmon stocks in Alaska have been in decline since 2007. Stock-specific harvest of Chinook salmon in the Cook Inlet marine sport fishery was identified as one of many information gaps hindering an understanding of the reasons for these declines. Here we report genetic baseline evaluation tests for mixed stock analysis and select mixed stock analysis results using genetic and coded wire tag data (gcMSA) from Chinook salmon harvested in the Cook Inlet marine sport fishery from 2014 to 2017. Results of the baseline tests indicated adequate genetic variation to distinguish among 4 reporting groups of interest to management (Outside CI, Northern CI, Kenai, and S. Kenai Pen.). The gcMSA results were obtained from 4,780 Chinook salmon sampled from the Cook Inlet marine sport fishery. Stock composition and stock-specific harvests were estimated for the Upper Cook Inlet early fishery and Lower Cook Inlet summer and winter fisheries for all 4 years and Upper Cook Inlet late fishery for 2016 and 2017 only. The Outside CI reporting group dominated all fisheries. The contribution of Cook Inlet Chinook salmon stocks was greatest in Upper Cook Inlet and ranged from 10.1% to 24.7% in the early fishery and from 3.5% to 18.0% in the late fishery. In Lower Cook Inlet, Cook Inlet stocks contributed 1.0 to 3.9% in the summer fishery and less than 1.0% of the harvest in the winter fishery in all 4 years.

Genetic Stock Identification of Copper River Chinook Salmon Harvest, 2005-2008

Genetic Stock Identification of Copper River Chinook Salmon Harvest, 2005-2008
Author: William D. Templin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 39
Release: 2011
Genre: Chinook salmon
ISBN:
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This report describes the preparation of a comprehensive genetic baseline representing Chinook salmon populations across the Gulf of Alaska and south to California, and the use of this baseline to estimate the relative stock composition of Chinook salmon harvests in the Copper River District commercial fishery from 2005 to 2008.

Annual Genetic Stock Composition Estimates for the Upper Cook Inlet Sockeye Salmon Commercial Fishery, 2005-2016

Annual Genetic Stock Composition Estimates for the Upper Cook Inlet Sockeye Salmon Commercial Fishery, 2005-2016
Author: Andrew W. Barclay
Publisher:
Total Pages: 15
Release: 2017
Genre: Fish populations
ISBN:
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In December of 2016, ADF&G released a report that used genetic MSA to estimate the stock composition and stock-specific harvest of commercial sockeye salmon harvests in the Kodiak Management Area (KMA) from 2014 to 2016 (Shedd et al. 2016). The results were originally presented to the Alaska Board of Fisheries at the KMA meeting in January, 2017, and then again at the UCI meeting in February, 2017. Nonlocal harvest of Cook Inlet sockeye salmon in KMA commercial salmon fisheries from 2014 to 2016 was substantial, but varied in magnitude both spatially and temporally (Shedd et al. 2016). Given the level of nonlocal harvest of Cook Inlet sockeye salmon, the Alaska Board of Fisheries asked ADF&G to further separate genetic estimates of Cook Inlet harvest into 4 subregional reporting groups: Kenai, Kasilof, Susitna, and Other Cook Inlet. ADF&G is preparing and will release this analysis as an addendum to the Shedd et al. (2016) report. In June of 2017, the Kodiak Fisheries Work Group requested from ADF&G overall stock-specific harvest estimates from all UCI sockeye salmon commercial fishery harvests that have been analyzed to date, including unpublished estimates from 2012 to 2016. The request included a table of stock-specific harvest estimates for the total UCI sockeye salmon commercial fishery in each year and a stacked bar plot of the estimates. This report serves 2 purposes: 1) it provides the Kodiak Fisheries Work Group with the data they requested, and 2) it is a medium for making currently unpublished estimates publicly available.

Northern Cook Inlet Chinook Salmon Marine Harvest Stock Composition, 2014-2015

Northern Cook Inlet Chinook Salmon Marine Harvest Stock Composition, 2014-2015
Author: Adam St. Saviour
Publisher:
Total Pages: 50
Release: 2019
Genre: Chinook salmon
ISBN:
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Genetic tissue samples were collected from Chinook salmon harvested in the Northern District commercial set gillnet fishery and the Tyonek subsistence fishery 2014-2015 to determine stock composition of marine harvests in Northern (Upper) Cook Inlet (NCI). Enough samples were collected both spatially and temporally to represent 97% (2014) and 80% (2015) of commercial harvests and 100% (2014-2015) of subsistence harvests. Genetic mixed-stock analysis produced stock composition and stock-specific harvest estimates by reporting group for each fishery. The 4 reporting groups chosen for these analyses were 1) NCI Northwest, 2) Susitna-Matanuska, 3) Knik-Turnagain, and 4) Kenai Peninsula. In both years of the study, NCI Northwest, Susitna-Matanuska, and Knik-Turnagain reporting groups composed over 98% of the total harvests in both the Northern District commercial and Tyonek subsistence fisheries. The NCI Northwest and Susitna-Matanuska reporting groups composed a majority of harvests in the General Subdistrict (south) (88-96%), and the Knik-Turnagain reporting group composed the majority of harvests in the General Subdistrict (north) (71-89%) in both years. The NCI Northwest, Susitna-Matanuska, and Knik-Turnagain reporting groups composed over 98% of the Eastern Subdistrict commercial harvest in both years, with similar contributions of the 3 reporting groups in 2014 (28-36%) and higher contributions from the Knik-Turnagain reporting group in 2015 (56%). In the Tyonek subsistence fishery, the NCI Northwest (56%) and Susitna-Matanuska (39%) reporting groups composed the majority of the harvest in 2014, and the NCI Northwest reporting group made up most of the harvest in 2015 (79%). These results represent the first mixed-stock analysis using genetic information from Chinook salmon captured in NCI fisheries.