Gender Disparities In Africas Labor Market PDF Download
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Author | : Jorge Saba Arbache |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 450 |
Release | : 2010-08-05 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0821380702 |
Download Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Women's earnings are a fraction of male's earnings in several African countries. It is tempting to conclude that this wage gap is a sign of discrimination against women in the labor market. Yet this book uses new datasets to show that the gap is not simply the result of discrimination in the labor markets, but rather the result of multiple factors, including access to education and credit, cultural values and household duties, and, above all, labor market conditions. It shows that gender disparities grow when economies are not functioning well and labor markets are tiny. More than the effect of discrimination, it seems that job rationing causes those with better human capital and those with more power in the household usually the men to take the few jobs that are available. It is hardly surprising, then, that in a region where only a fraction of the labor force finds jobs in the formal sector, gender disparities in earnings are so high. The book further documents that firm-level and sector characteristics are additional powerful factors in explaining the gender disparities in the labor market. As the causes are not simple, neither are the solutions; multifaceted strategies are needed. By providing environments that support economic growth and, more importantly, job creation, as well as by promoting equal access for women to education and rethinking the attitudes that limit what women may achieve, governments in the region will substantially improve the well-being of all their peoples. 'Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market' helps to fill the knowledge gap and identify the links between gender disparities and poverty reduction. The work was implemented in collaboration with a range of poverty and labor market studies to maximize its usefulness for policy dialogue in specific countries. This book will be of interest to policy makers, students, academics, gender experts, and all those interested in gender issues and development.
Author | : Ms.Christine Dieterich |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 28 |
Release | : 2016-09-23 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1475540779 |
Download Women’s Opportunities and Challenges in Sub-Saharan African Job Markets Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
As labor market data is scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this paper uses household survey data to analyze the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market and its welfare implications for five SSA countries in multinomial logit models with propensity score matching method. The analysis confirms that education opens up opportunities for women to escape agricultural feminization and engage in formal wage employment, but these opportunities diminish when women marry—a disadvantage increasingly relevant when countries develop and urbanization progresses. Opening a household enterprise offers women an alternative avenue to escape low-paid jobs in agriculture, but the increase in per capita income is lower than male-owned household enterprises. These findings underline that improving women’s education needs to be supported by measures to allow married women to keep their jobs in the wage sector.
Author | : Vivian Malta |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 34 |
Release | : 2019-05-23 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1498317065 |
Download Informality and Gender Gaps Going Hand in Hand Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In sub-Saharan Africa women work relatively more in the informal sector than men. Many factors could explain this difference, including women’s lower education levels, legal barriers, social norms and demographic characteristics. Cross-country comparisons indicate strong associations between gender gaps and higher female informality. This paper uses microdata from Senegal to assess the probability of a worker being informal, and our main findings are: (i) in urban areas, being a woman increases this probability by 8.5 percent; (ii) education is usually more relevant for women; (iii) having kids reduces men’s probability of being informal but increases women’s.
Author | : Rachel Connelly |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 514 |
Release | : 2017-07-10 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1137568372 |
Download Gender and Time Use in a Global Context Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This edited volume uses a feminist approach to explore the economic implications of the complex interrelationship between gender and time use. Household composition, sexuality, migration patterns, income levels, and race/ethnicity are all considered as important factors that interact with gender and time use patterns. The book is split in two sections: The macroeconomic portion explores cutting edge issues such as time poverty and its relationship to income poverty, and the macroeconomic effects of recession and austerity; while the microeconomic section studies topics such as differences by age, activity sequencing, and subjective well-being of time spent. The chapters also examine a range of age groups, from the labor of school-age children to elderly caregivers, and analyze time use in Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Finland, India, Korea, South Africa, Tanzania, Turkey, and the United States. Each chapter provides a substantial introduction to the academic literature of its focus and is written to be revealing to researchers and accessible to students and policymakers.
Author | : Ms.Heloisa Marone |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 25 |
Release | : 2016-08-09 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1475524250 |
Download Demographic Dividends, Gender Equality, and Economic Growth Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This study analyzes Cabo Verde’s demographic transition from the perspective of gender equality. As the pace of the demographic transition slows, promoting gender equality and increasing women’s labor force participation will be progressively more important in enhancing otherwise slow-growth dynamics, reducing poverty, and improving the lives of all, women and men. The study investigates gender gaps in the labor market participation rate, employment conditions, and the use of time dedicated to unpaid work. It also discusses policy options to decrease the time women spend on unpaid work, enhance their employability, and enable them to secure employment. Overall, this study contributes to the debate on how better to manage the potential dividends resulting from demographic transitions on the still young but rapidly aging African continent.
Author | : Maty Konte |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 418 |
Release | : 2019-06-29 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 3030149358 |
Download Women and Sustainable Human Development Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book adds significantly to the discourse surrounding the progress made in empowering women in Africa over the last decade, providing strong research evidence on diverse and timely gender issues in varied African countries. Topics covered include climate change and environmental degradation, agriculture and land rights, access to – and quality of – education, maternal and reproductive health, unpaid care and women’s labor market participation, financial inclusion and women’s political participation. Cross cutting issues such as migration, masculinities and social norms are also addressed in this volume, which is aimed at policy makers, academics, and indeed anyone else interested in the UN Sustainable Development Goal of the empowerment of women and girls.
Author | : Shirley Johnson-Lans |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 84 |
Release | : 2017-04-17 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 3319515659 |
Download Wage Inequality in Africa Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This Palgrave Pivot features original research studies of wage inequality in African countries including South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda. The contributors examine gender and racial wage differentials, as well as the effects of urbanization and globalization on inequality in wages and earnings. They also examine the extent to which human capital factors such as education and experience contribute to the significant wage differentials that exist in African countries.
Author | : Donald Tomaskovic-Devey |
Publisher | : Cornell University Press |
Total Pages | : 228 |
Release | : 2018-05-31 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1501717502 |
Download Gender and Racial Inequality at Work Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
No detailed description available for "Gender and Racial Inequality at Work".
Author | : Irene Browne |
Publisher | : Russell Sage Foundation |
Total Pages | : 452 |
Release | : 2000-10-12 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1610440943 |
Download Latinas and African American Women at Work Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
One of Choice magazine's Outstanding Academic Books of 1999 Accepted wisdom about the opportunities available to African American and Latina women in the U.S. labor market has changed dramatically. Although the 1970s saw these women earning almost as much as their white counterparts, in the 1980s their relative wages began falling behind, and the job prospects plummeted for those with little education and low skills. At the same time, African American women more often found themselves the sole support of their families. While much social science research has centered on the problems facing black male workers, Latinas and African American Women at Work offers a comprehensive investigation into the eroding progress of these women in the U.S. labor market. The prominent sociologists and economists featured in this volume describe how race and gender intersect to especially disadvantage black and Latina women. Their inquiries encompass three decades of change for women at all levels of the workforce, from those who spend time on the welfare rolls to middle class professionals. Among the many possible sources of increased disadvantage, they particularly examine the changing demands for skills, increasing numbers of immigrants in the job market, the precariousness of balancing work and childcare responsibilities, and employer discrimination. While racial inequity in hiring often results from educational differences between white and minority women, this cannot explain the discrimination faced by women with higher skills. Minority women therefore face a two-tiered hurdle based on race and gender. Although the picture for young African American women has grown bleaker overall, for Latina women, the story is more complex, with a range of economic outcomes among Cubans, Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and Central and South Americans. Latinas and African American Women at Work reveals differences in how professional African American and white women view their position in the workforce, with black women perceiving more discrimination, for both race and gender, than whites. The volume concludes with essays that synthesize the evidence about racial and gender-based obstacles in the labor market. Given the current heated controversy over female and minority employment, as well as the recent sweeping changes to the national welfare system, the need for empirical data to inform the public debate about disadvantaged women is greater than ever before. The important findings in Latinas and African American Women at Work substantially advance our understanding of social inequality and the pervasive role of race, ethnicity and gender in the economic well-being of American women.
Author | : June E. O'Neill |
Publisher | : AEI Press |
Total Pages | : 315 |
Release | : 2012-12-16 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0844772461 |
Download The Declining Importance of Race and Gender in the Labor Market Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Declining Importance of Race and Gender in the Labor Market provides historical background on employment discrimination and wage discrepancies in the United States and on government efforts to address employment discrimination