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The Functionalization of Fullerenes and Nanocarbon Materials for Photovoltaics and Other Applications

The Functionalization of Fullerenes and Nanocarbon Materials for Photovoltaics and Other Applications
Author: Ggoch Ddeul Grace Han
Publisher:
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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Fullerenes and other nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotubes possess interesting chemical and physical properties. In this thesis, we explore various functionalization methods for nanocarbon materials and their potential applications in photovoltaics and fuel cells. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the chemistry and applications of fullerenes. In Chapter 2, the syntheses of cyclobutadiene-functionalized fullerenes are described, and the influence of intramolecular a-interaction on the electronic energy of a molecule is explored. The fullerene derivatives are used as electron acceptors in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics with polymer donors. In Chapter 3, a series of isobenzofulvene-functionalized fullerenes and their photovoltaic performances are presented. We demonstrate that these n-type materials can generate high opencircuit voltages in organic solar cells and produce higher power conversion efficiencies compared to those of standard devices. In Chapter 4, we utilize fullerene derivatives for electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells. We explore the morphology and stability of fullerene films and demonstrate the fabrication of high performance photovoltaics under low-temperature ambient conditions. In Chapter 5, we study the improvement of organic solar cell performances by the addition of aryne-functionalized fullerenes to active layers as a minority component. In Chapter 6, we describe isoxazoline-functionalized fullerenes and carbon nanotubes and explore their transition metal complexes. Co(II) and Fe(II) complexes on carbon nanotubes are used for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction.


Functionalized Fullerenes

Functionalized Fullerenes
Author: Electrochemical Society. Fullerenes Group
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Total Pages: 292
Release: 2000
Genre: Dielectrics
ISBN: 9781566772761

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Transition Metals in Catalysis

Transition Metals in Catalysis
Author: Silke Leimkühler
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 186
Release: 2021-03-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 303650608X

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Iron–sulfur (FeS) centers are essential protein cofactors in all forms of life. They are involved in many key biological processes. In particular, Fe-S centers not only serve as enzyme cofactors in catalysis and electron transfer, they are also indispensable for the biosynthesis of complex metal-containing cofactors. Among these cofactors are the molybdenum (Moco) and tungsten (Wco) cofactors. Both Moco/Wco biosynthesis and Fe-S cluster assembly are highly conserved among all kingdoms of life. After formation, Fe-S clusters are transferred to carrier proteins, which insert them into recipient apo-proteins. Moco/Wco cofactors are composed of a tricyclic pterin compound, with the metal coordinated to its unique dithiolene group. Moco/Wco biosynthesis starts with an Fe-S cluster-dependent step involving radical/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) chemistry. The current lack of knowledge of the connection of the assembly/biosynthesis of complex metal-containing cofactors is due to the sheer complexity of their synthesis with regard to both the (genetic) regulation and (chemical) metal center assembly. Studies on these metal-cofactors/cofactor-containing enzymes are important for understanding fundamental cellular processes. They will also provide a comprehensive view of the complex biosynthesis and the catalytic mechanism of metalloenzymes that underlie metal-related human diseases.


Fullerenes

Fullerenes
Author: Karl M. Kadish
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 995
Release: 2000-07-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0471290890

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Fullerenes-a guide to the current state of knowledge in the field The last decade has seen an explosion of research into the chemical and physical properties of a promising new class of carbon-based materials known as fullerenes. Karl Kadish and Rodney Ruoff, two highly recognized leaders in the fullerene and nanotube research community, edit a comprehensive and much-needed survey of this important and rapidly evolving field. Contributions by experts in diverse areas of chemistry, physics, pharmacology, materials science, and chemical engineering provide an excellent introduction to fullerenes and highlight their considerable potential in such cutting-edge applications as semiconductor materials, new pharmaceutical compounds, and polymers. From the electrochemistry of fullerenes to molecular and solid C36, this book offers a remarkably fresh and authoritative look at some of the hottest research topics today, including: * Organic functionalization of fullerenes * Photophysical properties of different types of fullerenes * Polyfunctional polymer derivatives of fullerenes * The theory and production of endohedral metallofullerenes * Fullerene surface interactions * Superconductivity in fullerenes * Synthesis of materials incorporated within carbon nanotubes


Exploring the Promises of Fullerenes in Supramolecular Chemistry

Exploring the Promises of Fullerenes in Supramolecular Chemistry
Author: Amineh Aghabali
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN: 9781369615449

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The research presented in this dissertation focuses of three areas in fullerene chemistry: fullerene functionalization, metal-fullerene frameworks and crystallographic studies of these materials.Fullerene functionalization is performed through di-amination of fullerene C60 and C70 in Chapter 2 and via opening and oxygenation of the cage in Chapter 4. These adducts were engineered to act as bi- or multi-dentate oxygen and/or nitrogenous ligands in the presence of Lewis acids. In order to furnish the way to metal-fullerene frameworks, two groups of Lewis acids were used; weak Lewis acids (halogens and interhalogens) and stronger Lewis acids (transition metals). In Chapter 2, the diamine functionalized fullerenes are synthesized and introduced to diiodine and iodine monochloride. This resulted in overcoming the difficulty of growing ordered single-crystals of fullerenes adducts on one side and on the other side, forming supramolecular and polymeric fullerene structures. In Chapter 3, fullerene adducts are introduced to secondary building units of transition metals. We produce linear crystalline polymers that could trap free C60 or C70 molecules between its chains. Also, 2-dimensional metal-fullerene frameworks were successfully crystallized in the self-assembly of fullerene bis-adducts ligand and rhodium acetate. In Chapter 4, we explore the coordination chemistry of open-cage fullerenes and their promises in supramolecular synthesis. These fullerenes, which were first synthesized by Murata and his co-workers, carry oxygen and nitrogenous groups. Here, we’re presenting the first crystallographically characterized dimeric and polymeric structures of open-cage fullerenes, which were formed in coordination with of silver ions. This dissertation does not cover the research that was done in collaboration with other research groups, however, a full list of publications is provided in Appendix A.


Endohedral Metallofullerenes

Endohedral Metallofullerenes
Author: Hisanori Shinohara
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2015-07-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1118697928

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Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Fullerenes with Metal Inside presents a comprehensive survey of the current state of knowledge on endohedral metallofullerenes, from preparation to functionalization, reactivity and applications. Following a brief historical overview, the book describes methods for synthesis, extraction, separation and purification, and provides an insight into the molecular and crystal structures. Subsequent chapters discuss various categories of endohedral metallofullerenes based on the encapsulated species, including carbides, nitrides, sulphides, oxides, non-metal and non-IPR endohedral metallofullerenes, followed by scanning tunneling microscopy studies and the examination of electronic, vibrational, magnetic and optical properties. The book concludes with chapters addressing the chemical functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes, and applications ranging from solar cells to biomedicine.


Fullerenes

Fullerenes
Author: Karl M. Kadish
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 986
Release: 2000-07-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780471290896

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Fullerene, molekulare "Fu?balle" aus 60 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen, sind eine Substanzklasse mit vielversprechenden Zukunftsaussichten, beispielsweise als Halbleiter, als Basis pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe oder Polymerwerkstoffe. Dieses Buch bietet Ihnen einen aktuellen Uberblick uber das dynamische Forschungsgebiet. Zur Sprache kommen modernste Themen wie Metallofullerene, Nanorohren und organisch funktionalisierte Fullerenverbindungen. (06/00)


Fullerenes

Fullerenes
Author: Fernando Langa De La Puente
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 411
Release: 2007-10-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1847557716

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The discovery of caged carbon structures, in 1985, established a whole new field of carbon chemistry. Unlike graphite and diamond, these structures known as fullerenes are finite in structure and are relevant to a wide variety of fields including supramolecular assemblies, nanostructures, optoelectronic devices and a whole range of biological activities. Fullerenes: Principles and Applications discusses all aspects of this exciting field. Sections include: the basic principles for the chemical reactivity of fullerenes, electrochemistry, light induced processes, fullerenes for material sciences, fullerenes and solar cells, biological applications and multifunctional carbon nanotube materials. Written by leading experts in the field the book summarises the basic principles of fullerene chemistry but also highlights some of the most remarkable advances that have occurred in recent years. Fullerenes: Principles and Applications will appeal to researchers in both academia and industry.