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From Sound to Synapse

From Sound to Synapse
Author: C. Daniel Geisler
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 410
Release: 1998
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780195100259

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This comprehensive introduction to the functions of the mammalian ear describes the major steps by which sound is transformed into nerve impulses. The author leads the reader along the pathway followed by the acoustic signal. He starts with the collection of sound by the outer ear, proceeds to its transfer by the middle ear, and finally analyzes its modification in the inner ear, where the sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses. The book concludes with descriptions of some common ear impairments and a brief survey of the treatments available for them. At each stage of the ear's sound processing, Professor Geisler discusses the basic mechanisms, covering current theories and illustrating the discussions with experimental data. Although he uses an extensive array of analogies and mathematical models, he considers only the basic theory and the outputs of the models, not their derivation or formal usage. Where appropriate, related mechanisms in the ears of other vertebrates are considered. From Sound to Synapse is written in lucid, accessible style that makes no assumptions about the scientific background of the reader apart from a basic familiarity with pulse generation by neurons. It will be of value to researchers and students in sensory physiology, neurophysiology, acoustics, bioengineering, psychoacoustics, and neuroscience. It will also benefit neurologists, audiologists, otolaryngologists, and other clinicians interested in a more detailed description of sound processing.


Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System

Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System
Author: Laurence O. Trussell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2011-09-25
Genre: Science
ISBN: 144199517X

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Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System will provide a basic reference for students, clinicians, and researchers on how synapses in the auditory system function to encode acoustic signals. These mechanisms are the groundwork for all auditory processing, and understanding them requires knowledge of the microphysiology of synapses, cellular biophysics, receptor pharmacology, and an appreciation for what these synapses must do for a living, what unique jobs they carry out.


Sound Encoding at the First Auditory Synapse

Sound Encoding at the First Auditory Synapse
Author: Özge Demet Özçete
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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The inner hair cell (IHC) synapse, the first relay station of the auditory system, is able to encode sound with sub-millisecond precision and without any signs of fatigue (Matthews and Fuchs, 2010; Pangršicˇ et al., 2012; Safieddine et al., 2012). Consequently, the IHC synapse manages a high rate of neurotransmitter release per active zone (AZ), which requires a fine balance between fast exocytosis and subsequent endocytosis (Pangrsic et al., 2010; Pangrsic and Vogl, 2018). The molecular physiology of this synapse is unconventional and far from understood. Furthermore, for a given sound fre...


Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System

Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System
Author: Laurence O. Trussell
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2011-09-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781441995186

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Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System will provide a basic reference for students, clinicians, and researchers on how synapses in the auditory system function to encode acoustic signals. These mechanisms are the groundwork for all auditory processing, and understanding them requires knowledge of the microphysiology of synapses, cellular biophysics, receptor pharmacology, and an appreciation for what these synapses must do for a living, what unique jobs they carry out.


Molecular Physiology of Synaptic Sound Encoding at the First Auditory Synapse

Molecular Physiology of Synaptic Sound Encoding at the First Auditory Synapse
Author: Stefanie Krinner
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:

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To achieve accurate encoding of sounds, inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon-type synapses are highly specialized to release synaptic vesicles (SVs) with high rates and temporal precision. A sophisticated, by far not yet fully disentangled unconventional molecular machinery at the synapse active zone (AZ) realizes this impressive performance. It regulates the number of synaptic CaV1.3 Ca2+-channels, their tight coupling to SVs, and fast re-supply of SVs for sustained rates of exocytosis. Sound-evoked glutamate release from an IHC synapse is sensed by the postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs)....


Synaptic Physiology of the Cochlear Sound Encoding

Synaptic Physiology of the Cochlear Sound Encoding
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 170
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:

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Sound intensity is encoded as action potential firing rates by spiral ganglion neurons. These neurons show different rate-level functions with different auditory thresholds, and are thought to collectively encode the large dynamic range of the auditory stimuli. Hair cell ribbon synapses drive the action potential firing in spiral ganglion neurons through release of glutamate that is triggered by voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Therefore, the investigation of presynaptic Ca2+ signaling and its relationship to synaptic ribbons might help to explain how inner hair cells (IHCs) decompose auditory ...


Behavioral and Electrophysiological Assessment of Hearing Function in Mice with Deficient Sound Encoding at Inner Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse

Behavioral and Electrophysiological Assessment of Hearing Function in Mice with Deficient Sound Encoding at Inner Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
Author: Iman Bahader
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre:
ISBN:

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Auditory synaptopathy in humans is characterized by poor speech perception especially in noisy environments despite of preserved active cochlear amplification. The ABR of affected patients is absent or shows a significant reduction of wave I amplitude caused by abnormal function of inner hair cell ribbon synapses. Here, I characterized auditory function in mouse models of auditory synaptopathy by comparing electrophysiological (ABR, ASSR, and DPOAE) and behavioral experiments (acoustic startle reflexes, operant conditioning in the shuttle box and Intellicage). The best behavioral results we...


Zebrafish in Development and Disease

Zebrafish in Development and Disease
Author: Gokhan Dalgin
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 157
Release: 2019-12-06
Genre:
ISBN: 2889632482

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There are only a few vertebrate systems that can be used to model human diseases for biomedical discovery. The zebrafish model provides key advantages over existing models. Their externally developing embryos provide high-throughput non-invasive imaging, chemical screening, forward and reverse genetics, and their regeneration capacity make zebrafish a valuable system for novel discovery. Developmental studies using zebrafish has influenced discoveries in many human health-related conditions. This Research Topic covers all aspects of zebrafish studies, providing developmental mechanisms to human health conditions. The aim of the Research Topic was to foster a platform to bring all levels of zebrafish research including but not limited to development, disease, regeneration, drug screening, bioinformatics and Omics studies.