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From Exclusion to Reciprocity

From Exclusion to Reciprocity
Author: Jona M. Rosenfeld
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 165
Release: 2016-11-07
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0761867996

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Prof. Jona Rosenfeld is one of Israel's pioneering social workers. This, his autobiography, is a vivid testimony to his long life dedicated to social work, sociology, psychotherapy and social action. Born in Germany, in 1933 he immigrated with his family to Palestine. In the nascent state of Israel, Rosenfeld very quickly made his mark on the field of social work that was still in its infancy. Then, through his drive, determination and creativity saw it develop and mature. Significantly, he clarified the task of social work: serving the excluded in our midst, and showed how they can be enabled by social workers to improve their lives. After aligning himself with ATD The Fourth World Movement, he worked internationally with families living in extreme poverty and exclusion. The book ends with a call to address two man-made evils, genocide and poverty, as a world-wide challenge for the future.


Reciprocity, Inefficiency and Social Exclusion

Reciprocity, Inefficiency and Social Exclusion
Author: Akira Okada
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2002
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper investigates experimentally the impact of reciprocal fairness considerations in multilateral bargaining and coalition formation. The consequences for effciency and the distribution of wealth are analyzed. The results show that reciprocal fairness indeed deeply affects the effciency and equity of coalition formation. In up to 91 percent of the cases an ineffcient and unfair coalition is chosen. Up to almost one third of the population is excluded from bargaining and earns nothing. Effciency losses between 5 and 20 percent occur. The results can be explained by the interplay of selfish behaviour of 'proposers' and negative reciprocal behaviour of 'responders'


Re-thinking Diversity

Re-thinking Diversity
Author: Cordula Braedel-Kühner
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 303
Release: 2015-12-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 3658115025

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This volume entails a collection of new ideas, themes and questions towards a phenomenon which we are used to refer to with the key term “diversity”. The aim of the book is to offer a cultural sciences perspective on “diversity”, to advance knowledge about it and enrich the dialogue between academics and practitioners in related domains of action. Today, changes in the demographic structures of the population, the migration flux, multiculturalism, the rising awareness concerning minorities’ rights, gender studies and so on lead to a complex picture of what “diversity” means. The narrative of a society and of most organizations is constituted by multiple layers of social categorization, segregation and identity. Therefore, “diversity” defies simple definition. The contributions in this volume approach the phenomenon from different angles and reveal new theoretical, methodological and practical perspectives on it.


Universal Basic Income

Universal Basic Income
Author: Jurgen De Wispelaere
Publisher:
Total Pages: 24
Release: 1999*
Genre: Income shifting (Taxation)
ISBN:

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The Price of Exclusion, and the Value of Inclusive Policies

The Price of Exclusion, and the Value of Inclusive Policies
Author: Sergio Mittlaender
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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Societies, communities, groups, and teams must often decide to exclude or to include other individuals. This article studies, firstly, the consequences of exclusion on the subsequent behavior of excluded individuals in the resulting segregated public good games, providing evidence that excluded individuals tend to behave in a more prosocial manner towards other excluded individuals. With respect to those responsible for exclusion, the use of majority voting to enforce exclusion led to a pronounced reduction in the contributions of those who voted for inclusion, but who were outvoted by a majority voting for exclusion. Secondly, this article studies the effect of two distinct kinds of policies that re-integrate excluded individuals, providing evidence that a policy that re-includes the excluded back in the same group from which they were excluded, and together with the perpetrators of exclusion, is counter-productive and reduces prosocial behavior because of negative reciprocity. In contrast, a policy that re-includes the excluded in another, different group does not activate the norm of reciprocity, and is apt to restore prosocial behavior of previously excluded individuals. In the end, the robustness of the findings when confronted to existing evidence from other sciences, as well as implications for public policies to overcome segregation and for legal instruments to redress exclusion are discussed.


Reciprocity

Reciprocity
Author: James Laurence Laughlin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 616
Release: 1903
Genre: Reciprocity
ISBN:

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Deliberative Democracy and Divided Societies

Deliberative Democracy and Divided Societies
Author: Ian O'Flynn
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
Total Pages: 192
Release: 2006-06-30
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0748627030

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In a world where the impact of internal conflicts is spreading ever wider, there is a real need to rethink how democratic ideals and institutions can best be implemented. This book responds to this challenge by showing that deliberative democracy has crucial, but largely untapped, normative implications for societies deeply divided along ethnic lines. Its central claim is that deliberative norms and procedures can enable the citizens of such societies to build and sustain a stronger sense of common national identity. More specifically, it argues that the deliberative requirements of reciprocity and publicity can enable citizens and representatives to strike an appropriate balance between the need to recognise competing ethnic identities and the need to develop a common civic identity centred on the institutions of the state.Although the book is primarily normative, it supports its claims with a broad range of empirical examples, drawn from cases such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lebanon, Macedonia, Northern Ireland and South Africa. It also considers the normative implications of deliberative democracy for questions of institutional design. It argues that power-sharing institutions should be conceived in a way that allows citizens as much freedom as possible to shape their own relation to the polity. Crucially, this freedom can enable them to reconstruct their relationship to each other and to the state in ways that ultimately strengthen and sustain the transition from ethnic conflict to democracy.


From Exclusion to Excellence

From Exclusion to Excellence
Author: Michal Razer
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 176
Release: 2017-01-28
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9463004882

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The authors draw on their 30 years of action-research activities helping educators provide a meaningful education to at-risk/excluded students. They explain how teacher well-being is a precondition for building the sorts of relationships that enable excluded students to learn. They present in detail four concrete skills (non-abandonment, reframing, connecting conversation, and emphatic limit-setting) for reaching children and at the same time strengthening educators’ emotional resilience and professional pride. They address how schools can rethink and reshape the way they relate to parents of excluded children, so as to allow both sides to trust and empower each other. If you are a teacher, this book will help you make sense of the difficulties you face daily and provide you with reliable methods for working more effectively. If you are a principal or policymaker, it will show how the road to excellence begins with inclusion, and with providing teachers the kind of support that enables them to succeed. I am not an education expert, but you don’t have to be to want to implement the conclusions that Michal Razer and Victor J. Friedman make about schools to societies as a whole. To produce a successful school serving the needs of all of its students, you need to focus—before passing out any curriculum or teaching any classes—on building that elusive thing called “trust”, or what the authors call “inclusion”. When there is trust in the classroom, when every student believes that they and their aspirations matter to a teacher, everything is possible and everything is easier—the most difficult students become more educable and inspired and take more ownership over their success—and the best students soar even higher. This book should be read by teachers, parents and politicians alike, because its incisive recommendations for building more successful schools apply just as much to families and parliaments. – Thomas L. Friedman, New York Times columnist" /div


The Economics of Reciprocity, Giving and Altruism

The Economics of Reciprocity, Giving and Altruism
Author: NA NA
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 387
Release: 2019-06-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1349627453

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Reciprocity is a pervasive type of social interaction in encounters, groups and organizations. This volume gathers basic recent works in its main domains such as the theory of reciprocity, the public economics of transfers, the economics of the family, charities, gifts of organs, or the motivations for gift-giving. The book constitutes a landmark in this rapidly expanding field of research.