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| Author | : United States. Dept. of State |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : United States |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : United States. Department of State |
| Publisher | : Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian |
| Total Pages | : 1008 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
From GPO bookstore website: State Department Publication. Editors, Linda W. Qaimmaqami and Adam M. Howard. General Editor: Edward C. Keefer. Presents documents that explain and illuminate the major foreign policy decisions of President Nixon on the Middle East region, the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Peninsula, and Jordan during the crisis of September 1970, and represents the counsel of his key foreign policy advisers. Focuses on U.S. regional policy in the Middle East and the Indian Ocean. Also has chapters on U.S. bilateral relations with Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and the smaller Persian Gulf states
| Author | : United States. Department of State |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 966 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Government publications |
| ISBN | : 9780160799921 |
From GPO bookstore website: State Department Publication. Editors, Linda W. Qaimmaqami and Adam M. Howard. General Editor: Edward C. Keefer. Presents documents that explain and illuminate the major foreign policy decisions of President Nixon on the Middle East region, the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Peninsula, and Jordan during the crisis of September 1970, and represents the counsel of his key foreign policy advisers. Focuses on U.S. regional policy in the Middle East and the Indian Ocean. Also has chapters on U.S. bilateral relations with Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and the smaller Persian Gulf states.
| Author | : United States. Department of State |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 1458 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : Arab-Israeli conflict |
| ISBN | : |
Description of Volume 13. China : "This volume is the first publication in a new subseries of the Foreign Relations series that documents the most important foreign policy issues of the Jimmy Carter presidential administration." From U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian website.
| Author | : Paul Hibbeln (J.) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 721 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Israel-Arab War, 1973 |
| ISBN | : |
"This electronic-only volume is part of a subseries of volumes of the Foreign Relations series that documents the foreign policy decision making of the administrations of Presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford. This volume documents the formulation of U.S. policy toward the Middle East region as a whole, as well as the development of bilateral relationships with the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, from February 15, 1973, until December 28, 1976. During this period, Presidents Nixon and Ford and Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger devoted much of their attention to managing the political, economic and strategic effects of the October 1973 Arab-Israeli war on U.S. interests in the region. Though the United States enjoyed cordial relations with every state on the Arabian Peninsula, with the exception of the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen, the U.S. Government was criticized for its relationship with and assistance to Israel during the war. The 1973–1974 oil embargo, led by Arab members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries against the United States and Western Europe, compounded the war’s impact and further complicated U.S. relations with most Middle Eastern states. In addition to raising international oil prices and creating a troubling financial situation for the United States, the embargo diminished U.S. prestige in the region at a moment when the Soviet Union’s influence in the eastern Mediterranean, the Horn of Africa, and South Asia appeared to be on the rise. In response to this situation, the United States strengthened diplomatic relations with recently-independent Gulf states, who were responsive to offers of U.S. development expertise, technical assistance, and military aid. The Nixon and Ford administrations also courted Saudi Arabia as a political and economic partner, bolstered the modest U.S. military presence in the region, and expanded Washington’s diplomatic footprint with the establishment of new Embassies in the Gulf"--Office of the Historian press release.
| Author | : Kenneth Kolander |
| Publisher | : University Press of Kentucky |
| Total Pages | : 282 |
| Release | : 2020-08-03 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0813179491 |
One of the defining features of United States foreign policy since World War II has been the nation's special relationship with Israel. This informal alliance, rooted in shared values and culture, grew out of a moral obligation to promote Israel's survival in the aftermath of the Holocaust as US policymakers provided military aid, weapons, and political protection. In return, Israel served American interests through efforts to contain communism and terrorism in the region. Today, the US provides almost four billion dollars in military aid per year, which raises questions regarding interest and propriety: At what point does US support for Israel exceed the boundaries of the countries' unconventional relationship and become counterproductive to other national interests, including the pursuit of peace in the Middle East? Kenneth Kolander provides a vital new perspective on the US-Israel bond by focusing on Congress's role in developing and maintaining the special relationship during a crucial period. Previous studies have focused on the executive branch, but Kolander demonstrates that US-Israel relations did not follow a course preferred by successive presidential administrations, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. Instead, he illuminates how influential lobbyists, America's affinity for Israel and antipathy towards Arabs, and economic pressures influenced legislators and inspired congressional action in support of Israel. In doing so, he presents an essential investigation of the ways in which legislators exert influence in foreign policy and adds new depth to the historiography of an important dynamic in postwar world politics.
| Author | : Laleh Khalili |
| Publisher | : Verso Books |
| Total Pages | : 369 |
| Release | : 2020-04-02 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1786634813 |
How shipping is central to the very fabric of global capitalism In our networked world, the realities governing the international movement of freight are easily forgotten. But maritime transport remains the bedrock of trade. Convoys perpetually crisscross the oceans, carrying gas, oil, ore – indeed, every type of consumable and commodity. These movements, though practically invisible, mean that control of the seas is vital in an age when no nation can survive on domestic products alone. Professor and author Laleh Khalili travelled the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean aboard gigantic container ships to investigate the secretive and sometimes dangerous world of maritime trade. What she discovered was strangely disturbing: brutally exploited seafarers enduring loneliness and risking injury to keep the cogs of trade turning. In the Arabian peninsula’s ports, forbidden places encircled by barbed wire and moats of highways, the dockers struggle for benefits and political rights, as they have for generations. Environmental catastrophes threaten with increasing intensity and frequency. Around the oil-trading nations of the Middle East, a history of British colonialism, modern US imperialism, and local autocracies combine to worsen the conditions of modern seafarers, and piracy persists near the Horn of Africa. From her research riding the sea lanes and visiting the major Middle Eastern ports, Khalili has produced a book that exposes the frayed and tense sinews of modern capital, a physical network without which none of our more abstracted webs and systems could operate.
| Author | : Kai Bird |
| Publisher | : Simon and Schuster |
| Total Pages | : 448 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Arab-Israeli conflict |
| ISBN | : 1416544410 |
Pulitzer Prize-winner Kai Bird's vivid memoir of an American childhood spent in the midst of the Arab-Israeli conflict in Jerusalem and Saudi Arabia
| Author | : Galen Jackson |
| Publisher | : Cornell University Press |
| Total Pages | : 277 |
| Release | : 2023-04-15 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1501769170 |
In A Lost Peace, Galen Jackson rewrites an important chapter in the history of the middle period of the Cold War, changing how we think about the Arab-Israeli conflict. During the June 1967 Middle East war, Israeli forces seized the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria, and the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan. This conflict was followed, in October 1973, by a joint Egyptian-Syrian attack on Israel, which threatened to drag the United States and the Soviet Union into a confrontation even though the superpowers had seemingly embraced the idea of détente. This conflict contributed significantly to the ensuing deterioration of US-Soviet relations. The standard explanation for why détente failed is that the Soviet Union, driven mainly by its Communist ideology, pursued a highly aggressive foreign policy during the 1970s. In the Middle East specifically, the conventional wisdom is that the Soviets played a destabilizing role by encouraging the Arabs in their conflict with Israel in an effort to undermine the US position in the region for Cold War gain. Jackson challenges standard accounts of this period, demonstrating that the United States sought to exploit the Soviet Union in the Middle East, despite repeated entreaties from USSR leaders that the superpowers cooperate to reach a comprehensive Arab-Israeli settlement. By leveraging the remarkable evidence now available to scholars, Jackson reveals that the United States and the Soviet Union may have missed an opportunity for Middle East peace during the 1970s.
| Author | : Jacob Darwin Hamblin |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 336 |
| Release | : 2021-06-03 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 0197526926 |
A groundbreaking narrative of how the United States offered the promise of nuclear technology to the developing world and its gamble that other nations would use it for peaceful purposes. After the Second World War, the United States offered a new kind of atom that differed from the bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This atom would cure diseases, produce new foods, make deserts bloom, and provide abundant energy for all. It was an atom destined for the formerly colonized, recently occupied, and mostly non-white parts of the world that were dubbed the "wretched of the earth" by Frantz Fanon. The "peaceful atom" had so much propaganda potential that President Dwight Eisenhower used it to distract the world from his plan to test even bigger thermonuclear weapons. His scientists said the peaceful atom would quicken the pulse of nature, speeding nations along the path of economic development and helping them to escape the clutches of disease, famine, and energy shortfalls. That promise became one of the most misunderstood political weapons of the twentieth century. It was adopted by every subsequent US president to exert leverage over other nations' weapons programs, to corner world markets of uranium and thorium, and to secure petroleum supplies. Other countries embraced it, building reactors and training experts. Atomic promises were embedded in Japan's postwar recovery, Ghana's pan-Africanism, Israel's quest for survival, Pakistan's brinksmanship with India, and Iran's pursuit of nuclear independence. As The Wretched Atom shows, promoting civilian atomic energy was an immense gamble, and it was never truly peaceful. American promises ended up exporting violence and peace in equal measure. While the United States promised peace and plenty, it planted the seeds of dependency and set in motion the creation of today's expanded nuclear club.
