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Foreign Involvement in the Critical National Infrastructure

Foreign Involvement in the Critical National Infrastructure
Author: Great Britain. Intelligence and Security Committee
Publisher:
Total Pages: 27
Release: 2013-06-06
Genre: Computer security
ISBN: 9780101862929
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Certain telecommunications networks are a critical element of the UK's infrastructure, "the loss or compromise of which would have a major, detrimental impact on the availability or integrity of essential services, leading to sever economic or social consequences …" In the UK the Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) is now largely in the hands of private enterprises. There is potentially a conflict between the commercial imperative and national security. In 2003 BT, which is responsible for large parts of the UK's telecommunications structure, embarked on a major £10bn rationalisation and upgrade project (the 21st Century Network). A number of companies were selected to supply the various equipment required, one of which was Huawei, a Chinese telecommunications company. A contract for supply of transmission and access equipment, including routers, was signed in 2005, with this being deployed across the network from January 2007. Most of the concerns surrounding Huawei relate to its perceived links to the Chinese State. Huawei denies direct links with the Chinese Government or military, though the Committee notes that such links are considered normal in China. Huawei has also invested in the Cyber Security Evaluation Centre (the Cell), and the Committee is concerned that a Hauwei-run Cell is responsible for providing assurance about Huawei products. The National Security Adviser should review the effectiveness of the Cell as a matter of urgency and GCHQ must have greater oversight. The risk to the CNI must be managed properly: alerts for foreign investment in CNI; risk assessment; ministers must be informed.

Innovation and National Security

Innovation and National Security
Author: Adam Segal
Publisher: Council on Foreign Relations Press
Total Pages: 124
Release: 2019-09-18
Genre:
ISBN: 9780876097700
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For the past three-quarters of a century, the United States has led the world in technological innovation and development. The nation now risks falling behind its competitors, principally China. The United States needs to advance a national innovation strategy to ensure it remains the predominant power in a range of emerging technologies. Innovation and National Security: Keeping Our Edge outlines a strategy based on four pillars: restoring federal funding for research and development, attracting and educating a science and technology workforce, supporting technology adoption in the defense sector, and bolstering and scaling technology alliances and ecosystems. Failure could lead to a future in which rivals strengthen their militaries and threaten U.S. security interests, and new innovation centers replace the United States as the source of original ideas and inspiration for the world.

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity
Author: Rita Tehan
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 46
Release: 2017-04-27
Genre:
ISBN: 9781546322184
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Critical infrastructure is defined in the USA PATRIOT Act as "systems and assets, physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health and safety, or any combination of those matters." Presidential Decision Directive 63, or PDD-63, identified activities whose critical infrastructures should be protected: information and communications; banking and finance; water supply; aviation, highways, mass transit, pipelines, rail, and waterborne commerce; emergency and law enforcement services; emergency, fire, and continuity of government services; public health services; electric power, oil and gas production; and storage. In addition, the PDD identified four activities in which the federal government controls the critical infrastructure: (1) internal security and federal law enforcement; (2) foreign intelligence; (3) foreign affairs; and (4) national defense. In February 2013, the Obama Administration issued PPD-21, Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience, which superseded HSPD-7 issued during the George W. Bush Administration. PPD-21 made no major changes in policy, roles and responsibilities, or programs, but did order an evaluation of the existing public-private partnership model, the identification of baseline data and system requirements for efficient information exchange, and the development of a situational awareness capability. PPD-21 also called for an update of the National Infrastructure Protection Plan, and a new Research and Development Plan for Critical Infrastructure, to be updated every four years. This report serves as a starting point for covering cybersecurity issues as they relate to critical infrastructure. Much is written about protecting U.S. critical infrastructure, and this CRS report directs the reader to authoritative sources that address many of the most prominent issues. The annotated descriptions of these sources are listed in reverse chronological order with an emphasis on material published in the past several years. The report includes resources and studies from government agencies (federal, state, local, and international), think tanks, academic institutions, news organizations, and other sources.

The External Dimension of the European Union’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Programme

The External Dimension of the European Union’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Programme
Author: Alessandro Lazari
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 274
Release: 2022-06-27
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1000570657
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External Dimension of the European Union’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Programme: From Neighboring Frameworks to Transatlantic Cooperation provides the basis, methodological framework, and first comprehensive analysis of the current state of the external dimension European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection. The challenges at the EU level are multidimension insofar as identifying, designating and protecting critical infrastructures with the ultimate goal of harmonizing different national policies of the Member States and creating the identity of the European Union in this arena. Modern society has become so reliant on various sectors of critical infrastructure—energy, telecommunications, transport, finance, ICT, and public services—that any disruption may lead to serious failures that impact individuals, society, and the economy. The importance of critical infrastructures grows with the industrial development of global and national communities; their interdependence and resiliency is increasingly important given security threats including terrorism, natural disaster, climate change and pandemic outbreak In the area of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience, the European Union is constantly committed to setting the objectives for the Member States. At the same time, the European Commission promotes the importance of a common approach to Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP), and ensure cooperation beyond the borders of the Union, while also cooperating with neighboring countries, including those soon willing to join the European Union. This book has been structured and written to contribute to current critical infrastructures, resilience policy development and discussions about regional and international cooperation. It serves as a reference for those countries willing to initiate cooperation and that therefore demand deeper knowledge on the security cultures and frameworks of their potential partners. Features: Provides an unprecedented analysis of the national frameworks of 14 neighboring countries of the EU, plus the United States and Canada Overcomes the language barriers to provide an overall picture of the state of play of the countries considered Outlines the shaping of national critical infrastructure protection frameworks to understanding the importance of service stability and continuity Presents guidelines to building a comprehensive and flexible normative framework Addresses the strategic and operational importance of international co-operation on critical infrastructure including efforts in CIP education and training Provides insight to institutions and decision-makers on existing policies and ways to improve the European security agenda The book explains and advocates for establishing stronger, more resilient systems to preserve functionalities at the local, national, and international levels. Security, industry, and policy experts—both practitioners and policy decision-makers—looking for answers will find the solutions they seek within this book.

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States Cfius

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States Cfius
Author: Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 38
Release: 2016-08-12
Genre:
ISBN: 9781539454816
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The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) is comprised of nine members, two ex officio members, and other members as appointed by the President representing major departments and agencies within the federal executive branch. While the group generally has operated in relative obscurity, the proposed acquisition of commercial operations at six U.S. ports by Dubai Ports World in 2006 placed the group's operations under intense scrutiny by Members of Congress and the public. Prompted by this case, some Members of the 109th and 110th Congresses questioned the ability of Congress to exercise its oversight responsibilities given the general view that CFIUS's operations lack transparency. Other Members revisited concerns about the linkage between national security and the role of foreign investment in the U.S. economy. Some Members of Congress and others argued that the nation's security and economic concerns have changed since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and that these concerns were not being reflected sufficiently in the Committee's deliberations. In addition, anecdotal evidence seemed to indicate that the CFIUS process was not market neutral. Instead, a CFIUS investigation of an investment transaction may have been perceived by some firms and by some in the financial markets as a negative factor that added to uncertainty and may have spurred firms to engage in behavior that may not have been optimal for the economy as a whole. On July 12, 2016, Senator Charles Grassley introduced S. 3161 to include the Secretary of Agriculture as a permanent member of the CFIUS and to include the national security impact of foreign investments on agricultural assets as part of the criteria the Committee uses in deciding to recommend that the President block a foreign acquisition.

Securing 'the Homeland'

Securing 'the Homeland'
Author: Myriam Anna Dunn
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 218
Release: 2020-04-28
Genre: History
ISBN: 1134069197
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This edited volume uses a ‘constructivist/reflexive’ approach to address critical infrastructure protection (CIP), a central political practice associated with national security. The politics of CIP, and the construction of the threat they are meant to counter, effectively establish a powerful discursive connection between that the traditional and normal conditions for day-to-day politics and the exceptional dynamics of national security. Combining political theory and empirical case studies, this volume addresses key issues related to protection and the governance of insecurity in the contemporary world. The contributors track the transformation and evolution of critical infrastructures (and closely related issues of homeland security) into a security problem, and analyze how practices associated with CIP constitute, and are an expression of, changing notions of security and insecurity. The book explores aspects of ‘securitisation’ as well as at practices, audiences, and contexts that enable and constrain the production of the specific form of governmentality that CIP exemplifies. It also explores the rationalities at play, the effects of these security practices, and the implications for our understanding of security and politics today.

Managing Cyber Attacks in International Law, Business, and Relations

Managing Cyber Attacks in International Law, Business, and Relations
Author: Scott J. Shackelford
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 435
Release: 2014-07-10
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1107004373
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This book presents a novel framework to reconceptualize Internet governance and better manage cyber attacks. Specifically, it makes an original contribution by examining the potential of polycentric regulation to increase accountability through bottom-up action. It also provides a synthesis of the current state of cybersecurity research, bringing features of the cloak and dagger world of cyber attacks to light and comparing and contrasting the cyber threat to all relevant stakeholders. Throughout the book, cybersecurity is treated holistically, covering outstanding issues in law, science, economics, and politics. This interdisciplinary approach is an exemplar of how strategies from different disciplines as well as the private and public sectors may cross-pollinate to enhance cybersecurity. Case studies and examples illustrate what is at stake and identify best practices. The book discusses technical issues of Internet governance and cybersecurity while presenting the material in an informal, straightforward manner. The book is designed to inform readers about the interplay of Internet governance and cybersecurity and the potential of polycentric regulation to help foster cyber peace.

Cyber Attacks

Cyber Attacks
Author: Edward Amoroso
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 336
Release: 2012-03-29
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0123918677
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Cyber Attacks, Student Edition, offers a technical, architectural, and management approach to solving the problems of protecting national infrastructure. This approach includes controversial themes such as the deliberate use of deception to trap intruders. This volume thus serves as an attractive framework for a new national strategy for cyber security. A specific set of criteria requirements allows any organization, such as a government agency, to integrate the principles into their local environment. In this edition, each principle is presented as a separate security strategy and illustrated with compelling examples. The book adds 50-75 pages of new material aimed specifically at enhancing the student experience and making it more attractive for instructors teaching courses such as cyber security, information security, digital security, national security, intelligence studies, technology and infrastructure protection. It now also features case studies illustrating actual implementation scenarios of the principles and requirements discussed in the text, along with a host of new pedagogical elements, including chapter outlines, chapter summaries, learning checklists, and a 2-color interior. Furthermore, a new and complete ancillary package includes test bank, lesson plans, PowerPoint slides, case study questions, and more. This text is intended for security practitioners and military personnel as well as for students wishing to become security engineers, network operators, software designers, technology managers, application developers, etc. Provides case studies focusing on cyber security challenges and solutions to display how theory, research, and methods, apply to real-life challenges Utilizes, end-of-chapter case problems that take chapter content and relate it to real security situations and issues Includes instructor slides for each chapter as well as an instructor’s manual with sample syllabi and test bank

Countering Cyber Sabotage

Countering Cyber Sabotage
Author: Andrew A. Bochman
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2021-01-20
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1000292975
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Countering Cyber Sabotage: Introducing Consequence-Driven, Cyber-Informed Engineering (CCE) introduces a new methodology to help critical infrastructure owners, operators and their security practitioners make demonstrable improvements in securing their most important functions and processes. Current best practice approaches to cyber defense struggle to stop targeted attackers from creating potentially catastrophic results. From a national security perspective, it is not just the damage to the military, the economy, or essential critical infrastructure companies that is a concern. It is the cumulative, downstream effects from potential regional blackouts, military mission kills, transportation stoppages, water delivery or treatment issues, and so on. CCE is a validation that engineering first principles can be applied to the most important cybersecurity challenges and in so doing, protect organizations in ways current approaches do not. The most pressing threat is cyber-enabled sabotage, and CCE begins with the assumption that well-resourced, adaptive adversaries are already in and have been for some time, undetected and perhaps undetectable. Chapter 1 recaps the current and near-future states of digital technologies in critical infrastructure and the implications of our near-total dependence on them. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the origins of the methodology and set the stage for the more in-depth examination that follows. Chapter 4 describes how to prepare for an engagement, and chapters 5-8 address each of the four phases. The CCE phase chapters take the reader on a more granular walkthrough of the methodology with examples from the field, phase objectives, and the steps to take in each phase. Concluding chapter 9 covers training options and looks towards a future where these concepts are scaled more broadly.