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Fluoride in Drinking Water

Fluoride in Drinking Water
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 531
Release: 2007-01-22
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 030910128X

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Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.


Fluoridation Facts

Fluoridation Facts
Author: American Dental Association
Publisher: American Dental Association
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2018-03-05
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1684470064

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All-in-one resource in for everything related to fluoridated water, from its impact on dental health to its safety and cost-effectiveness. Dispelling common myths that fluoridation is dangerous, this book provides science-backed information based on the most current research in Q&A format. This is the most in-depth and up-to-date educational resource available regarding fluoridated water, from the American Dental Association.


Fluoride in Drinking Water

Fluoride in Drinking Water
Author: A.K. Gupta
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2016-04-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1498756530

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Explore the Health Effects of Fluoride PollutionFluoride in Drinking Water: Status, Issues, and Solutions establishes the negative impacts of naturally occurring fluoride on human health and considers the depth and scope of fluoride pollution on an international scale. The book discusses current global water quality and fluoride-related issues and


The Case Against Fluoride

The Case Against Fluoride
Author: Paul H. Connett
Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing
Total Pages: 394
Release: 2010
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 1603582878

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In the case of water fluoridation, the chemicals used to fluoridate the water that more than 180 million people drink each day are not pharmaceutical grade, but rather hazardous waste products of the phosphate fertilizer industry; it is illegal to dump them into rivers and lakes or release them into the atmosphere. And water fluoridation is a prime example of one of the worst medical practices possible-forced medication with no control over the dose or who gets it. Perhaps most shocking of all, it is not subject to any federal regulation. At once painstakingly-documented and also highly-readable, The Case Against Fluoride brings new research to light, including links between fluoride and harm to the brain, bones, and kidneys, and argues that while there is possible value in topical applications like brushing your teeth with fluoride toothpaste, the evidence that swallowing fluoride reduces tooth decay is surprisingly weak.


Fluoride in Drinking-water

Fluoride in Drinking-water
Author: John Kirtley Fawell
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 145
Release: 2006
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 9241563192

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Fluoride is known to occur at elevated concentration in a number of parts of the world, where it can be a significant cause of disease. The primary focus of this book is the prevention of adverse health effects from excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water. The book fills the urgent need, identified for updating the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, for information on the occurrence of fluoride, its health effects, ways of reducing excess levels, and methods for analysis of fluoride in water. The draft document, produced by a working group of experts convened to consider protection from fluoride and its control, was issued for extensive review and consultation. The resultant book, which incorporates the comments received, was further peer reviewed by experts in developed and developing countries. It is aimed at a wide range of individuals, including health workers and sanitary engineers who may require a broad introduction to the subject with more detailed guidance in some specific areas. Fluoride in Drinking-waterwill be an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with the management of drinking water containing fluoride and the health effects arising from its consumption, including water sector managers and practitioners, as well as health sector staff at policy and implementation levels. It will also be of interest to researchers, students, development workers, and consultants.


Fluoride Drinking Waters

Fluoride Drinking Waters
Author: Frank James McClure
Publisher:
Total Pages: 648
Release: 1962
Genre: Fluorides
ISBN:

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The Fluoride Wars

The Fluoride Wars
Author: R. Allan Freeze
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 395
Release: 2009-04-29
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0470463678

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A lively account of fluoridation and its discontents Since its first implementation in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1945, public drinking water fluoridation and its attendant conflicts, controversies, and conspiracy theories serve as an object lesson in American science, public health, and policymaking. In addition to the arguments on the issue still raging today, the tale of fluoridation and its discontents also resonates with such present concerns as genetically modified foods, global warming response, nuclear power, and environmental regulation. Offering the best current thinking on the issue, The Fluoride Wars presents a witty and detailed social history of the fluoridation debate in America, illuminating the intersection of science and politics in our recent past. This reader-friendly assessment explores the pro- and anti-fluoridation movements, key players, and important events. Full of amusing and vivid anecdotes and examples, this accessible recounting includes: A careful and non-condescending look at the hard science, popular science, pseudo-science, and junk science involved A look at fluoride issues including dosage, cost, financial and funding interests, fluorosis, and problems of risk-cost-benefit analysis The back-and-forth drama between pro- and anti-fluoridation factions, with all its claims, counterclaims, insults, acrimony, and lawsuits Case studies of various cities and their experiences with municipal water fluoridation initiatives Fluorophobia and popular conspiracy theories involving fluoride The colorful characters in the debate including activists, scientists, magicians, and politicians A richly and considerately told tale of American science and public life, The Fluoride Wars offers an engrossing history to both interested general readers and specialists in public health, dentistry, policymaking, and related fields.


Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water

Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water
Author: Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 236
Release: 2021-07-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0323856462

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Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water focuses on the application of green technologies for the defluoridation of water using adsorption processes and nanoadsorbents. Chapters cover the environmental and health effects of fluoride presence in ambient air, food, water, soil and vegetation, focus on approaches for analytical methods to determine the presence of fluoride in water, review various types of conventional and advanced techniques used for removal, focus on adsorption as a green technology, review various types of adsorbents, and emphasize a techno-economic assessment with respect to conventional and non-conventional technologies. This book provides readers with comprehensive methods and applications, while also presenting the global impacts of fluoride ion on the environment, including in drinking water, food, air, soil and vegetables. The authors compare different defluoridation technologies in detail, providing researchers in environmental science and nanotechnology fields with the information they need to create solutions on how to safely remove fluoride from water in a sustainable and cost-effective way. Presents the application of green technology for the defluoridation of water using adsorption processes and nanoadsorbents Includes methods for effectively removing fluoride ions from potable water and water bodies Provides techniques that are eco-friendly, without toxic chemicals, and with lower cost options


The Case against Fluoride

The Case against Fluoride
Author: Paul Connett
Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing
Total Pages: 392
Release: 2010-10-07
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1603583130

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When the U.S. Public Health Service endorsed water fluoridation in 1950, there was little evidence of its safety. Now, six decades later and after most countries have rejected the practice, more than 70 percent of Americans, as well as 200 million people worldwide, are drinking fluoridated water. The Center for Disease Control and the American Dental Association continue to promote it--and even mandatory statewide water fluoridation--despite increasing evidence that it is not only unnecessary, but potentially hazardous to human health. In this timely and important book, Dr. Paul Connett, Dr. James Beck, and Dr. H. Spedding Micklem take a new look at the science behind water fluoridation and argue that just because the dental and medical establishments endorse a public health measure doesn't mean it's safe. In the case of water fluoridation, the chemicals that go into the drinking water that more than 180 million people drink each day are not even pharmaceutical grade, but rather a hazardous waste product of the phosphate fertilizer industry. It is illegal to dump this waste into the sea or local surface water, and yet it is allowed in our drinking water. To make matters worse, this program receives no oversight from the Food and Drug Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency takes no responsibility for the practice. And from an ethical standpoint, say the authors, water fluoridation is a bad medical practice: individuals are being forced to take medication without their informed consent, there is no control over the dose, and no monitoring of possible side effects. At once painstakingly documented and also highly readable, The Case Against Fluoride brings new research to light, including links between fluoride and harm to the brain, bones, and endocrine system, and argues that the evidence that fluoridation reduces tooth decay is surprisingly weak.