Flare Hazards At Solar Minimum PDF Download
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Author | : Hermann J. Schaefer |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 24 |
Release | : 1966 |
Genre | : Proton beams |
ISBN | : |
Download Flare Hazards at Solar Minimum Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The proton energy spectra for the Class 2 solar flare of February 5, 1965, as reported by a polar orbit satellite at five different times during the two-day period of enhanced intensity, are evaluated in terms of tissue depth doses for a semi-infinite slab with 0.1 g/sq cm shielding and for the Gemini and Apollo shield distribution. Maximum dose rates for the tissue surface are 714 millirads/hour, 81 and 11 millirads/hour, respectively. For the unidirectional beams, half value layers range from 2.6 to 5.6 millimeters of tissue. The integral flare dose over forty-four hours is 8.3 rads for the tissue surface behind 0.1 g/sq cm shielding. (Author).
Author | : Hermann J. Schaefer |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 17 |
Release | : 1966 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Flare Hazards at Solar Minimum Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The proton energy spectra for the Class 2 solar flare of February 5, 1965, as reported by a polar orbit satellite at five different times during the two-day period of enhanced intensity, are evaluated in terms of tissue depth doses for a semi-infinite slab with 0.1 g/sq cm shielding and for the Gemini and Apollo shield distribution. Maximum dose rates for the tissue surface are 714 millirads/hour, 81 and 11 millirads/hour, respectively. For the unidirectional beams, half value layers range from 2.6 to 5.6 millimeters of tissue. The integral flare dose over forty-four hours is 8.3 rads for the tissue surface behind 0.1 g/sq cm shielding. (Author).
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 1492 |
Release | : 1966 |
Genre | : Aeronautics |
ISBN | : |
Download Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Whitley Strieber |
Publisher | : Penguin |
Total Pages | : 53 |
Release | : 2012-12-11 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 1101616334 |
Download Solar Flares Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
There is a force out there that could destroy our world in minutes. . . . Solar flares—brief bursts of radiation from our sun—have always existed and have never been particularly dangerous. Nature hasn’t changed. But we have. By making our world so dependent on electricity delivered by huge, unprotected power grids we have inadvertently placed humanity at terrible risk. As bestselling author Whitley Strieber explores in this urgent new work, a powerful solar flare could demolish our electrical delivery system, wiping away centuries of civilization in minutes and drastically changing our world. Such a scenario is altogether plausible—and it is the single most dangerous single thing that could happen to our civilization, more dangerous than the most massive earthquake or volcano, more dangerous than climate change, more dangerous even than nuclear war. What is worse, solar flares of a now-dangerous intensity are not all that uncommon; and not only that, our electrical and electronic infrastructure is becoming so extensive, and thus so fragile, that smaller and smaller solar flares can pose more and more serious hazards. Due to the astonishing unwillingness of power companies to cooperate, good programs that would make us safer, and that are supported by both political parties, have been routinely prevented from being enacted. In Solar Flares: What You Need to Know, Strieber reveals the dangers behind solar flares, tracks the disastrous damage they could cause, surveys what they would do to our world in the here-and-now, and explains what nations and individuals must do to prepare for them.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 1014 |
Release | : 1966-11 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Download U.S. Government Research & Development Reports Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : R. C Good (Jr) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 45 |
Release | : 1965 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download SOLAR FLARE HAZARDS: PREDICTABILITY. Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The hazards of solar flares are discussed in some detail to show the need for prediction. Hazards are noted as protons, X rays, ultraviolet, and radio interference. Since the first is potentially the most dangerous, some data on dosage during flares is presented to evaluate the hazards. Since flares occur at or near sunspots and since there seems to be a direct correlation with the characteristics of sunspots, some discussion is given of the dimensions and characteristics of sunspots. One prediction scheme is presented which involves the statistics of flares, and a scheme is described that is presently being used for flare studies at the Space Sciences Laboratory. (Author).
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 1466 |
Release | : 1966 |
Genre | : Government publications |
ISBN | : |
Download Government-wide Index to Federal Research & Development Reports Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 89 |
Release | : 1997-03-27 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309056985 |
Download Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
NASA's long-range plans include possible human exploratory missions to the moon and Mars within the next quarter century. Such missions beyond low Earth orbit will expose crews to transient radiation from solar particle events as well as continuous high-energy galactic cosmic rays ranging from energetic protons with low mean linear energy transfer (LET) to nuclei with high atomic numbers, high energies, and high LET. Because the radiation levels in space are high and the missions long, adequate shielding is needed to minimize the deleterious health effects of exposure to radiation. The knowledge base needed to design shielding involves two sets of factors, each with quantitative uncertaintyâ€"the radiation spectra and doses present behind different types of shielding, and the effects of the doses on relevant biological systems. It is only prudent to design shielding that will protect the crew of spacecraft exposed to predicted high, but uncertain, levels of radiation and biological effects. Because of the uncertainties regarding the degree and type of radiation protection needed, a requirement for shielding to protect against large deleterious, but uncertain, biological effects may be imposed, which in turn could result in an unacceptable cost to a mission. It therefore is of interest to reduce these uncertainties in biological effects and shielding requirements for reasons of mission feasibility, safety, and cost.
Author | : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Division |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 2300 |
Release | : 1967 |
Genre | : Aeronautics |
ISBN | : |
Download NASA Scientific and Technical Reports Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 2084 |
Release | : 1967 |
Genre | : Aeronautics |
ISBN | : |
Download A Selected Listing of NASA Scientific and Technical Reports for 1966 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle