Fiscal Space For Health In Latin America And The Caribbean PDF Download
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| Author | : Pan American Pan American Health Organization |
| Publisher | : Pan American Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 128 |
| Release | : 2020-06-30 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789275220009 |
Download Fiscal Space for Health in Latin America and the Caribbean Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Countries that have made the most progress toward universal coverage have public expenditures in health equivalent to at least 6% of their gross domestic product (GDP), which is the percentage established in PAHO's universal health strategy as the benchmark for the countries. However, while higher expenditure is a prerequisite, it is not enough to combat inequities and advance toward universal health. In addition to greater resources, the quality of the expenditure must be improved, reducing health system inefficiencies. Moreover, public expenditure in health should be sustainably increased in a fiscally responsible manner. The concept of fiscal space for health refers to the ability of governments to provide additional budgetary resources for the health system without affecting the financial position of the public sector or supplanting other socially necessary expenditures. Any analysis of fiscal space, therefore, will attempt to identify the prospects for increasing health expenditure in the short and medium term to address a series of clearly established health needs. These efforts are under way at a critical time in the Region of the Americas, particularly in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, which are engaged in a singular health system reform process. For the first time in history, these countries have formalized their intention of increasing public expenditure in health, putting themselves firmly on the path to real and effective access to health care through the universal health strategy. Without achieving basic well-being at this level, it will be impossible to improve social cohesion and social development in the countries of the Region. This publication brings together and summarizes PAHO's studies on fiscal space for universal health in the Americas and draws on the contributions of the regional forum held in Washington, D.C. on 7-8 December 2015. With this publication, whose target audience is the technical personnel responsible for policy development, decision-makers, and authorities, PAHO hopes to contribute to the analysis and discussion of health financing policies on the path toward universal health.
| Author | : Alejandro Izquierdo |
| Publisher | : Inter-American Development Bank |
| Total Pages | : 453 |
| Release | : 2018-09-16 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1597823317 |
Download Better Spending for Better Lives Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
How can this puzzle of larger demands and fiscal strengthening be solved? This edition of the development in the Americas (DIA) report focuses precisely on this question. The book suggests that the answer is about fiscal efficiency and smart spending rather than the standard solution of across-the-board spending cuts to achieve fiscal sustainability— sometimes at great cost for society. It is about doing more with less. · Analysis of government spending in Latin America and the Caribbean reveals widespread waste and inefficiencies that could be as large as 4.4 percent of the region’s GDP, showing there is ample room to improve basic services without necessarily spending more resources. · The publication argues against across-the-board cuts. It looks at whether countries spend too much or too little on different priorities, whether they invest enough to ensure a better future, and whether those expenditures make inequality better or worse. · Along with the diagnosis, the report offers several policy recommendations on how to improve the efficiency of government spending.
| Author | : United Nations |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 120 |
| Release | : 2019-05-06 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9789211220179 |
Download Fiscal Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean 2019 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Fiscal Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2019 examines the role of tax policy as a tool for driving progress towards achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. One way to strengthen collection is to address the challenges of taxing the rapidly growing digital economy. Tax policy can also be used to shift production and consumption patterns to encourage decarbonization of the economy and support improvements in public health. Lastly, the document analyses the constraints on domestic resource mobilization caused by fiscal incentives and how, effectively geared towards investment, these incentives could instead foster sustainable and inclusive development.
| Author | : Ramesh Govindaraj |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 1995-01-01 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9780821331422 |
Download Health Expenditures in Latin America Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
World Bank Technical Paper No. 274. The preparation of the World Bank's World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health (WDR) included an effort to assemble internationally comparable statistics on a broad range of health and health system indicators. Data had to be compiled from existing sources while analytical efforts were made to improve the quality and comparability of the data. This paper presents an expanded and updated version of the WDR estimates of 1990 health expenditures for the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Whereas the population cut-off for inclusion in the WDR was 3 million, these tables include almost all countries in the region. This update of the expenditures results in a substantial upward revision in the estimated percentage of GNP spent on health in the region in 1990 from 4 to 6%.
| Author | : Tania Dmytraczenko |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 247 |
| Release | : 2015-06-30 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1464804559 |
Download Toward Universal Health Coverage and Equity in Latin America and the Caribbean Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Over the past three decades, many countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have recognized health as a human right. Since the early 2000s, 46 million more people in the countries studied are covered by health programs with explicit guarantees of affordable care. Reforms have been accompanied by a rise in public spending for health, financed largely from general revenues that prioritized or explicitly target the population without capacity to pay. Political commitment has generally translated into larger budgets as well as passage of legislation that ring-fenced funding for health. Most countries have prioritized cost-effective primary care and adopted purchasing methods that incentivize efficiency and accountability for results, and that give stewards of the health sector greater leverage to steer providers to deliver on public health priorities. Evidence from the analysis of 54 household surveys corroborates that investments in extending coverage are yielding results. Though the poor still have worse health outcomes than the rich, disparities have narrowed considerably - particularly in the early stage of the life course. Countries have reached high levels of coverage and equity in utilization of maternal and child health services; coverage of noncommunicable disease interventions is not as high and service utilization is still skewed toward the better off. Catastrophic health expenditures have declined in most countries; the picture regarding equity, however, is mixed. While the rate of impoverishment owing to health-care expenditures is low and generally declining, 2-4 million people in the countries studied still fall below the poverty line after health spending. Efforts to systematically monitor quality of care in the region are still in their infancy. Nonetheless, a review of the literature reveals important shortcomings in quality of care, as well as substantial differences across subsystems. Improving quality of care and ensuring sustainability of investments in health remain an unfinished agenda.
| Author | : United Nations |
| Publisher | : UN |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2023-11-30 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9789211220711 |
Download Fiscal Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean 2021 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In 2021, Latin America and the Caribbean faces an economic and social context that will remain complex and uncertain. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact the region, with a fresh wave of cases that has led to the implementation of new public health measures to curb the spread of the virus. Vaccination campaigns, which are a priority, have been hampered by unequal access to vaccines globally and challenges in vaccine production and distribution. In this complex and uncertain context, the Fiscal Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2021 analyses the challenges for fiscal policy in the region as it continues to tackle the emergency and bring about a transformative post-pandemic recovery. Maintaining an expansionary fiscal policy will be key, and will require the support of international cooperation through development financing. The report also reflects on the need to promote tax policies that expand fiscal space, improve income distribution and maintain the sustainability of spending trajectories. Lastly, it examines progress in the mainstreaming of a gender perspective in fiscal policies in the region.
| Author | : World Bank |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 2022-10-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1464819297 |
Download New Approaches to Closing the Fiscal Gap Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
As the COVID†?19 crisis recedes, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is back to work and looking forward. Reported deaths related to the pandemic are low and have plausibly converged to global levels. Yet low vaccination rates in some countries leave them vulnerable to new variants. In most countries, gross domestic product (GDP) and employment have fully recovered their 2019 levels, although forecasted growth rates might be said to be “resiliently mediocre†?: banking systems appear sound, and rising debt burdens are manageable so far, but growth is not expected to exceed the low levels of the 2010 decade. Poverty in terms of income (monetary poverty) has largely receded with the economic recovery, but the longer†?term scars of the pandemic in terms of education and health have planted deep seeds of future inequality. Redressing these problems and undertaking the structural reforms needed to reach higher levels of growth and reduce poverty remain central on the policy agenda. The new and unwelcome entrant in the policy space is inflation. While comparable to advanced country levels and well managed by regional monetary authorities, inflation nonetheless is being propelled by forces that may give it more staying power than originally hoped. Finally, public deficits induced by the pandemic and the need to finance critical government programs and directions have opened a fiscal gap and led to constrained fiscal space. The need to close the fiscal gap, put debt on a sustainable footing, and generate fiscal space to finance necessary physical and social investments has led to a search for new revenues and in particular to pressure to increase income taxes. In looking at any tax hike, concerns center on the possible depressive effects on growth, overall progressivity, and possible incentives for informality. This report presents new evidence on these effects for value added taxes (VAT) and income taxes. It also advocates for steps to cut wasteful government spending and increase government efficiency—both to generate substantial resources and as an entry point to a broader agenda of state modernization and generating public trust.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 4 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Latin America and the Caribbean, Better Financial Health Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Many Latin American and Caribbean governments have made significant strides in adopting and implementing tighter macroeconomic policies during the 1990s. This document looks at fiscal and monetary policy in the region, as well as the effects of volatility in foreign capital flows.
| Author | : Eduardo A. Cavallo |
| Publisher | : Inter-American Development Bank |
| Total Pages | : 121 |
| Release | : 2018-03-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Download A Mandate to Grow Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The 2018 Macroeconomic Report, A Mandate to Grow, revisits the growth debate that has been raging in the region for the past half century. Viewing the debate from this long-term perspective allows for a focus on the structural factors that have prevented Latin America and the Caribbean from reaching the growth potential required to keep pace with faster growing regions and to fulfill the aspirations of its population.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 274 |
| Release | : 2021-12-02 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264682317 |
Download Latin American Economic Outlook 2021 Working Together for a Better Recovery Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Latin American Economic Outlook 2021: Working Together for a Better Recovery aims to analyse and provide policy recommendations for a strong, inclusive and environmentally sustainable recovery in the region. The report explores policy actions to improve social protection mechanisms and increase social inclusion, foster regional integration and strengthen industrial strategies, and rethink the social contract to restore trust and empower citizens at all stages of the policy‐making process.
