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Film Censorship in the Weimar Republic

Film Censorship in the Weimar Republic
Author: John Paul Mason
Publisher:
Total Pages: 133
Release: 2020
Genre: Art and society
ISBN:

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The establishment of film censorship legislation in Germany after the end of World War I ultimately contributed to political crisis and the rise of the Nazis in 1933. The Weimar National Assembly passed the Motion Picture Law in 1920, establishing the film censorship boards which would conduct film censorship for the rest of the Weimar Era. This law, which Socialist Democrats and Nationalists came together to support, exacerbated the animosity between the Communists and the Social Democrats, while simultaneously giving credit to Nationalist ideas that German culture was under the threat of foreign influence and degradation at the hands of Communists and Jews. In practice, the film review boards sought to control political opinions and limit sexual deviancy, furthering these divides even more and normalizing homophobia. Although the majority of the German population accepted most of the film review boards’ censorship decisions, their approval and subsequent censorship of Lewis Milestone’s All Quiet on the Western Front served as a dramatic point of contention in which the Nazis gained political support and legitimacy. Film censorship contributed to the growth in Nazi support and the ever-widening political divisions between the German left, leading to the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933, as well as providing cultural normalization and political legitimacy Nazi acts of violent extremism against racial ‘others’ and those deemed inferior, Communists, and the LGBTQ community.


Silencing Cinema

Silencing Cinema
Author: D. Biltereyst
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 467
Release: 2013-03-26
Genre: Performing Arts
ISBN: 1137061987

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Oppression by censorship affects the film industry far more frequently than any other mass media. Including essays by leading film historians, the book offers groundbreaking historical research on film censorship in major film production countries and explore such innovative themes as film censorship and authorship, religion, and colonialism.


'Trash,' Censorship, and National Identity in Early Twentieth-Century Germany

'Trash,' Censorship, and National Identity in Early Twentieth-Century Germany
Author: Kara L. Ritzheimer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2016-06-24
Genre: History
ISBN: 1316720802

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Convinced that sexual immorality and unstable gender norms were endangering national recovery after World War One, German lawmakers drafted a constitution in 1919 legalizing the censorship of movies and pulp fiction, and prioritizing social rights over individual rights. These provisions enabled legislations to adopt two national censorship laws intended to regulate the movie industry and retail trade in pulp fiction. Both laws had their ideological origins in grass-roots anti-'trash' campaigns inspired by early encounters with commercial mass culture and Germany's federalist structure. Before the war, activists characterized censorship as a form of youth protection. Afterwards, they described it as a form of social welfare. Local activists and authorities enforcing the decisions of federal censors made censorship familiar and respectable even as these laws became a lightning rod for criticism of the young republic. Nazi leaders subsequently refashioned anti-'trash' rhetoric to justify the stringent censorship regime they imposed on Germany.


The Many Faces of Weimar Cinema

The Many Faces of Weimar Cinema
Author: Christian Rogowski
Publisher: Camden House
Total Pages: 370
Release: 2010
Genre: Performing Arts
ISBN: 1571134298

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Traditionally, Weimar cinema has been equated with the work of a handful of auteurist filmmakers and a limited number of canonical films. Often a single, limited phenomenon, "expressionist film," has been taken as synonymous with the cinema of the entire period. But in recent decades, such reductive assessments have been challenged by developments in film theory and archival research that highlight the tremendous richness and diversity of Weimar cinema. This widening of focus has brought attention to issues such as film as commodity; questions of technology and genre; transnational collaborations and national identity; effects of changes in socioeconomics and gender roles on film spectatorship; and connections between film and other arts and media. Such shifts have been accompanied by archival research that has made a cornucopia of new information available and augmented by the increased availability of films from the period on DVD. This wealth of new source material calls for a re-evaluation of Weimar cinema that considers the legacies of lesser-known directors and producers, popular genres, experiments of the artistic avant-garde, and nonfiction films, all of which are aspects attended to by the essays in this volume. Contributors: Ofer Ashkenazi, Jaimey Fisher, Veronika Fuechtner, Joseph Garncarz, Barbara Hales, Anjeana Hans, Richard W. McCormick, Nancy P. Nenno, Elizabeth Otto, Mihaela Petrescu, Theodore F. Rippey, Christian Rogowski, Jill Smith, Philipp Stiasny, Chris Wahl, Cynthia Walk, Valerie Weinstein, Joel Westerdale. Christian Rogowski is Professor and Chair of German at Amherst College.


Movie Censorship in Germany

Movie Censorship in Germany
Author: Max Heitzer
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 14
Release: 2014-01-31
Genre: Performing Arts
ISBN: 3656584516

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Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Communications - Movies and Television, grade: 1,7, University of Applied Sciences Köln RFH, language: English, abstract: Although article 5 of the German constitution says that ”There shall be no censorship.“ and ”Art [...] shall be free.“ the reality looks different. Mainly movies and especially the horror genre often have problems with their aimed rating before they are published. In spite of an existing prohibition of censorship movies are cut down to be less harmful to youngsters and children although they are only suitable for adults anyway. But how does this procedure work? Which laws restrict the constitution and when are they applied? After a short definition of the word censorship, an introduction of the most important institutions and a view of the general censorship situation in Germany this term paper shall make clear that: Movie censorship is not necessary (in Germany).


Film Front Weimar

Film Front Weimar
Author: Bernadette Kester
Publisher: Leiden University Press
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2003
Genre: Performing Arts
ISBN: 9789053565971

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How was Germany's experience of World War I depicted in film during the following years? Drawing on analysis of the films of the Weimar era--documentaries and feature films addressing the war's causes, life at the front, war at sea, and the home front--Bernadette Kester sketches out the historical context, including reviews and censors' reports, in which these films were made and viewed, and offers much insight into how Germans collectively perceived World War I during its aftermath and beyond.


Berlin Alexanderplatz

Berlin Alexanderplatz
Author: Peter Jelavich
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2009-03-31
Genre: History
ISBN: 0520259971

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Jelavich examines Alfred Döblin's 1929 novel 'Berlin Alexanderplatz', which questioned the autonomy & coherence of the human personality in the modern metropolis, & traces the discrepancies that radically altered the work when it was adapted for radio & as a motion picture.


Film and the German Left in the Weimar Republic

Film and the German Left in the Weimar Republic
Author: Bruce Murray
Publisher:
Total Pages: 312
Release: 1990-06
Genre: Performing Arts
ISBN:

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The Weimar Republic of Germany, covering the post-World War I period of civil and governmental strife, witnessed a great struggle among a variety of ideologies, a struggle for which the arts provided one important arena. Leftist individuals and organizations critiqued mainstream art production and attempted to counter what they perceived as its conservative-to-reactionary influence on public opinion. In this groundbreaking study, Bruce Murray focuses on the leftist counter-current in Weimar cinema, offering an alternative critical approach to the traditional one of close readings of the classical films. Beginning with a brief review of pre-Weimar cinema (1896-1918), he analyzes the film activity of the Social Democratic Party, the German Communists, and independent leftists in the Weimar era. Leftist filmmakers, journalists, and commentators, who in many cases contributed significantly to marginal leftist as well as mainstream cinema, have, until now, received little scholarly attention. Drawing on exhaustive archival research and personal interviews, Murray shows how the plurality of aesthetic models represented in the work of individuals who participated in leftist experiments with cinema in the 1920S collapsed as Germany underwent the transition from parliamentary democracy to fascist dictatorship. He suggests that leftists shared responsibility for that collapse and asserts the value of such insights for those who contemplate alternatives to institutional forms of cinematic discourse today.


Film and the German Left in the Weimar Republic

Film and the German Left in the Weimar Republic
Author: Bruce Murray
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Total Pages: 440
Release: 2010-07-05
Genre: Performing Arts
ISBN: 0292788037

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The Weimar Republic of Germany, covering the post-World War I period of civil and governmental strife, witnessed a great struggle among a variety of ideologies, a struggle for which the arts provided one important arena. Leftist individuals and organizations critiqued mainstream art production and attempted to counter what they perceived as its conservative-to-reactionary influence on public opinion. In this groundbreaking study, Bruce Murray focuses on the leftist counter-current in Weimar cinema, offering an alternative critical approach to the traditional one of close readings of the classical films. Beginning with a brief review of pre-Weimar cinema (1896-1918), he analyzes the film activity of the Social Democratic Party, the German Communists, and independent leftists in the Weimar era. Leftist filmmakers, journalists, and commentators, who in many cases contributed significantly to marginal leftist as well as mainstream cinema, have, until now, received little scholarly attention. Drawing on exhaustive archival research and personal interviews, Murray shows how the plurality of aesthetic models represented in the work of individuals who participated in leftist experiments with cinema in the 1920S collapsed as Germany underwent the transition from parliamentary democracy to fascist dictatorship. He suggests that leftists shared responsibility for that collapse and asserts the value of such insights for those who contemplate alternatives to institutional forms of cinematic discourse today.