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Federal Regulation of Margin in the Commodity Futures Industry - History and Theory

Federal Regulation of Margin in the Commodity Futures Industry - History and Theory
Author: Jerry W. Markham
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

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Whether the federal government should regulate margin requirements for commodity futures contracts has been the subject of intensive debate for over fifty years. Congress has periodically rejected legislation that would have granted such authority. The stock market crash of 1987, and a subsequent mini-crash in 1989, has resulted in renewed demands for federal controls. The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Department of the Treasury contend that such controls are necessary to prevent the near disastrous set of events that occurred during those market crises. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the commodity futures industry oppose federal controls on margin, and assert that market forces, not margins, were responsible for the events that occurred during the 1987 and 1989 market breaks. This article addresses these events. Part I discusses the numerous, uniformly unsuccessful efforts by the federal government to impose margin controls on commodity futures in prior years. It also describes the nature of commodity futures margins and the problems encountered in the early history of federal regulation of futures trading. Part II describes federal margin controls over securities transactions and their background. It then examines the Federal Reserve Board's view that federal margin controls are no longer serving the regulatory purposes intended when Congress adopted the controls in 1934. Part III of the article discusses the recent efforts to obtain federal regulatory controls over commodity futures margins following the stock market crash of 1987. It also examines the increased demands by the SEC and the Department of Treasury for such controls as a result of the mini-crash of 1989. Finally, Part IV of the article examines the merits of the arguments over the need for federal margin controls. Opponents contend that rigid federal margin requirements could impair market liquidity. Proponents of margin controls contend that federal regulation is necessary to reduce market volatility and to prevent another stock market crash. The article concludes that the evidence supporting the latter view is weak. Nevertheless, there is some support for the view that residual authority could be given to the Federal Reserve Board to guard against systemic risks.


Law Enforcement and the History of Financial Market Manipulation

Law Enforcement and the History of Financial Market Manipulation
Author: Jerry Markham
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 456
Release: 2015-01-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1317466373

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First Published in 2014. This book maps the issues and traces the U.S. government's efforts to properly regulate, monitor, and prevent financial speculation and price manipulation in various markets. It begins with the period from the late nineteenth century to the first congressional efforts at regulation in the 1930s and continues on to the present, with a full chapter on the legal and financial aspects of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. The book also discusses the difficulty of initiating successful prosecutions of financial fraud and price manipulation and proposes a new approach to preventing manipulative practices.


Between Truth and Power

Between Truth and Power
Author: Julie E. Cohen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 377
Release: 2019
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0190246693

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This work explores the relationships between legal institutions and political and economic transformation. It argues that as law is enlisted to help produce the profound economic and sociotechnical shifts that have accompanied the emergence of the informational economy, it is changing in fundamental ways.


A Financial History of the United States

A Financial History of the United States
Author: Jerry W Markham
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 839
Release: 2015-03-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1317478126

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This new reference by the author of the critically acclaimed A Financial History of the United States covers the aftermath of the Enron-era scandals and the extraordinary financial developments during the period


The Derivatives Revolution

The Derivatives Revolution
Author: Raffaele Scalcione
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 458
Release: 2011-01-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041134301

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It is now widely recognized that an uncontrolled "derivatives revolution" triggered one of the most spectacular worst-case scenarios of modern times. This book - the most cogent legal analysis of the subject yet to appear in any language - lays bare the core role played by the failure to adequately regulate derivatives in the financial crisis of recent years. The author's insistence that derivatives must be viewed not as profit-seeking investments but as risk management tools - and his well-grounded prescriptions to ensure that they are regulated in that way - sheds clear light on the best way for companies, financial institutions, and hedge funds to move forward in their use of these useful but highly hazardous instruments. This book clearly shows how such elements as the following fit into the legal analysis of derivatives, and how proper regulation will preserve their usefulness and economic value: ; derivatives allow for the most efficient and cost-effective risk fractioning, hence risk taking, techniques ever conceived; derivatives allow for all measurable and identifiable risks that may exist in modern finance; the ability to isolate risks and insure against risk exposures is the key to the very survival of modern financial markets; risk buyers effectively take on financial exposure to various types of risk while hedgers unload unwanted exposures; derivatives allow domestic investors to acquire exposure to foreign markets without the necessity of dealing with foreign laws, foreign investments, currency exchange, or foreign fiscal regimes; derivatives increase social welfare by making it easier and less expensive to carry out many types of financial transactions; derivatives allow governments to insulate, manage, hedge or concentrate risks deriving from financial, meteorological, and even geopolitical exposure; and derivatives allow radical changes to financial and risk structure to be performed silently and rapidly. To the question: how do we ensure that a company trading derivatives is regulated effectively? this work offers a clear and convincing answer. The author's detailed recommendations for regulatory and corporate governance measures are designed to prevent excessive risk taking, the emergence of rogue traders, and ultimately the emergence of another systemic disturbance caused by chains of derivatives-related losses.


Temple Law Review

Temple Law Review
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 1254
Release: 1991
Genre: Electronic journals
ISBN:

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Federal Register

Federal Register
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 1036
Release: 1994-06
Genre: Administrative law
ISBN:

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SEC Docket

SEC Docket
Author: United States. Securities and Exchange Commission
Publisher:
Total Pages: 892
Release: 1994
Genre: Securities
ISBN:

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Commodity Futures Law Reporter

Commodity Futures Law Reporter
Author: Commerce Clearing House
Publisher:
Total Pages: 2538
Release: 1974
Genre: Commodity exchanges
ISBN:

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Futures Trading Act of 1982

Futures Trading Act of 1982
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
Publisher:
Total Pages: 188
Release: 1982
Genre: Commodity exchanges
ISBN:

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