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| Author | : Robert J. Trew |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 295 |
| Release | : 2017-04-13 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 1107068320 |
Gain a head start in your academic career with this step-by-step guide to building an externally funded research program.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 300 |
| Release | : 1999-02-11 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0309062780 |
The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 192 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Association of American Universities |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 3 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
University research is a vital building block of the nation's research and development (R&D) enterprise. While U.S. universities perform just 13 percent of total national R&D, they perform 31 percent of the nation's total research--basic and applied--and 56 percent of the nation's basic research. Because there is broad consensus that university research is a long-term national investment in the future, the federal government supports about 60 percent of the research performed at universities. In 2009, that amounted to the federal government supporting about $33 billion of universities' total annual R&D spending of $55 billion. Along with creating new knowledge and the foundation for new products and processes, U.S. universities use their research activities to educate students who will become the next generation's scientists and engineers, teachers, and leaders in government and industry. The following topics are addressed herein: how university research projects receive federal funding, the funding process and peer review, how the federal government manages research accountability, what costs of research the federal government covers, how the federal government determines F&A cost reimbursement, how cost reimbursement is restricted as administrative compliance requirements increase, and the process for using results of university research. A list of information sources is included.
| Author | : United States. General Accounting Office |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 192 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Federal aid to research |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : United States. General Accounting Office |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 396 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Federal aid to research |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Federal aid to research |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 107 |
| Release | : 1995-11-22 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 030917600X |
The United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).
| Author | : GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIV. |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 187 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The nation's universities play a vital role in advancing U.S. economic health by performing nearly half of its basic research that provides the foundation for technological progress. Federal funds support approximately two-thirds of this university-based basic research. As reported by the National Science Foundation, the federal government, in fiscal year 1984, expended approximately $5.5 billion at universities for research and development, of which approximately $4 billion was for basic research. The federal government transfer funds to universities and colleges through various 'funding mechanisms' that support both research and the infrastructure of research (major equipment and facilities, special training needs, and institutional support). A funding mechanism is a category of federal financial support or scientific research performed at and by U.S. universities. With the last decade concern has grown that the current array of funding mechanisms may not adequately provide for the continuity and stability of research, the modernized equipment, and the human resource needs to maintain the vital role the universities play in the nation's research effort. This report provides information on federal funding of university research by presenting the array of funding mechanisms used by Federal agencies in funding such research.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 283 |
| Release | : 2016-06-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309379512 |
Research universities are critical contributors to our national research enterprise. They are the principal source of a world-class labor force and fundamental discoveries that enhance our lives and the lives of others around the world. These institutions help to create an educated citizenry capable of making informed and crucial choices as participants in a democratic society. However many are concerned that the unintended cumulative effect of federal regulations undercuts the productivity of the research enterprise and diminishes the return on the federal investment in research. Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research reviews the regulatory framework as it currently exists, considers specific regulations that have placed undue and often unanticipated burdens on the research enterprise, and reassesses the process by which these regulations are created, reviewed, and retired. This review is critical to strengthen the partnership between the federal government and research institutions, to maximize the creation of new knowledge and products, to provide for the effective training and education of the next generation of scholars and workers, and to optimize the return on the federal investment in research for the benefit of the American people.
