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| Author | : David Stalfort |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 168 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Oil pollution of water |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 278 |
| Release | : 2003-03-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309084385 |
Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
| Author | : J. Green |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 343 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400911092 |
Freshwater is a most precious natural resource. To the developed world, refreshing, untainted water is presumed from the taps of millions of householders. The many rivers, streams, ponds and lakes are for the pleasure and enjoyment of the leisure hours of urban dweller and rural inhabitant alike-boating, fishing, sailing and swimming come readily to mind. To the agriculturalist and industrialist it is often the cornerstone of their enterprises. To the environmentalist and naturalist it is the basis of the wetland and open water communities which provide the habitats for a wealth of flora and fauna. In the developing world the emphasis is very different. A spring, well, river or swamp is the basis of day-to-day survival for family, livestock and crops. Subsistence fishing is often the major source of protein. Freshwater may be the unwitting purveyor of disease but with good management this can be regulated and monitored. But Man by nature, is a selfish species who tends to have scant regard for the quality of life of future generations. The much publicised destruction of forests is a notorious example. Not so well-known is the pressure on one of the world's most fragile ecosystems, the wetlands.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 60 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Oil pollution of water |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : J. Kuiper |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 325 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400935730 |
A. Rorsch Member of the TNO Board of Management Like all living creatures man has from the very outset influenced the environment. Initially, the traces of human activity were hardly noticeable and so were their effects on the equilibrium of the ecosystem as such. However, as soon as man learned how to use tools, he was able to influence his surroundings more drastically, and to proliferate more rapidly. As a matter of fact that is the time when things went wrong, because a process was started off which was to continue with ever-increasing speed and on an ever increasing scale. The present condition of nature as a result of the activities of mankind is generally known. Whether it is an accident with a nuclear plant or the vanishing of tropical rain forests, acid deposition or the pollution of soil, water and air, environmental disasters almost seem to be the order of the day. It is striking that with all these - more or less arbitrary - examples the provision of energy plays a role. In this respect one can add an even more important energy carrier to the list, namely: crude oil.
| Author | : Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 408 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
Approximately 3 million gallons of oil or refined petroleum products are spilled into U.S. waters every year. Oil dispersants (chemical agents such as surfactants, solvents, and other compounds) are used to reduce the effect of oil spills by changing the chemical and physical properties of the oil. By enhancing the amount of oil that physically mixes into the water, dispersants can reduce the potential that a surface slick will contaminate shoreline habitats. Although called for in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 as a tool for minimizing the impact of oil spills, the use of chemical dispersants has long been controversial. This book reviews the adequacy of existing information and ongoing research regarding the effectiveness of dispersants as an oil spill response technique, as well as the effect of dispersed oil on marine and coastal ecosystems. Oil Spill Dispersants also includes recommended steps for policy makers faced with making hard choices regarding the use of dispersants as part of spill contingency planning efforts or during actual spills.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 247 |
| Release | : 2013-12-20 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 0309288487 |
As the Gulf of Mexico recovers from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, natural resource managers face the challenge of understanding the impacts of the spill and setting priorities for restoration work. The full value of losses resulting from the spill cannot be captured, however, without consideration of changes in ecosystem services-the benefits delivered to society through natural processes. An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico discusses the benefits and challenges associated with using an ecosystem services approach to damage assessment, describing potential impacts of response technologies, exploring the role of resilience, and offering suggestions for areas of future research. This report illustrates how this approach might be applied to coastal wetlands, fisheries, marine mammals, and the deep sea-each of which provide key ecosystem services in the Gulf-and identifies substantial differences among these case studies. The report also discusses the suite of technologies used in the spill response, including burning, skimming, and chemical dispersants, and their possible long-term impacts on ecosystem services.
| Author | : American Petroleum Institute |
| Publisher | : Hyperion Books |
| Total Pages | : 40 |
| Release | : 1980 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Steven A. Murawski |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 611 |
| Release | : 2019-06-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030116050 |
The demand for oil and gas has brought exploration and production to unprecedented depths of the world’s oceans. Currently, over 50% of the oil from the Gulf of Mexico now comes from waters in excess of 1,500 meters (one mile) deep, where no oil was produced just 20 years ago. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill blowout did much to change the perception of oil spills as coming just from tanker accidents, train derailments, and pipeline ruptures. In fact, beginning with the Ixtoc 1 spill off Campeche, Mexico in 1979-1980, there have been a series of large spill events originating at the sea bottom and creating a myriad of new environmental and well control challenges. This volume explores the physics, chemistry, sub-surface oil deposition and environmental impacts of deep oil spills. Key lessons learned from the responses to previous deep spills, as well as unresolved scientific questions for additional research are highlighted, all of which are appropriate for governmental regulators, politicians, industry decision-makers, first responders, researchers and students wanting an incisive overview of issues surrounding deep-water oil and gas production.
| Author | : S. P. Hunter |
| Publisher | : published under the auspices of the Environmental Studies Research Funds |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1994 |
| Genre | : Oil pollution of rivers, harbors, etc |
| ISBN | : 9780921652335 |
"This bibliography contains references retrieved from the scientific literature, describing the documented fate and effects of oil spills on marine and fresh water environments worldwide. It is based on and incorporates several earlier bibliographies, and is up-to-date to September 1993"--P. 1 of booklet.
