Fate And Effects Of Oil In The Sea PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Fate And Effects Of Oil In The Sea PDF full book. Access full book title Fate And Effects Of Oil In The Sea.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 278 |
Release | : 2003-03-14 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309084385 |
Download Oil in the Sea III Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Author | : Exxon Corporation. Public Affairs Department |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 20 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : Oil pollution of the sea |
ISBN | : |
Download Fate and Effects of Oil in the Sea Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 12 |
Release | : 1985 |
Genre | : Marine pollution |
ISBN | : |
Download Fate and Effects of Oil in the Sea Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Exxon |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1979 |
Genre | : Oil pollution in the sea |
ISBN | : |
Download Fate and Effects of Oil in the Sea Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Steven A. Murawski |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 611 |
Release | : 2019-06-29 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3030116050 |
Download Deep Oil Spills Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The demand for oil and gas has brought exploration and production to unprecedented depths of the world’s oceans. Currently, over 50% of the oil from the Gulf of Mexico now comes from waters in excess of 1,500 meters (one mile) deep, where no oil was produced just 20 years ago. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill blowout did much to change the perception of oil spills as coming just from tanker accidents, train derailments, and pipeline ruptures. In fact, beginning with the Ixtoc 1 spill off Campeche, Mexico in 1979-1980, there have been a series of large spill events originating at the sea bottom and creating a myriad of new environmental and well control challenges. This volume explores the physics, chemistry, sub-surface oil deposition and environmental impacts of deep oil spills. Key lessons learned from the responses to previous deep spills, as well as unresolved scientific questions for additional research are highlighted, all of which are appropriate for governmental regulators, politicians, industry decision-makers, first responders, researchers and students wanting an incisive overview of issues surrounding deep-water oil and gas production.
Author | : Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 408 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : |
Download Oil Spill Dispersants Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Approximately 3 million gallons of oil or refined petroleum products are spilled into U.S. waters every year. Oil dispersants (chemical agents such as surfactants, solvents, and other compounds) are used to reduce the effect of oil spills by changing the chemical and physical properties of the oil. By enhancing the amount of oil that physically mixes into the water, dispersants can reduce the potential that a surface slick will contaminate shoreline habitats. Although called for in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 as a tool for minimizing the impact of oil spills, the use of chemical dispersants has long been controversial. This book reviews the adequacy of existing information and ongoing research regarding the effectiveness of dispersants as an oil spill response technique, as well as the effect of dispersed oil on marine and coastal ecosystems. Oil Spill Dispersants also includes recommended steps for policy makers faced with making hard choices regarding the use of dispersants as part of spill contingency planning efforts or during actual spills.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 619 |
Release | : 1985-01-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309034795 |
Download Oil in the Sea Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This comprehensive volume follows up and expands on an earlier National Academy of Sciences book. It is the result of an intensive multidisciplinary effort to assess the problems relating to petroleum-derived hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Specifically, it examines the inputs, analytical methods, fates, and effects of petroleum in the marine environment. The section on effects has been expanded significantly, reflecting the extensive scientific effort put forth in determining the effects of petroleum on marine organisms. Other topics discussed include petroleum contamination in specific geographical areas, the potential hazards of this contamination to human health, the impact of oil-related activities in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and the potential impact of petroleum on fisheries.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 341 |
Release | : 2020-04-24 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 0309478219 |
Download The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.
Author | : J. Kuiper |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 325 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9400935730 |
Download Fate and Effects of Oil in Marine Ecosystems Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A. Rorsch Member of the TNO Board of Management Like all living creatures man has from the very outset influenced the environment. Initially, the traces of human activity were hardly noticeable and so were their effects on the equilibrium of the ecosystem as such. However, as soon as man learned how to use tools, he was able to influence his surroundings more drastically, and to proliferate more rapidly. As a matter of fact that is the time when things went wrong, because a process was started off which was to continue with ever-increasing speed and on an ever increasing scale. The present condition of nature as a result of the activities of mankind is generally known. Whether it is an accident with a nuclear plant or the vanishing of tropical rain forests, acid deposition or the pollution of soil, water and air, environmental disasters almost seem to be the order of the day. It is striking that with all these - more or less arbitrary - examples the provision of energy plays a role. In this respect one can add an even more important energy carrier to the list, namely: crude oil.
Author | : Exxon Corporation |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 11 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : Marine pollution |
ISBN | : |
Download Fate and Effects of Oil in the Sea Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle