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| Author | : Richard H. Snape |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : Export subsidies |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Mr.Alexander W. Hoffmaister |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 1991-12-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1451855087 |
Recurring balance of payments crises in countries that pursued import substitution have led some of them to establish a variety of export incentives, in particular subsidies, as a way to revive and re-orient their economies. However, exporters are likely to be uncertain of the government’s commitment to export promotion because of the years of neglect. This paper analyzes the issue of the credibility of export subsidies and suggests that a government is able to convince exporters of its commitment only at a cost, which reduces the attractiveness of promoting exports by means of subsidies.
| Author | : Philippe De Baere |
| Publisher | : UN |
| Total Pages | : 56 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : |
This study focuses on export promotion schemes that developing countries may use without violating international trade rules. It examines the rules themselves ndash; the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures for industrial goods and the Agreement on Agriculture for agricultural products ndash; and looks at schemes currently in place in the developing world.
| Author | : Lorenzo Rotunno |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 61 |
| Release | : 2024-03 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
As governments resort to industrial policies to achieve economic and non-economic objectives, the number of subsidies implemented each year has more than tripled in the last decade. Using detailed data across a large number of advanced and emerging economies, we empirically investigate the effects of domestic subsidies on international trade flows. Estimates from a difference-in-difference specification show that on average subsidies promote both exports and imports. These effects are partly driven by selection into subsidies, as governments target export-oriented and import-competing products. The results however mask significant differences across countries. Specifically, exports of subsidized products from G20 emerging markets increase 8 percent more than exports of other products, with no evidence of selection. The gravity estimates confirm that subsidies promote international relative to domestic trade. These spillover effects are concentrated in some industries, such as electrical machinery, and are stronger when subsidies are given through tax breaks than other policy instruments. The subsidy-led rise in trade calls for international cooperation to manage risks of retaliatory actions and possible drifts towards a subsidy war.
| Author | : Alexander W. Hoffmaister |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 38 |
| Release | : 1991-10 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
This paper develops a model to estimate the effects of export subsidies on the supply of exports. Using data for Costa Rica over the 1980’s, it is shown that while the export subsidy scheme in operation led to an increase in exports, the direct fiscal costs of the scheme were quite large. Furthermore, the subsidy scheme led to a significant increase of imports. These results suggest that elimination of export subsidies would not have a particularly harmful effect on the trade balance, and would increase the fiscal position and generate economic efficiency besides.
| Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Procurement, Exports, and Business Opportunities |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 148 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : F. H. Rolf Seringhaus |
| Publisher | : London ; New York : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 1990 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
The first book to focus on global government export initiatives. It examines the role and impact of the programmes which have been established and assesses trends in government export promotions and its support.
| Author | : Gary Clyde Hufbauer |
| Publisher | : MIT Press (MA) |
| Total Pages | : 312 |
| Release | : 1984 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
This book seeks to explain and analyze both the concepts underlying the subsidy problem and the most important of the issues involved.
| Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Procurement, Exports, and Business Opportunities |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Gurwinder Singh |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 360 |
| Release | : 2017-09-04 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 3319624229 |
This book analyses subsidies from various perspectives and creates a model that determines whether or not their use is justified. Further, it analyses the various causes of trade distortion, trade-discriminatory practices, and other issues associated with unregulated subsidies. In addition, the book considers how these issues fall within the scope of subsidies described under the SCM Agreement. The primary discussion from the perspective of WTO objective concerns the trade practice of awarding subsidies, for exports and also for protectionist purposes. Here, the terms justifiable and non-justifiable are used as hypothetical parameters to determine the extent of state support, considering the country classification based on economic and technological criteria, and their objectives for development. These parameters are distinct from Prohibited, Actionable, and Non-Actionable subsidies, as classified under the SCM Agreement. Subsidies awarded for the purposes of development and for welfare are considered as justifiable, whereas subsidies for the promotion of exports or state measures adopted for protectionist purposes are non-justifiable. Lastly, the book addresses the implications of such subsidies on the core objectives of the WTO and in connection with fair trade values.
