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Explaining Knowledge

Explaining Knowledge
Author: Rodrigo Borges
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 431
Release: 2017-11-24
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0191036838

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The Gettier Problem has shaped most of the fundamental debates in epistemology for more than fifty years. Before Edmund Gettier published his famous 1963 paper, it was generally presumed that knowledge was equivalent to true belief supported by adequate evidence. Gettier presented a powerful challenge to that presumption. This led to the development and refinement of many prominent epistemological theories, for example, defeasibility theories, causal theories, conclusive-reasons theories, tracking theories, epistemic virtue theories, and knowledge-first theories. The debate about the appropriate use of intuition to provide evidence in all areas of philosophy began as a debate about the epistemic status of the 'Gettier intuition'. The differing accounts of epistemic luck are all rooted in responses to the Gettier Problem. The discussions about the role of false beliefs in the production of knowledge are directly traceable to Gettier's paper, as are the debates between fallibilists and infallibilists. Indeed, it is fair to say that providing a satisfactory response to the Gettier Problem has become a litmus test of any adequate account of knowledge even those accounts that hold that the Gettier Problem rests on mistakes of various sorts. This volume presents a collection of essays by twenty-six experts, including some of the most influential philosophers of our time, on the various issues that arise from Gettier's challenge to the analysis of knowledge. Explaining Knowledge sets the agenda for future work on the central problem of epistemology.


Explaining Knowledge

Explaining Knowledge
Author: Rodrigo Borges
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 400
Release: 2017-12-01
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 019103682X

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The Gettier Problem has shaped most of the fundamental debates in epistemology for more than fifty years. Before Edmund Gettier published his famous 1963 paper, it was generally presumed that knowledge was equivalent to true belief supported by adequate evidence. Gettier presented a powerful challenge to that presumption. This led to the development and refinement of many prominent epistemological theories, for example, defeasibility theories, causal theories, conclusive-reasons theories, tracking theories, epistemic virtue theories, and knowledge-first theories. The debate about the appropriate use of intuition to provide evidence in all areas of philosophy began as a debate about the epistemic status of the 'Gettier intuition'. The differing accounts of epistemic luck are all rooted in responses to the Gettier Problem. The discussions about the role of false beliefs in the production of knowledge are directly traceable to Gettier's paper, as are the debates between fallibilists and infallibilists. Indeed, it is fair to say that providing a satisfactory response to the Gettier Problem has become a litmus test of any adequate account of knowledge even those accounts that hold that the Gettier Problem rests on mistakes of various sorts. This volume presents a collection of essays by twenty-six experts, including some of the most influential philosophers of our time, on the various issues that arise from Gettier's challenge to the analysis of knowledge. Explaining Knowledge sets the agenda for future work on the central problem of epistemology.


Understanding "Knowledge", The Essential Approach To Teaching & Learning: Case Studies Of Pre-universities In Singapore

Understanding
Author: Chiam Ching Leen
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 404
Release: 2018-01-03
Genre: Education
ISBN: 981322052X

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This pioneering text contributes to the theory and practice of teaching and learning. The purpose is to unlock how key stakeholders of the spectrum of pre-universities in Singapore make sense of "knowledge" and "knowledge work," and endeavour to determine how their understanding of "knowledge" shapes their understanding of "knowledge work" and the conditions that affect their knowledge work. This monograph contributes in a most productive fashion to the necessary educational debates on teaching and learning, which quickly segue into pragmatic political debates about what sort of society and global community we desire. Using three widely diverse pre-university settings in Singapore as case studies, this book seeks to fill the existing gap by elucidating educators' and students' identification of knowledge, knowledge work and the problems and challenges confronting knowledge work. Contents: IntroductionMethodology/ Research ProceduresLiterature ReviewThe OrgPoly Case StudyThe OrgJC Case StudyThe VocInst Case StudyAnalysing the Three Case Studies Discussion and ImplicationsConclusion and Direction Readership: School administrators, educators and researchers focusing on the significance of values on educational practices, and the theory and practice of teaching and learning. Keywords: Knowledge;Epistemic;Teaching and Learning;Singapore;Pre-University;Educator;Student;Case StudyReview: Key Features: This is a pioneering text that delves into the knowledge work at pre-universities in SingaporeThe findings that are presented as three multi-case studies (based on findings gathered from 56 interviews, supplemented by surveys, field notes and reflections obtained from classroom observations and document records) in Singapore's pre-universities serve as evidence that shows the close interrelationships between the values and related educational practices in each site, which both enable and constrain thinking about and engagement in knowledge workIt is apparent that the epistemic positions are embedded in institutional cultures, and hence can only be understood adequately only if they are studied in the context of its carriers (the teachers and students themselves and the processes in the schools) and the interaction of those carriers with the larger social environment. Major implications that flow from this study's findings is discussed in the book


Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge

Understanding, Explanation, and Scientific Knowledge
Author: Kareem Khalifa
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2017-10-05
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1107195632

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The first comprehensive exploration of the nature and value of understanding, addressing burgeoning debates in epistemology and philosophy of science.


A Tutors' understanding of the Characteristics of Science Knowledge. A Guide in Classroom Practice

A Tutors' understanding of the Characteristics of Science Knowledge. A Guide in Classroom Practice
Author: Patrick Okec
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 27
Release: 2023-06-02
Genre: Education
ISBN: 3346883043

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Document from the year 2020 in the subject Didactics - Common Didactics, Educational Objectives, Methods, , language: English, abstract: Today science teaching and learning is among other points of focus in educational research worldwide. This is because low students’ achievement in science educational programs has remained a great concern for all and for a long time and science literate individuals make greater contributions towards development. In response, Uganda government among other strategies recommended paying higher salaries to all her scientists’ employees. Students’ science performance in northern Uganda primary teachers’ colleges persistently remained low for a long time in spite of several efforts made for improvement. Good science teaching which improves performance demands for a graduate teachers’ full understanding of characteristics of science knowledge. Characteristics of science refers to different ways by which science knowledge or information can be explained or described correctly, for example, science knowledge is subjective and tentative. This study therefore investigated levels of tutors’ understanding of characteristics of science knowledge, their educational qualifications and year one and two students’ performance in Kyambogo University promotional and final 2017 and 2018 science education examinations results. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated tutors have recommended qualifications but lack understanding of characteristics of science knowledge and students’ performance is also low. The condition requires Kyambogo University to ensure immediate integration of science tutors’ training curriculum with the framework of ideas of characteristics of science knowledge. In addition, education managers should organize and plan for workshop training for tutors on characteristics of science knowledge.


Knowledge from a Human Point of View

Knowledge from a Human Point of View
Author: Ana-Maria Crețu
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 164
Release: 2019-11-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030270416

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This open access book – as the title suggests – explores some of the historical roots and epistemological ramifications of perspectivism. Perspectivism has recently emerged in philosophy of science as an interesting new position in the debate between scientific realism and anti-realism. But there is a lot more to perspectivism than discussions in philosophy of science so far have suggested. Perspectivism is a much broader view that emphasizes how our knowledge (in particular our scientific knowledge of nature) is situated; it is always from a human vantage point (as opposed to some Nagelian "view from nowhere"). This edited collection brings together a diverse team of established and early career scholars across a variety of fields (from the history of philosophy to epistemology and philosophy of science). The resulting nine essays trace some of the seminal ideas of perspectivism back to Kant, Nietzsche, the American Pragmatists, and Putnam, while the second part of the book tackles issues concerning the relation between perspectivism, relativism, and standpoint theories, and the implications of perspectivism for epistemological debates about veritism, epistemic normativity and the foundations of human knowledge.


Knowledge and the Gettier Problem

Knowledge and the Gettier Problem
Author: Stephen Hetherington
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 255
Release: 2016-09
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1107149568

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This book enriches our understanding of knowledge and Gettier's challenge, stimulating debate on a central epistemological issue.


Explaining the Growth of Scientific Knowledge

Explaining the Growth of Scientific Knowledge
Author: Daniel Rothbart
Publisher: Edwin Mellen Press
Total Pages: 192
Release: 1997
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN:

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This study explains scientific progress through analogical cross-fertilization of ideas between distinct physical systems. In many cases, progress can be generatedfrom a radically new juxtaposition of apparently incongruous physical systems.


How People Learn II

How People Learn II
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 347
Release: 2018-09-27
Genre: Education
ISBN: 0309459672

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There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy. In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom. Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults.