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Asset Pricing

Asset Pricing
Author: John H. Cochrane
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 560
Release: 2009-04-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1400829135

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Winner of the prestigious Paul A. Samuelson Award for scholarly writing on lifelong financial security, John Cochrane's Asset Pricing now appears in a revised edition that unifies and brings the science of asset pricing up to date for advanced students and professionals. Cochrane traces the pricing of all assets back to a single idea--price equals expected discounted payoff--that captures the macro-economic risks underlying each security's value. By using a single, stochastic discount factor rather than a separate set of tricks for each asset class, Cochrane builds a unified account of modern asset pricing. He presents applications to stocks, bonds, and options. Each model--consumption based, CAPM, multifactor, term structure, and option pricing--is derived as a different specification of the discounted factor. The discount factor framework also leads to a state-space geometry for mean-variance frontiers and asset pricing models. It puts payoffs in different states of nature on the axes rather than mean and variance of return, leading to a new and conveniently linear geometrical representation of asset pricing ideas. Cochrane approaches empirical work with the Generalized Method of Moments, which studies sample average prices and discounted payoffs to determine whether price does equal expected discounted payoff. He translates between the discount factor, GMM, and state-space language and the beta, mean-variance, and regression language common in empirical work and earlier theory. The book also includes a review of recent empirical work on return predictability, value and other puzzles in the cross section, and equity premium puzzles and their resolution. Written to be a summary for academics and professionals as well as a textbook, this book condenses and advances recent scholarship in financial economics.


Intertemporal Asset Pricing

Intertemporal Asset Pricing
Author: Bernd Meyer
Publisher: Physica
Total Pages: 287
Release: 2011-12-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9783642586736

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In the mid-eighties Mehra and Prescott showed that the risk premium earned by American stocks cannot reasonably be explained by conventional capital market models. Using time additive utility, the observed risk pre mium can only be explained by unrealistically high risk aversion parameters. This phenomenon is well known as the equity premium puzzle. Shortly aft erwards it was also observed that the risk-free rate is too low relative to the observed risk premium. This essay is the first one to analyze these puzzles in the German capital market. It starts with a thorough discussion of the available theoretical mod els and then goes on to perform various empirical studies on the German capital market. After discussing natural properties of the pricing kernel by which future cash flows are translated into securities prices, various multi period equilibrium models are investigated for their implied pricing kernels. The starting point is a representative investor who optimizes his invest ment and consumption policy over time. One important implication of time additive utility is the identity of relative risk aversion and the inverse in tertemporal elasticity of substitution. Since this identity is at odds with reality, the essay goes on to discuss recursive preferences which violate the expected utility principle but allow to separate relative risk aversion and intertemporal elasticity of substitution.


Financial Markets and the Real Economy

Financial Markets and the Real Economy
Author: John H. Cochrane
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Total Pages: 117
Release: 2005
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1933019158

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Financial Markets and the Real Economy reviews the current academic literature on the macroeconomics of finance.


International Asset Pricing Under Habit Formation and Idiosyncratic Consumption Risk

International Asset Pricing Under Habit Formation and Idiosyncratic Consumption Risk
Author: Yuming Li
Publisher:
Total Pages: 56
Release: 2003
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper presents a consumption-based asset pricing model to explain the equity premium and riskfree puzzles as well as the predictability of returns in the international equity markets. We find that because the model entails idiosyncratic consumption risk which is higher than the aggregate consumption risk, the model helps lower the investor risk aversion needed to explain the mean equity premiums. In addition, because the model also allows for habit formation that disentangles intertemporal substitution from investor risk aversion, the model can resolve the riskfree rate puzzle. Further, as the timevarying individual investor risk aversion and the re-distribution of wealth among heterogeneous investors are contributing factors to the time-varying equity premiums, the model explains larger portions of the long-horizon predictability for many countries' equity markets and the world market portfolio than the world representative-agent model. In contrast, the power utility model with or without idiosyncratic consumption risk fails to explain the level of the real riskfree rate or the predictability of returns.


Revisiting Asset Pricing with Uncertainty in Future Preferences

Revisiting Asset Pricing with Uncertainty in Future Preferences
Author: Mark Clements
Publisher:
Total Pages: 69
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:

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We demonstrate that uncertainty about future preferences is of first-order importance for understanding the history of aggregate asset prices. Our analysis shows that simply relaxing the assumption of deterministic aggregate elasticity of intertemporal substitution and relative risk aversion can resolve a large array of aggregate asset pricing puzzles. These puzzles include the high equity premium, low risk-free rate, and the predictability (and nonpredictability) relationships among price-dividend ratios, excess returns, and consumption or dividend growth. Our model also generates time variation of dividend yields, risk premia, excess return volatilities, and Sharpe ratios, as well as an upward-sloping real yield curve.


Intertemporal Asset Pricing Without Consumption Data

Intertemporal Asset Pricing Without Consumption Data
Author: John Y. Campbell
Publisher:
Total Pages: 35
Release: 1992
Genre: Capital assets pricing model
ISBN:

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This paper proposes a new way to generalize the insights of static asset pricing theory to a multi-period setting. The paper uses a loglinear approximation to the budget constraint to substitute out consumption from a standard intertemporal asset pricing model. In a homoskedastic lognormal selling, the consumption-wealth ratio is shown to depend on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption, while asset risk premia are determined by the coefficient of relative risk aversion. Risk premia are related to the covariances of asset returns with the market return and with news about the discounted value of all future market returns.


Revisiting Asset Pricing with Uncertainty in Future Risk Aversion

Revisiting Asset Pricing with Uncertainty in Future Risk Aversion
Author: Christian L. Goulding
Publisher:
Total Pages: 42
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:

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In asset pricing models, the indirect synchronizations of changes in time-varying relative risk aversion (RRA) with changes in elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) and/or changes in consumption growth are overlooked confounding factors that limit our understanding of the role of time-varying RRA in asset pricing. I isolate away time-varying RRA from the confounders of perfectly synchronized changes in EIS and consumption growth and from other complexities. Holding EIS fixed under recursive utility and relaxing perfect correlation between RRA and consumption growth, I show that rare and short-lived stochastic shifts in RRA can explain major empirical asset pricing facts.