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Exercise and the Effects of Off-task Time Behavior During Academic Time Among Children with Disabilities

Exercise and the Effects of Off-task Time Behavior During Academic Time Among Children with Disabilities
Author: Morgan L. Wood
Publisher:
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2019
Genre: Children with mental disabilities
ISBN:

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BACKGROUND: Physical activity participation has decreased, especially for the special education community. With no time for exercise, or the proper exercise, on task time for children with intellectual disabilities can be a very challenging time. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a physical activity program (i.e., yoga) on the total number of off-task behaviors and total time on-task for children with I.D. during their academic period. METHODS: On task time data will be collected during control and experimental sessions. Statistical analysis will be conducted to determine if exercise before instructional time effects on task behavior for children with intellectual disabilities. RESULTS: Future research should continue to study the effects of yoga and off-task time behavior during academic time among children with I.D.


Enhancing Children's Cognition With Physical Activity Games

Enhancing Children's Cognition With Physical Activity Games
Author: Phillip D. Tomporowski
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2015-01-30
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1492584827

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There are plenty of books that help you use or create games that develop children’s physical skills, and it’s now widely accepted that physical activity can have a positive effect on academic achievement. But this is the first book that shows you how to tailor physical activity games specifically to enhance children’s cognitive abilities. Enhancing Children’s Cognition with Physical Activity Games, written by three authorities in teacher education, exercise physiology, and sport science, shows you how to apply current concepts in child development, cognitive science, physical education, and teacher training to create movement-based learning experiences that benefit children both physically and mentally. You will be guided in creating environments that lend themselves to cognitive development and enhanced academic achievement. And you will understand not only how to create games to foster cognitive development but why such games are so useful in developing the whole child. Enhancing Children’s Cognition with Physical Activity Games offers the following features: •Two chapters of sample games, one for preschoolers and kindergarteners, the other for elementary school children •Expert guidance in creating your own games for children ages 3 to 12, with an emphasis on developmental ranges of 3 to 7 and 7 to 12 •A practice-oriented model of teacher education that shows you how you can best develop and implement physical activity games that support both motor and cognitive development The book contains a running glossary to help teachers and students understand the terms used. It also discusses several models of 21st-century learning, highlighting the role that physical activity games play in a comprehensive education. Enhancing Children’s Cognition With Physical Activity Games is equally useful for teachers working with children in school, before school, or after school and for program directors working with children in community programs. The authors link their application to research, creating a practical reference for professionals in the field, whatever their setting. The book is presented in three parts. Part I grounds you in the research that shows how physical activity affects children’s mental development. You will learn how physical activity benefits children’s cognition and academics, how movement games help children think and learn, and how to create a motivational environment where children want to learn. Part II helps you translate research into practice. You will explore how movements create mental maps and affect mental health, how to engage children in playful learning, and how to incorporate physical activity into your teaching and enhance your teaching models. You will also consider how to assess children at play—how to collect data and know when your program is being effective—and how to apply physical activity games in both the home and the community. In part III, you are supplied with games for preschoolers, kindergartners, and elementary school children. You’ll find games that emphasize three principles: contextual interference, mental control, and discovery. Each chapter concludes with practical implications for teachers, helping you to put into context the information you have come across in that chapter. Enhancing Children’s Cognition with Physical Activity Games helps educators create, design, implement, and evaluate problem-solving games that foster children’s mental engagement and thoughtful decision making. Kids are highly motivated by problem-solving games, and the cognitive skills they develop in solving those problems can be translated to their academic success.


Educating the Student Body

Educating the Student Body
Author: Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 503
Release: 2013-11-13
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309283140

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Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.


The Effects of an After School Program on Leisure Time Physical Activity Behavior of Adolescents with Visual Impairments

The Effects of an After School Program on Leisure Time Physical Activity Behavior of Adolescents with Visual Impairments
Author: Carlos M. Cervantes
Publisher:
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2009
Genre: After-school programs
ISBN:

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an after school physical activity program on the duration and intensity of leisure time physical activity behavior within social cognitive theory in adolescents with visual impairments. Four adolescents with visual impairments attending a Midwestern residential school for the blind served as participants. The study implemented a range bound changing criterion design and physical activity behavior was measured through the use of ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers. In addition to physical activity, questionnaires were used to collect data (i.e., change score) on selected social cognitive theory constructs. Data were analyzed through visual analysis and descriptive statistics. Results showed that the intervention exerted functional control over the target behavior (i.e., time spent in a bout of leisure time physical activity). In addition, changes in time spent in total leisure time physical activity suggest that the intervention had positive effects on participants' physical activity behavior. Similarly, changes in scores for selected social cognitive constructs, in particular for outcome expectancy value, may suggest a positive relationship between those constructs and physical activity behavior. With the paucity of physical activity research among youth with visual impairments and the continuous national efforts to promote physical activity among children and adolescents with disabilities, additional physical activity intervention research is warranted.


Positive Behavior Management in Physical Activity Settings

Positive Behavior Management in Physical Activity Settings
Author: Barry W. Lavay
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Total Pages: 296
Release: 2015-12-04
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1492585688

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It’s never been more challenging to manage behavior and motivate students in a physical activity setting. There are more at-risk children and students with disabilities to manage. Physical activity professionals also face the unique challenge of providing instruction to large groups with limited resources and distractions galore. If not handled correctly, these challenges can quickly add up to chaos, ineffective instruction, and frustrated, burnt-out physical activity professionals. That’s where the third edition of Positive Behavior Management in Physical Activity Settings, Third Edition comes in. This resource will help you not only overcome those and other discipline challenges, but also use tried-and-true, positive techniques to develop appropriate and responsible behaviors and good character among all learners. This new edition incorporates principles, methods, and instructional practices from psychology, special education, pedagogy, recreation, athletics, and coaching. It shows teachers, coaches, and recreation leaders how to apply the principles that have proven effective in schools, youth sport programs, and recreation sites. Positive Behavior Management in Physical Activity Settings offers this new material: • A new chapter on bullying, providing up-to-date information to help you recognize and manage such behavior within your group • A new chapter on children with special needs, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, traumatic brain injury, and behavioral/emotional disabilities • A new chapter on behavior management ethics and professionalism, to help those who are preparing to be physical activity professionals at the pre-service and in-service levels • New sections on motivating children who are overweight or obese, using the latest research to help you to encourage them to participate Also new to this edition are an instructor guide and a web resource. The instructor guide offers different sample syllabi, showing various ways to teach the course; sample assignments; answers to chapter review questions; suggested further readings; and useful websites and apps. The web resource supplies behavior management scenarios, sample forms (checklists, rubrics, certificates, worksheets) from the chapters, instructions for designing an Applied Behavior Analysis graph and a trifold display, useful websites and apps, and a glossary by chapter. This text provides you with evidence-based strategies in managing special needs populations, including designing a positive behavioral support (PBS) model and a behavioral intervention plan (BIP), as well as information on response to intervention (RTI). The authors have added a fourth section to this new edition. Part I details the challenges that professionals face in developing a positive learning environment, and shows readers how to be proactive in doing so. Part II outlines the interventions that physical activity professionals have successfully used in a variety of settings. This part includes chapters that discuss behavioral, humanistic, and biophysical approaches. The final chapter in this section addresses how to evaluate the behavior intervention. Part III explores behavior management with various populations, and offers the new chapters on bullying and on special needs children. In part IV, the authors discuss ethical and professional behavior of physical activity professionals relative to the application of behavior management techniques used with children and youth with a focus on professionalism. The final chapter will synthesize the information presented in this text and assist the reader to take the appropriate steps needed to develop a working, teaching, and behavior management portfolio. GUIDANCE TO MOTIVATE CHILDREN Positive Behavior Management in Physical Activity offers current and future K-12 physical educators, coaches, recreation specialists, and adapted physical education specialists guidance in motivating young people. You will learn how to manage behavior and create a physical activity environment that is conducive to performance and learning—and that is designed to empower children rather than control their behavior.


Effects of the HealthMPowers Exercise DVD Program on the Behavior of Disruptive Students in a Fourth Grade Classroom

Effects of the HealthMPowers Exercise DVD Program on the Behavior of Disruptive Students in a Fourth Grade Classroom
Author: Christine D. Brooks
Publisher:
Total Pages: 58
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

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ABSTRACT: Results indicated that off-task performance stabilized for most students during the third week of baseline and decreased by an average of 13% during the seven weeks that the exercise and head-down interventions were in use. Although the mean decrease in off-task behavior for the exercise intervention was slightly greater, it was not notably different from the head-down procedure.


Academic Skills Problems

Academic Skills Problems
Author: Edward S. Shapiro
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Total Pages: 570
Release: 2023-06-30
Genre: Education
ISBN: 146255119X

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"Now in a revised and expanded fifth edition that reflects current research and best practices in direct assessment and intervention, this text addresses a perennial need for school practitioners and practitioners in training. Presented is a comprehensive, problem-solving-based approach for working with K-12 students who are struggling with reading, writing, or mathematics. The book provides a framework for evaluating the instructional environment as well as each student's context and unique learning needs; planning instructional modifications; and monitoring progress. The companion workbook, available separately, contains practice exercises and reproducible forms. Subject areas/key words: school psychology texts, assessing, curriculum-based, evaluations, measurement, measures, testing, observation, reading, mathematics, writing, multi-tiered systems of support, MTSS, RTI, learning disabilities, difficulties, struggling readers, students, handbooks Audience: School psychologists, K-12 school administrators, special educators, and classroom teachers; graduate students and researchers in these fields. Together with the companion workbook, will serve as a text in graduate-level courses on academic assessment and intervention"--


International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders

International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Author: Johnny L. Matson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 560
Release: 2011-06-16
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1441980652

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Since the early 1940s, when first identified as childhood psychosis and autistic psychopathy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has continued to burgeon into a major focus of inquiry and interest among researchers, practitioners, and the public alike. With each passing decade, the number of scholarly articles addressing ASD and related disabilities continues to soar. Today, thousands of papers on autism are published annually across various disciplines and journals, making it challenging – if not impossible – to keep pace with, let alone synthesize, all the latest developments. Based on a solid historical foundation of autism theory and research, the International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders integrates the broad scholarly base of literature with a trenchant analysis of the state of the field in nosology, etiology, assessment, and treatment. Its expert contributors examine recent findings and controversies (e.g., how prevalent autism actually is), along with longstanding topics of interest as well as emerging issues. Coverage includes: A survey of diagnostic criteria and assessment strategies. Genetic, behavioral, biopsychosocial, and cognitive models. Psychiatric disorders in persons with ASD. Theory of mind and facial recognition. Diagnostic instruments for assessing core features and challenging behaviors. Evidence-based psychosocial, pharmacological, and integrative treatments. Interventions specifically for adults with ASD. Training issues for professionals and parents. A review of findings of successful and promising therapies, coupled with guidance on how to distinguish between dubious and effective treatments. The International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders is an indispensable resource for researchers, professors, graduate students, and allied practitioners in clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, education, social work, rehabilitation, pediatric medicine, and developmental psychology.