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Excellent Surface Passivation for High Efficiency C-Si Solar Cells

Excellent Surface Passivation for High Efficiency C-Si Solar Cells
Author: Sara Bakhshi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 91
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:

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Semiconductor surface clean is sometimes perceived as costly but long recognized as pivotal in determining the final semiconductor device performance and yield. In this contribution, we investigated the effectiveness of crystalline silicon surface cleaning by a simple UV-ozone process in comparison to the industry standard RCA clean for silicon photovoltaic applications. We present a unique method of processing the silicon surface effectively by UV-ozone cleaning. Despite being simple, UV-ozone cleaning results in a superior surface passivation quality that is comparable to high-quality RCA clean. When used as a stack dielectric--UV-ozone oxide overlaid by aluminum oxide--the thickness of UV-ozone oxide plays an important role in determining the passivation quality. Of all treatment times, 15 min of UV-ozone treatment results in an outstanding passivation quality, achieving the effective carrier lifetime of 3 ms and saturation current density of 5 fA/cm2. In addition, we present a simple and effective technique to extract values of electron/hole capture cross-section for the purpose of analyzing the interface passivation quality from already measured surface recombination parameters of saturation current density, interfacial trap density and total fixed charge, instead of measuring on the separately prepared metal-insulated-semiconductor (MIS) samples by the techniques: frequency-dependent parallel conductance or deep-level transient spectroscopy.


Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Author: W.R. Fahrner
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2006-08-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3038131024

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The world of today must face up to two contradictory energy problems: on the one hand, there is the sharply growing consumer demand in countries such as China and India. On the other hand, natural resources are dwindling. Moreover, many of those countries which still possess substantial gas and oil supplies are politically unstable. As a result, renewable natural energy sources have received great attention. Among these, solar-cell technology is one of the most promising candidates. However, there still remains the problem of the manufacturing costs of such cells. Many attempts have been made to reduce the production costs of “conventional” solar cells (manufactured from monocrystalline silicon using diffusion methods) by instead using cheaper grades of silicon, and simpler pn-junction fabrication. That is the ‘hero’ of this book; the heterojunction solar cell.


High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells

High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells
Author: Martin A. Green
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Total Pages: 240
Release: 1987-01-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3035739641

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The early chapters comprehensively review the optical and transport properties of silicon. Light trapping is described in detail. Limits on the efficiency of silicon cells are discussed as well as material requirements necessary to approach these limits. The status of current approaches to passifying surfaces, contacts and bulk regions is reviewed. The final section of the book describes the most practical approaches to the fabrication of high-efficiency cells capable of meeting the efficiency targets for both concentrated and non-concentrated sunlight, including a discussion of design and processing approaches for non-crystalline silicon.


Surface Passivation of Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Surface Passivation of Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Author: Joachim John
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology
Total Pages: 289
Release: 2018-07-31
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1785612468

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This timely, comprehensive work on solar cell surface passivation will collect and convey the scientific and technological progress provided by universities, research institutes and companies to implement dielectric passivation layers into the solar cell manufacturing process for c-Si solar cells. With a focus on industrial manufacturing it will comprehensively cover all promising techniques and describe the process from material research to full production implementation of dielectric layers for silicon solar cell passivation.


Heterojunction Solar Cells (a-Si/c-Si)

Heterojunction Solar Cells (a-Si/c-Si)
Author: Thomas Mueller
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2009
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3832522913

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The main focus of the present work is related to the optimization of heterojunction solar cells. The key roles in obtaining high efficient heterojunction solar cells are mainly the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of very low defect layers, and the sufficient surface passivation of all interfaces. In heterojunction solar cells, the a-Si: H/c-Si hetero-interface is of significant importance, since the hetero-interface characteristics directly affect the junction properties and thus solar cell efficiency. In this work, the deposition and film properties of various hydrogenated amorphous silicon alloys, such as a-SiC: H, a-SiO_x: H, and muc-Si: H (standard a-Si: H is used as reference), are employed. Special attention is paid to (i) the front and back surface passivation of the bulk material by high-quality wide-gap amorphous silicon suboxides (a-SiO_x: H), and (ii) the influence of wide-gap high-quality a-Si- and muc-Si-based alloys for use as emitter and back-surface-


High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Author: Eun-Chel Cho
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 90
Release: 2021-01-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3039436295

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This book is composed of 6 papers. The first paper reports a novel technique for the selective emitter formation by controlling the surface morphology of Si wafers. Selective emitter (SE) technology has attracted renewed attention in the Si solar cell industry to achieve an improved conversion efficiency of passivated-emitter rear-contact (PERC) cells. In the second paper, the temperature dependence of the parameters was compared through the PERC of the industrial-scale solar cells. As a result of their analysis, PERC cells showed different temperature dependence for the fill factor loss as temperatures rose. The third paper reports the effects of carrier selective front contact layer and defect state of hydrogenated amorphous silicon passivation layer/n-type crystalline silicon interface. The results demonstrated the effects of band offset determined by band bending at the interface of the passivation layer and carrier selective front contact layer. In addition, the nc-SiOx: H CSFC layer not only reduces parasitic absorption loss but also has a tunneling effect and field-effect passivation. The fourth paper reports excimer laser annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon film for TOPCon solar cell application. This paper analyzes the crystallization of a-Si:H via excimer laser annealing (ELA) and compared this process with conventional thermal annealing. The fifth paper reports the contact mechanism between Ag–Al and Si and the change in contact resistance (Rc) by varying the firing profile. Rc was measured by varying the belt speed and peak temperature of the fast-firing furnace. The sixth paper reports a silicon tandem heterojunction solar cell based on a ZnO/Cu2O subcell and a c-Si bottom subcell using electro-optical numerical modeling. The buffer layer affinity and mobility together with a low conduction band offset for the heterojunction are discussed, as well as spectral properties of the device model.


Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design

Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 578
Release: 2021-08-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119724708

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Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert light photons into electricity in photovoltaic energy conversion and can help to overcome the global energy crisis. Solar cells have many applications including remote area power systems, earth-orbiting satellites, wristwatches, water pumping, photodetectors and remote radiotelephones. Solar cell technology is economically feasible for commercial-scale power generation. While commercial solar cells exhibit good performance and stability, still researchers are looking at many ways to improve the performance and cost of solar cells via modulating the fundamental properties of semiconductors. Solar cell technology is the key to a clean energy future. Solar cells directly harvest energy from the sun’s light radiation into electricity are in an ever-growing demand for future global energy production. Solar cell-based energy harvesting has attracted worldwide attention for their notable features, such as cheap renewable technology, scalable, lightweight, flexibility, versatility, no greenhouse gas emission, environment, and economy friendly and operational costs are quite low compared to other forms of power generation. Thus, solar cell technology is at the forefront of renewable energy technologies which are used in telecommunications, power plants, small devices to satellites. Aiming at large-scale implementation can be manipulated by various types used in solar cell design and exploration of new materials towards improving performance and reducing cost. Therefore, in-depth knowledge about solar cell design is fundamental for those who wish to apply this knowledge and understanding in industries and academics. This book provides a comprehensive overview on solar cells and explores the history to evolution and present scenarios of solar cell design, classification, properties, various semiconductor materials, thin films, wafer-scale, transparent solar cells, and so on. It also includes solar cells’ characterization analytical tools, theoretical modeling, practices to enhance conversion efficiencies, applications and patents.


Electrochemistry of Silicon

Electrochemistry of Silicon
Author: Volker Lehmann
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2002-04-22
Genre: Science
ISBN:

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Silicon has been and will most probably continue to be the dominant material in semiconductor technology. Although the defect-free silicon single crystal is one of the best understood systems in materails science, its electrochemistry to many people is still a kind of "alchemy". This view is partly due to the interdisciplinary aspects of the topic: Physics meets chemistry at the silicon-electrolyte interface. This book gives a comprehensive overview of this important aspect of silicon technology as well as examples of applications ranging from photonic crystals to biochips. It will serve materials scientists as well as engineers involved in silicon technology as a quick reference with its more than 150 technical tables and diagrams and ca. 1000 references cited for easy access of the original literature.