Every Planar Map Is Four Colorable PDF Download

Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Every Planar Map Is Four Colorable PDF full book. Access full book title Every Planar Map Is Four Colorable.

Every Planar Map is Four Colorable

Every Planar Map is Four Colorable
Author: Kenneth I. Appel
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 760
Release: 1989
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0821851039

Download Every Planar Map is Four Colorable Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

In this volume, the authors present their 1972 proof of the celebrated Four Color Theorem in a detailed but self-contained exposition accessible to a general mathematical audience. An emended version of the authors' proof of the theorem, the book contains the full text of the supplements and checklists, which originally appeared on microfiche. The thiry-page introduction, intended for nonspecialists, provides some historical background of the theorem and details of the authors' proof. In addition, the authors have added an appendix which treats in much greater detail the argument for situations in which reducible configurations are immersed rather than embedded in triangulations. This result leads to a proof that four coloring can be accomplished in polynomial time.


Every Planar Map is Four Colorable

Every Planar Map is Four Colorable
Author: Kenneth I. Appel
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 762
Release: 1989-12-31
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9780821854310

Download Every Planar Map is Four Colorable Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

In this volume, the authors present their 1972 proof of the celebrated Four Color Theorem in a detailed but self-contained exposition accessible to a general mathematical audience. An emended version of the authors' proof of the theorem, the book contains the full text of the supplements and checklists, which originally appeared on microfiche. The thiry-page introduction, intended for nonspecialists, provides some historical background of the theorem and details of the authors' proof. In addition, the authors have added an appendix which treats in much greater detail the argument for situations in which reducible configurations are immersed rather than embedded in triangulations. This result leads to a proof that four coloring can be accomplished in polynomial time.


The Four-Color Theorem

The Four-Color Theorem
Author: Rudolf Fritsch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 269
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1461217202

Download The Four-Color Theorem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

This book discusses a famous problem that helped to define the field now known as topology: What is the minimum number of colors required to print a map so that no two adjoining countries have the same color? This problem remained unsolved until the 1950s, when it was finally cracked using a computer. This book discusses the history and mathematics of the problem, as well as the philosophical debate which ensued, regarding the validity of computer generated proofs.


The Four-color Problem

The Four-color Problem
Author: Thomas L. Saaty
Publisher:
Total Pages: 217
Release: 1986
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9780486650920

Download The Four-color Problem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle


Four Colours Suffice

Four Colours Suffice
Author: Robin J. Wilson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 292
Release: 2003
Genre: History
ISBN:

Download Four Colours Suffice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

The four-colour problem was one of the most famous and controversial conundrums ever known, and stumped thousands of puzzlers for over a century. It sounded simple- what is the least number of colours needed to fill in any map, so that neighbouring countries are always coloured differently? However, it would take over a hundred years for amateur problem-solvers and mathematicians alike to answer the question first posed by Francis Guthrie in 1852. And, even when a solution was finally found using computers, debate raged over whether this technology could ever provide the proof that traditional pen-and-paper calculations could. This is the gripping story of the race to solve the riddle - a tale of dedicated puzzlers, mind-boggling maps, human ingenuity and the great rhombicuboctahedron


The Four-Color Problem

The Four-Color Problem
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 277
Release: 2011-08-29
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0080873391

Download The Four-Color Problem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

The Four-Color Problem


Mathematics Today Twelve Informal Essays

Mathematics Today Twelve Informal Essays
Author: L.A. Steen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 365
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 146139435X

Download Mathematics Today Twelve Informal Essays Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

The objective of the present book of essays is to convey to the intelligent nonmathematician something of the nature, development, and use of mathe matical concepts, particularly those that have found application in current scientific research. The idea of assembling such a volume goes back at least to 1974, when it was discussed by the then-newly-formed Joint Projects Committee for Mathematics (JPCM) of the American Mathematical Soci ety, the Mathematical Association of America, and the Society for Indus trial and Applied Mathematics. Currently, the nine members of the JPCM are Saunders Mac Lane (Chairman) of the University of Chicago, Frederick J. Almgren, Jr. of Princeton University, Richard D. Anderson of Louisiana State University, George E. Carrier of Harvard University, Hirsh G. Cohen ofthe International Business Machines Corporation, Richard C. DiPrima of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Robion C. Kirby of the University of California at Berkeley, William H. Kruskal of the University of Chicago, and George D. Mostow of Yale University. The JPCM decided to make production of this volume its first major proj ect and requested the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS), of which its three sponsoring societies are all member organiza tions, to approach the National Science Foundation on its behalffor support of the undertaking. A proposal submitted by the C BMS in December 1974 and in revised form in July 1975 was granted by the Foundation in May 1976, and work on assembling the volume got under way.


Topics in Chromatic Graph Theory

Topics in Chromatic Graph Theory
Author: Lowell W. Beineke
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 416
Release: 2015-05-07
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1316239853

Download Topics in Chromatic Graph Theory Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

Chromatic graph theory is a thriving area that uses various ideas of 'colouring' (of vertices, edges, and so on) to explore aspects of graph theory. It has links with other areas of mathematics, including topology, algebra and geometry, and is increasingly used in such areas as computer networks, where colouring algorithms form an important feature. While other books cover portions of the material, no other title has such a wide scope as this one, in which acknowledged international experts in the field provide a broad survey of the subject. All fifteen chapters have been carefully edited, with uniform notation and terminology applied throughout. Bjarne Toft (Odense, Denmark), widely recognized for his substantial contributions to the area, acted as academic consultant. The book serves as a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students in graph theory and combinatorics and as a useful introduction to the topic for mathematicians in related fields.


A Mathematical Introduction to Logic

A Mathematical Introduction to Logic
Author: Herbert B. Enderton
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 330
Release: 2001-01-23
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0080496466

Download A Mathematical Introduction to Logic Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

A Mathematical Introduction to Logic


The Knot Book

The Knot Book
Author: Colin Conrad Adams
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 330
Release: 2004
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0821836781

Download The Knot Book Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

Knots are familiar objects. Yet the mathematical theory of knots quickly leads to deep results in topology and geometry. This work offers an introduction to this theory, starting with our understanding of knots. It presents the applications of knot theory to modern chemistry, biology and physics.