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| Author | : Louay Mohammad |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 202 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : Civil engineering |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Walaa S. Mogawer |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 89 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Pavements |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Ramon Francis Bonaquist |
| Publisher | : Transportation Research Board |
| Total Pages | : 111 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309155592 |
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 691: Mix Design Practices for Warm-Mix Asphalt explores a mix design method tailored to the unique material properties of warm mix asphalt technologies. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) refers to asphalt concrete mixtures that are produced at temperatures approximately 50°F (28°C) or more cooler than typically used in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). The goal of WMA is to produce mixtures with similar strength, durability, and performance characteristics as HMA using substantially reduced production temperatures. There are important environmental and health benefits associated with reduced production temperatures including lower greenhouse gas emissions, lower fuel consumption, and reduced exposure of workers to asphalt fumes. Lower production temperatures can also potentially improve pavement performance by reducing binder aging, providing added time for mixture compaction, and allowing improved compaction during cold weather paving. Appendices to NCHRP Report 691 include the following. Appendices A, B, and D are included in the printed and PDF version of the report. Appendices C and E are available only online.
| Author | : Salvatory Materu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology has the capability of lowering the temperature at which the asphalt is mixed and compacted by 30°C or more without compromising the performance of asphalt pavement. The reduced difference between asphalt mix and ambient temperature results in a lower cooling rate thus allows for long haul, sufficient compaction time and late season projects compared to the conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). In northern climate, asphalt paving season is relatively short and paving is often done late in the season when weather conditions are less than ideal. The potential benefit of WMA, among others, is an extended paving season for the City of Winnipeg. Reduction in production temperature also comes with other positive impacts both economically and environmentally. The objective of this study is to evaluate the installation of WMA, compile experiences with this technology and evaluate their effects on construction methods and performance. The study further attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the WMA chemical additives and its dosage rate as liquid anti-strip agents on the properties of WMA mixtures through field and laboratory testing programs. In addition to the overall effectiveness of WMA, the study aimed to evaluate its economic cost relative to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). A chemical additive was used at three different dosages (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 percent by weight of asphalt cement). The additive has the ability to improve mixing, aggregate coating, workability, compaction and adhesion with no change in materials or job mix formula required. The study showed that WMA could be successfully placed using conventional HMA paving practices and procedures. Among the different additive dosages used, 0.5% had a better overall performance. The moisture sensitivity tests indicated the highest Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) at this dosage, suggesting the lowest moisture damage susceptibility. All four mixtures had low rutting resistance potential with no significant difference among them. The WMA showed a higher cracking resistance compared to HMA. The WMA price was between 2% to 11% higher than conventional HMA including the costs of additional testing as well as the WMA additives.
| Author | : Cristian Diaz Montecino |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 110 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Pavements, Asphalt |
| ISBN | : |
This study evaluated the properties and laboratory performance of hot mix asphalt and warm mix asphalt mixtures with different levels of recycled asphalt pavements content. The rheological properties were evaluated for virgin and recovered recycled asphalt binders. The mixtures were evaluated for their resistance to moisture damage and permanent deformation.
| Author | : Brian Hill |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Sustainability is a cornerstone of today0́9s engineering world. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are the most prominent sustainable materials in asphalt concrete pavements. WMA is a not a new concept, however new innovations and increased usage of WMA has been spurred by the increased focus on sustainable infrastructure systems. WMA enables reduced production temperatures through the use of wax, water, or other chemical packages. The effects of reduced production temperatures include fuel use and emissions reductions, improved compaction, and possible RAP concentration increases. RAP is the primary recycled product of the aged asphalt concrete pavements and its use leads to reductions in virgin aggregate and asphalt demand. However, significant performance issues can stem from the individual integration of WMA or RAP materials in asphalt concrete. In particular, WMA technologies can increase moisture and rutting susceptibility while RAP significantly increases the stiffness of the resulting mixture. Consequently, quality performance of sustainable asphalt pavements may require the combined use of WMA and RAP to produce mixtures with sufficient stiffness and moisture and fracture resistance. This study evaluates the potential of WMA technologies and their integration with RAP. Initially, an extensive literature review was completed to understand the advantages, disadvantages, and past field and lab performance of WMA and RAP mixtures. Rotational viscometer and bending beam rheometer tests were then used to evaluate Sasobit, Evotherm M1, and Advera WMA modified and unmodified binders. Finally, virgin and 45% RAP mixtures were designed and tested to examine the rutting, moisture, and fracture resistance of WMA and HMA mixtures. The results of this experiment provided several key observations. First, viscosity reductions may not be the primary cause for the availability of reduced production temperatures for WMA technologies. Second, WMA additive properties have a significant effect upon fracture, moisture, and rutting resistance. Furthermore, the addition of RAP to WMA mixtures improved the rutting and moisture sensitivity performance as characterized in the Hamburg and Tensile Strength Ratio testing procedures.
| Author | : Randy Clark West |
| Publisher | : Transportation Research Board |
| Total Pages | : 162 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Pavements, Asphalt |
| ISBN | : 0309259134 |
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 752: Improved Mix Design, Evaluation, and Materials Management Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content describes proposed revisions to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) R 35, Superpave Volumetric Design for Hot Mix Asphalt, and AASHTO M 323, Superpave Volumetric Mix Design, to accommodate the design of asphalt mixtures with high reclaimed asphalt pavement contents.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Transportation Research Board |
| Total Pages | : 285 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Asphalt concrete |
| ISBN | : 0309155649 |
| Author | : Rukesh Maharjan |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 332 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : Electronic books |
| ISBN | : |
The purpose of this research effort was to evaluate the use of warm-mix additives with modified (polymer-modified and terminal blend tire rubber) asphalt mixtures from Nevada and California. This research was completed in two stages: Sasobit and Advera were evaluated in first stage while Evotherm and Foaming were evaluated in second stage. The three main components of the experimental plan include: evaluation of mixture resistivity to moisture damage, pavement performance characteristics of the mixtures, and mechanistic analysis of the mixtures for simulated flexible pavement. The moisture resistivity of all mixtures were checked by Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and Dynamic Modulus (E*) tests. Dynamic Modulus Ratio (ECR) and Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) were computed at multiple Freeze-Thaw (F-T) cycles for further evaluation of moisture sensitivity of mixtures. Flow Number (FN) and Flexural beam fatigue tests were conducted to evaluate the performance characteristics of WMA additives/technology. The terminal blend tire rubber-modified binder with lime treatment works effectively in resisting moisture damage, rutting, and to significantly-reasonably improve the fatigue life of the WMA Evotherm, Foaming, Advera and Sasobit mixtures. Hence, it is the best solution for the design and construction of sustainable asphalt pavements. The use of terminal blend rubberized asphalt binder is an excellent and economical selection in reducing tire waste and environmental impacts.
| Author | : Amma Wakefield |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 94 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology has now been successfully used in Ontario for a few years. This shift in usage relates to extensions in construction season, reduced emissions, larger compaction windows, and potential fuel savings. This research between Miller Paving Ltd. and the Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology attempts to better quantify the difference in hot mix asphalt (HMA) and WMA. The object of this study was three-fold. The first part of the research was to examine the strength characteristics of HMA and WMA as a function of storage time. The purpose of this evaluation was to quantify indirect tensile strength (ITS) and moisture susceptibility of HMA and WMA over time. The second objective involved evaluating the performance characteristics of HMA and WMA. Resilient modulus and dynamic modulus testing were completed on plant-produced HMA and WMA material, which was used to determine long-term performance properties of both mixes. The third and final objective of this study was an economic analysis performed to determine the difference in cost for construction and maintenance for the HMA and WMA pavements. This was completed to determine if the cost of the warm mix technology used in the production of the WMA was offset by fuel savings at the plant.
