Evaluation Of System Effects And Structural Load Paths In A Wood Framed Structure PDF Download
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Author | : Kenneth Grant Martin |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 356 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : Load factor design |
ISBN | : |
Download Evaluation of System Effects and Structural Load Paths in a Wood-framed Structure Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The objective of this project was to develop an analytical model of a light-framed wood structure using a prevalent structural analysis computer program in order to evaluate system effects and define load paths within the structure, especially under extreme wind events. Simplified modeling techniques and material definitions were developed and used throughout the analysis. A three dimensional 30-ft by 40-ft building was modeled using SAP2000. The building had a gable roof system comprised of Fink trusses. Wall and roof sheathing was modeled using SAP's built-in thick shell element. Conventional light-frame construction practices were assumed, and the model was linear with all joints considered to be either pinned or rigid. Also, the effect of edge nail spacing of the wall sheathing was incorporated by way of a novel correlation procedure which eliminates the need to represent each nail individually. Instead, a single sheathing element represented each wall and property modifiers were assigned to that wall element based on the nailing schedule. The NDS 3-term shear wall equation was used to derive the correlation procedure and the correlated model was compared to full-scale testing results with good agreement. The computer model was validated against both two and three dimensional experimental studies (in-plane and out-of-plane). Once validated it was subjected to uniform loads to gain insight into its uplift behavior. Uniform uplift pressure was applied to the roof, and vertical foundation reactions were evaluated. In this phase of the investigation, the building geometry was altered in several different ways to explore the effect of these variations. Next, the model was subjected to several uplift loading scenarios corresponding to worst-case simulated hurricane events. With these inputs, the same uplift reaction profiles were generated. Finally, for comparison the model was loaded using the "Component and Cladding" pressures determined at a comparable wind speed, as given by ASCE 7-05 (lateral and uplift). The ASCE 7-05 uplift pressures were found to adequately encompass the range of uplift reactions that can be expected from a severe wind event such as a hurricane. Also, the analytical model developed in this study inherently takes into account system effects. Consequently, it was observed that ASCE 7-05 "Component and Cladding" pressures satisfactorily captured the building's uplift response at the foundation level without the use of "Main Wind Force-Resisting System" loads. Additionally, it was noted that the manner in which the walls of thestructure distribute roof-level loads to the foundation depends on the edge nailing of the wall sheathing. Finally, the effects of variations in the building geometry were explored and notable results include the presence of a door in one of the walls. It was revealed that the addition of a door to any wall results in a loss of load-carrying capacity for the entire wall. Moreover, the wall opposite the one with the door can also be significantly affected depending on the orientation of the trusses. In general, it was determined that complex, three-dimensional building responses can be adequately characterized using the practical and effective modeling procedures developed in this study. The same modeling process can be readily applied in industry for similar light-framed wood structures.
Author | : Peter Leroy Datin |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Structural Load Paths in Low-rise, Wood-framed Structures Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
ABSTRACT: Light-framed wood residential buildings continue to suffer damage from extreme wind events, even at wind speeds below design levels. One of the major findings in post-hurricane damage investigations is that a continuous load path to transfer the wind uplifts loads acting on the roof into the foundations was missing. The roof-to-wall connections are major components in this load path that have inadequate capacity during extreme wind events causing catastrophic failure. The objective of this dissertation is the evaluation of the vertical structural load paths due to wind loading on the roof of a low-rise, light-framed wood building. Through the use of static influence coefficients developed on a 1/3rd-scale wood building instrumented at twenty (20) roof-to-wall and wall-to-foundation connections, the vertical structural load paths were determined. Using a database-assisted design (DAD) methodology combining the structural influence coefficients with wind tunnel-derived pressure coefficients, estimated peak structural connection loads were determined. These peak loads were compared with loads estimated from two other previously established methods, namely the covariance integration (CI) and load-response-correlation (LRC) methods.
Author | : Thanh Q. Huynh |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 165 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : Building, Wooden |
ISBN | : |
Download Lateral Load Path Analysis Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The objectives of this study are to use SAP2000 to investigate lateral load paths and system behavior in a modular, light-frame wood structure by investigating different foundation configurations and to further develop and validate existing modeling techniques of shear wall elements based on the Perforated Shear Wall Method. The modeling methods were validated using full-scale tests on sub-assemblies and rectangular and L-shaped houses by previous researchers. ASCE 7-10 main lateral-force-resisting system and components and cladding wind loads are applied in perpendicular directions to the exterior walls. The analysis is performed for a series of foundation types to examine the effects on overall and local behavior. The effectiveness of the different foundation schemes was evaluated. It was found that the racking shear stiffness calibration procedures implemented previously for light-framed construction are also applicable for light-frame, modular shear walls. Additionally, it was found that anchorage elongation substantially affects the racking shear stiffness of shear walls with aspect ratios within limits similar to those provided by the Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic Design Standards. For regularly-shaped modular structures, it was found that assuming tributary areas to resisting elements for lateral loads produced conservative demands when ignoring contributions from uplift pressures. Thousands of structures such as these are used throughout the United States in various applications. Consequently, with wind loads being a major contributor to annual structural damage of light-framed wood structures and a need for methods to sufficiently evaluate load paths, this study is an important development in the design of modular buildings and their acceptance by building code officials.
Author | : Ugo Morelli |
Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
Total Pages | : 368 |
Release | : 1999-04 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9780788176791 |
Download Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Buildings Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Provides a process for seismic evaluation of existing buildings in any region of seismicity. Buildings are evaluated to either the Life Safety or Immediate Occupancy Performance Level. Provides instruction to the evaluating design professional on how to determine if a building is adequately designed and constructed to resist seismic forces. All aspects of building performances are considered in terms of foundation/geologic, structural, hazard, nonstructural issues. Reflects advancements in technology; incorporates design professional experience; incorporates lessons learned during recent earthquakes; and much more.
Author | : Brian P. Malone |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 211 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Loads (Mechanics) |
ISBN | : |
Download Light-frame Versus Timber Frame Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The objective of this study was to compare light wood framing and traditional timber framing quantitatively through environmental impact assessment and load path analysis. This research was inspired by a traditional timber frame structure constructed in Vermont in 2011, and the design of structures considered within reflect the general characteristics of this building with some modifications. A light-frame structure was designed for comparison purposes to be equivalent to the timber frame structure in overall dimension and function. Cradle-to-gate environmental impact assessments were performed with the Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings software, following the standard methodology of life cycle assessment. The environmental impacts for each structural system as well as for multiple material substitutions to each were investigated. Environmental impacts considered included total energy use, fossil fuel consumption, global warming potential, and wood fiber use. Results show that though the timber frame structure has more potential for decreased environmental impact, these measures are driven largely by material choice. Models for each framing system (light-frame and timber frame) were created using SAP2000 structural analysis software, and load paths generated by applied design loads were investigated and compared. Both structures were modeled with and without openings (doors and windows), and comparisons were made based on resistance to uplift, story drift and twisting, the addition of large openings, a break in load path, and the relative ranges of axial loads in posts and studs. Results show that the timber frame structure outperforms the light-frame structure in many aspects, providing increased resistance to uplift, story drift, and twisting, less sensitivity to the addition of large openings or the loss of a floor-supporting post, and less variability in axial forces in vertical members.
Author | : Maurizio Piazza |
Publisher | : Trans Tech Publications Ltd |
Total Pages | : 1140 |
Release | : 2013-09-18 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3038261939 |
Download Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2nd International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures (SHATIS 13), September 4-6, 2013, Trento, Italy
Author | : Building Seismic Safety Council (U.S.) |
Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
Total Pages | : 268 |
Release | : 1992 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781568069913 |
Download Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Provides engineers involved with the seismic evaluation of existing buildings with guidance concerning the potential earthquake related risk to human life posed by a building or building component.
Author | : Kathryn S. Pfretzschner |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 191 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Loads (Mechanics) |
ISBN | : |
Download Practical Modeling for Load Paths in a Realistic, Light-frame Wood House Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The objective of this study was to develop and validate practical modeling methods for investigating load paths and system behavior in a realistic, light-frame wood structure. The modeling methods were validated against full-scale tests on subassemblies and an L-shaped house. The model of the L-shaped house was then modified and used to investigate the effects of re-entrant corners, wall openings and gable-end retrofits on system behavior and load paths. Results from this study showed that the effects of adding re-entrant corners and wall openings on uplift load distributions were dependent on the orientation of the trusses with respect to the walls. Openings added to walls parallel to the trusses had the least effect on loads carried by the remaining walls in the building. Varying re-entrant corner dimensions of the L-shaped house under ASCE 7-05 (ASCE 2005) design wind loads caused increasing degrees of torsion throughout the house, depending on the relative location and stiffness of the in-plane walls (parallel to the applied wind loads) as well as the assumed direction of the wind loads. Balancing the stiffness of the walls on either side of the house with the largest re-entrant corner helped to decrease torsion in the structure somewhat. Finally, although previous full-scale tests on gable-end sections verified the effectiveness of the gable-end retrofit that was recently adopted into the 2010 Florida building code, questions remained about the effects of the retrofit on torsion in a full building. The current study found that adding the gable-end retrofits to the L-shaped house did not cause additional torsion.
Author | : American Society of Civil Engineers |
Publisher | : Amer Society of Civil Engineers |
Total Pages | : 352 |
Release | : 2000 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 9780784404881 |
Download Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Ghasan Doudak |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 201 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Field Determination and Modeling of Load Paths in Wood Light-frame Structures Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"The research relied on the collaboration of several researchers in industry and academia, and was funded by a CRD grant of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada." --