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Evaluación de los Cuidados Enfermeros en los Programas de Cribado de Cáncer

Evaluación de los Cuidados Enfermeros en los Programas de Cribado de Cáncer
Author: Llúcia Benito-Aracil
Publisher:
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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INTRODUCCIÓN: No existen documentos que describan las actividades de la enfermera en detección precoz del cáncer. Y por ello, se han identificado los siguientes objetivos: 1) Definir el rol de la enfermera en los programas de cribado de cáncer, 2) identificar los indicadores de la actividad, 3) y evaluar los cuidados enfermeros del programa de cribado de cáncer del Institut Català d'Oncologia en relación a la transmisión de la información. METODOLOGÍA: El primer objetivo se alcanzó mediante una revisión de la literatura sobre las actividades de la enfermera en los programas de cribado de cáncer. Posteriormente se utilizó metodología Delphi para contextualizar estas actividades en los programas poblacionales del territorio español. Y finalmente un estudio descriptivo en el que un grupo de expertos realizó un análisis para identificar las intervenciones de la taxonomía Nursing Interventions Classification. El segundo objetivo se resolvió mediante una revisión bibliográfica y el consenso del grupo de expertos. El tercer objetivo evaluaba uno de los indicadores (evaluación de la comprensión de la información), y se hizo a través de una encuesta transversal a los profesionales de atención primaria de L'Hospitalet de Llobregat. Se basó en una encuesta de los conocimientos sobre procedimientos de cribado de cáncer colorectal, factores de riesgo, recomendaciones de seguimiento posterior a la exploración diagnóstica y estrategias de derivación. Posteriormente, mediante un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado por conglomerados (en 6 de 12 centros), se evaluó una intervención informativa. RESULTADOS: El panel de expertos identificó 25 actividades realizadas por las enfermeras del cribado de cáncer colorectal, y 17 por las de mama. Los expertos en taxonomía correlacionaron estas actividades con 15 intervenciones de la Nursing Interventions Classification. El grupo de expertos seleccionó 7 indicadores (adecuación y tiempo de espera de la derivación de participantes, entrega y disponibilidad del informe del proceso, comprensión de profesionales implicados en el proceso, satisfacción y la comprensión de participantes). Cuatro preguntas de la evaluación de la comprensión de los profesionales, tenían más del 60% de respuestas incorrectas. Estaban relacionadas con: factores de riesgo, colonoscopias de seguimiento, circuito de seguimiento. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo intervención y el grupo control. Sin embargo, en nueve preguntas se aumentó el porcentaje de respuestas correctas en el grupo intervención, mayoritariamente relacionadas con el seguimiento posterior a la exploración diagnóstica. CONCLUSIONES: Las actividades de la enfermera de cribado de cáncer son actuar como gestora de casos y proporcionar información, que favorecen la continuidad y la coordinación durante el proceso. Sin embargo, la evaluación continuada de los programas de cribado en cáncer no incluye estos indicadores. Por ello, se proponen indicadores de adecuación y tiempo de espera de la derivación de participantes, entrega y disponibilidad del informe del proceso, comprensión de los profesionales implicados en el proceso, satisfacción y comprensión de participantes. La evaluación continuada de estos indicadores permite detectar áreas de mejora y tiene como finalidad diseñar e implementar intervenciones que contribuyan a mejorar la calidad de los programas. Los resultados obtenidos de la medición del indicador de comprensión de los profesionales implicados en el proceso revelan que, aunque conocen el proceso de cribado, hay algunos aspectos que podrían mejorar como son los principales factores de riesgo no modificables del cáncer colorrectal y las recomendaciones de seguimiento posterior al cribado. Para mejorarlos, se diseñó una intervención educativa basada en píldoras informativas. Esta intervención permitió mejorar ciertas áreas de conocimiento, pero no de forma significativa. Por lo tanto, es necesario diseñar e implementar estrategias dirigidas a incrementar el conocimiento de los profesionales de atención primaria respecto al circuito de los programas de cribado de cáncer colorectal.


Perinatal Palliative Care

Perinatal Palliative Care
Author: Erin M. Denney-Koelsch
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 443
Release: 2020-02-05
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3030347516

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This unique book is a first-of-its-kind resource that comprehensively covers each facet and challenge of providing optimal perinatal palliative care. Designed for a wide and multi-disciplinary audience, the subjects covered range from theoretical to the clinical and the practically relevant, and all chapters include case studies that provide real-world scenarios as additional teaching tools for the reader. Perinatal Palliative Care: A Clinical Guide is divided into four sections. Part One provides the foundation, covering an overview of the field, key theories that guide the practice of perinatal palliative care, and includes a discussion of perinatal ethics and parental experiences and needs upon receiving a life-limiting fetal diagnosis. Part Two delves further into practical clinical care, guiding readers through issues of obstetrical management, genetic counseling, neonatal pain management, non-pain symptom management, spiritual care, and perinatal bereavement care. Part Three discusses models of perinatal palliative care, closely examining evidence for different types of PPC programs: from hospital-based programs, to community-based care, and examines issues of interdisciplinary PPC care coordination, birth planning, and team support. Finally, Part Four concludes the book with a close look at special considerations in the field. In this section, racial, ethnic, and cultural perspectives and implications for PPC are discussed, along with lessons in how to provide PPC for a wide-range of clinical and other healthcare workers. The book closes with a look to the future of the field of perinatal palliative care. Thorough and practical, Perinatal Palliative Care: A Clinical Guide is an ideal resource for any healthcare practitioner working with these vulnerable patient populations, from palliative care specialists, to obstetricians, midwifes, neonatologists, hospice providers, nurses, doulas, social workers, chaplains, therapists, ethicists, and child life specialists.


Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
Author: Julian P. T. Higgins
Publisher: Wiley
Total Pages: 672
Release: 2008-11-24
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780470699515

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Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.


Physical Activity and Cancer

Physical Activity and Cancer
Author: Kerry S. Courneya
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 389
Release: 2010-11-26
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3642042317

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This book explores in depth the relation between physical activity and cancer control, including primary prevention, coping with treatments, recovery after treatments, long-term survivorship, secondary prevention, and survival. The first part of the book presents the most recent research on the impact of physical activity in preventing a range of cancers. In the second part, the association between physical activity and cancer survivorship is addressed. The effects of physical activity on supportive care endpoints (e.g., quality of life, fatigue, physical functioning) and disease endpoints (e.g., biomarkers, recurrence, survival) are carefully analyzed. In addition, the determinants of physical activity in cancer survivors are discussed, and behavior change strategies for increasing physical activity in cancer survivors are appraised. The final part of the book is devoted to special topics, including the relation of physical activity to pediatric cancer survivorship and to palliative cancer care.


Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
Author: Bruno J. Vellas
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Total Pages: 202
Release: 1999
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3805568037

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This book is the first of a new series which will present the proceedings of the newly established Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series: Clinical & Performance Programme aimed at adult nutrition. Undernutrition is a common phenomenon in elderly people, and malnutrition reaches significant levels in those being in hospital, nursing homes or home care programs. Consequences of malnutrition often go unrecognised owing to the lack of specific validated instruments to assess nutritional status in frail elderly persons. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) provides a single, rapid assessment of nutritional status in the elderly of different degrees of independence, allowing the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition to be determined and to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional intervention and strategies. Easy, quick and economical to perform, it enables staff to check the nutritional status of elderly people when they enter hospitals or institutions and to monitor changes occurring during their stay. Moreover, the MNA is predictive of the cost of care and length of stay in hospital. This publication will be of immense assistance to heads of geriatric teaching units, teachers in nutrition, clinicians general practitioners and dieticians, enabling them to better detect, recognise and start treatment of malnutrition in the elderly.


Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine
Author: Nathan I. Cherny
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 1281
Release: 2015
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0199656096

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Emphasising the multi-disciplinary nature of palliative care the fourth edition of this text also looks at the individual professional roles that contribute to the best-quality palliative care.


New Challenges in Communication with Cancer Patients

New Challenges in Communication with Cancer Patients
Author: Antonella Surbone
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 526
Release: 2012-08-23
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 146143369X

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The relationship between oncologists and their cancer patients is rapidly evolving. Oncologists and other cancer professionals master new anticancer and supportive treatment options, while working under increasing economic pressure and time constraints, and are often unprepared to deal with all the challenges of their new position in a therapeutic relationship with cancer patients and families. Good communication is as essential as are modern laboratory tests and sophisticated diagnostics to achieve the best clinical results. This book updates the evolution of truth-telling and communication patterns worldwide and offers insights into the recent trends and emerging challenges in communication with cancer patients and families. New Challenges in Communication with Cancer Patients is an invaluable resource to medical professionals, educators and patients in establishing a strong and effective partnership built on trust and mutual understanding.


Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease

Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease
Author: Christos Zouboulis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 612
Release: 2006-04-11
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0306483823

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It is with great pleasure that I write this Foreword to the Proceedings of the International Conference on Behçet’s Disease which was held in Berlin in June 2002. This was the first International Conference held under the auspices of the International Society for Behçet’s Disease which was founded in 2000 in Seoul. First, I congratulate our colleagues in Berlin, led by Professor Christos Zouboulis of the Department of Dermatology at the Free University of Berlin, for having organised a most successful conference and for having compiled these proceedings so rapidly. It will be realised immediately on scanning the contents of this book that the conference was truly international with 210 participants from 26 countries, as Professor Zouboulis has noted in his preface. These included basic scientists, epidemiologists, pathologists, clinicians and, importantly, representatives from patient organisations. The latter held their own conference alongside the scientific-medical conference to mutual benefit. The combined session of patients and doctors (abstracts on pp 601 – 626) gave the opportunity for an exchange of information and fruitful discussion. The wide ranging scope of the communications is evident from the index and it was most encouraging to see their origin – from all parts of the world, from senior and junior colleagues and, from many different disciplines. Many communications may be regarded as preliminary reports of research in progress and we look forward to seeing the definitive publications in appropriate journals in due course.


Geriatric Psycho-Oncology

Geriatric Psycho-Oncology
Author: Jimmie C. Holland
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2015-02-03
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0199361487

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Geriatric Psycho-Oncology is a comprehensive handbook that provides best practice models for the management of psychological, cognitive, and social outcomes of older adults living with cancer and their families. Chapters cover a wide range of topics including screening tools and interventions, psychiatric emergencies and disorders, physical symptom management, communication issues, and issues specific to common cancer sites. A resource section is appended to provide information on national services and programs. This book features contributions from experts designed to help clinicians review, anticipate and respond to emotional issues that often arise in the context of treating older cancer patients. Numerous cross-references and succinct tables and figures make this concise reference easy to use. Geriatric Psycho-Oncology is an ideal resource for helping oncologists and nurses recognize when it may be best to refer patients to their mental health colleagues and for those who are establishing or adding psychosocial components to existing clinics.


Mental Disorders in Primary Care

Mental Disorders in Primary Care
Author: Andre F. Carvalho
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 385
Release: 2017
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0198746636

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An invaluable guide to psychiatric presentation, diagnosis and treatment in a primary care setting.