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EU Implementation of Basel III in the Shadow of Euro Crisis

EU Implementation of Basel III in the Shadow of Euro Crisis
Author: Jeffery Atik
Publisher:
Total Pages: 60
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

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This article examines the implementation path of Basel III reforms within the European Union (“EU”). Basel III is the most recent version of the Basel global standards for bank regulation, adopted in response to the 2007/2008 financial crisis. Several EU Member States, as well as the EU Commission and the European Central Bank, participated in the design of the Basel III reforms. The greater part of these reforms is packaged in the so-called Fourth Capital Requirements Directive and Regulation, or CRD IV. It is the European sovereign debt crisis, and not the 2007/2008 financial meltdown, which dominated the mind of the EU legislator -- and as a result European faithfulness to Basel III has attenuated. This article identifies two species of EU departures from Basel III: (1) treating a Basel III norm as a fixed obligation and not as a minimum standard; and (2) selective adoption of Basel III norms (Basel à la carte). It then discusses the future of Basel III in the EU as the Eurozone approaches a banking union.


Banks and Capital Requirements

Banks and Capital Requirements
Author: Benjamin H. Cohen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 27
Release: 2014
Genre: Bank capital
ISBN: 9789291311446

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Post-Crisis Banking Regulation in the European Union

Post-Crisis Banking Regulation in the European Union
Author: Katarzyna Sum
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2016-10-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3319413783

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This book offers holistic, economic analysis of the on-going regulatory reform in the European banking industry. The author addresses the main opportunities and pitfalls related to post-crisis financial regulation, and investigates whether the proposed solutions provide an appropriate response to the problems within the EU’s ailing banking sector. The author gives particular focus to the implementation of Basel III, the introduction of the Banking Union, the inclusion of bank governance elements into regulatory frameworks, and the country-specific aspects of regulation at a national level. The discussion builds upon existing literature in the field and takes a novel approach in its examination of banking regulations, their endogeneity and their interactions with bank governance. The book also analyses banking regulation in the EU within theoretical frameworks, as well as by means of empirical exercises. Insights into the theory and practical aspects of banking regulation make this book a valuable read for academics, researchers, students and practitioners alike.


Slapped by the Invisible Hand

Slapped by the Invisible Hand
Author: Gary B. Gorton
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2010-03-08
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0199742111

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Originally written for a conference of the Federal Reserve, Gary Gorton's "The Panic of 2007" garnered enormous attention and is considered by many to be the most convincing take on the recent economic meltdown. Now, in Slapped by the Invisible Hand, Gorton builds upon this seminal work, explaining how the securitized-banking system, the nexus of financial markets and instruments unknown to most people, stands at the heart of the financial crisis. Gorton shows that the Panic of 2007 was not so different from the Panics of 1907 or of 1893, except that, in 2007, most people had never heard of the markets that were involved, didn't know how they worked, or what their purposes were. Terms like subprime mortgage, asset-backed commercial paper conduit, structured investment vehicle, credit derivative, securitization, or repo market were meaningless. In this superb volume, Gorton makes all of this crystal clear. He shows that the securitized banking system is, in fact, a real banking system, allowing institutional investors and firms to make enormous, short-term deposits. But as any banking system, it was vulnerable to a panic. Indeed the events starting in August 2007 can best be understood not as a retail panic involving individuals, but as a wholesale panic involving institutions, where large financial firms "ran" on other financial firms, making the system insolvent. An authority on banking panics, Gorton is the ideal person to explain the financial calamity of 2007. Indeed, as the crisis unfolded, he was working inside an institution that played a central role in the collapse. Thus, this book presents the unparalleled and invaluable perspective of a top scholar who was also a key insider.


FX Swaps

FX Swaps
Author: Ms.Li L. Ong
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 47
Release: 2010-03-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 145196353X

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The proliferation of foreign exchange (FX) swaps as a source of funding and as a hedging tool has focused attention on the role of the FX swap market in the recent crisis. The turbulence in international money markets spilled over into the FX swap market in the second-half of 2007 and into 2008, giving rise to concerns over the ability of banks to roll over their funding requirements and manage their liquidity risk. The turmoil also raised questions about banks' ability to continue their supply of credit to the local economy, as well as the external financing gap it could create. In this paper, we examine the channels through which FX swap transactions could affect a country's financial and economic stability, and highlight the strategies central banks can employ to mitigate market pressures. While not offering any judgment on the instrument itself, we show that the use of FX swaps for funding and hedging purposes is not infallible, especially during periods of market stress.


Bank Debt in Europe

Bank Debt in Europe
Author: Mrs.Vanessa Le Lesle
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 40
Release: 2012-12-20
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475522037

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The crisis in Europe has underscored the vulnerability of European bank funding models compared to international peers. This paper studies the drivers behind this fragility and examines the future of bank funding, primarily wholesale, in Europe. We argue that cyclical and structural factors have altered the structure, cost, and composition of funding for European banks. The paper discusses the consequences of shifting funding patterns and investor preferences and presents possible policy options and bank actions to enhance European bank funding models’ robustness.


Creating a Safer Financial System

Creating a Safer Financial System
Author: José Vinãls
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 27
Release: 2013-05-14
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484340949

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The U.S., the U.K., and more recently, the E.U., have proposed policy measures directly targeting complexity and business structures of banks. Unlike other, price-based reforms (e.g., Basel 3 and G-SIFI surcharges), these proposals have been developed unilaterally with material differences in scope, design and implementation schedules. This may exacerbate cross-border regulatory arbitrage and put a further burden on consolidated supervision and cross-border resolution. This paper provides an analysis of the potential implications of implementing different structural policy measures. It proposes a pragmatic and coordinated approach to development of these policies to reduce risk of regulatory arbitrage and minimize unintended consequences. In doing so, it also aims to identify a set of common policy measures that countries could adopt to re-scope bank business models and corporate structures.


Governance for the Eurozone

Governance for the Eurozone
Author: José Borrell Fontelles
Publisher:
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2012-07-11
Genre: Banks and banking
ISBN: 9780983646945

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The Regulatory Responses to the Global Financial Crisis

The Regulatory Responses to the Global Financial Crisis
Author: Mr.Stijn Claessens
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 39
Release: 2014-03-14
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484336658

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We identify current challenges for creating stable, yet efficient financial systems using lessons from recent and past crises. Reforms need to start from three tenets: adopting a system-wide perspective explicitly aimed at addressing market failures; understanding and incorporating into regulations agents’ incentives so as to align them better with societies’ goals; and acknowledging that risks of crises will always remain, in part due to (unknown) unknowns – be they tipping points, fault lines, or spillovers. Corresponding to these three tenets, specific areas for further reforms are identified. Policy makers need to resist, however, fine-tuning regulations: a “do not harm” approach is often preferable. And as risks will remain, crisis management needs to be made an integral part of system design, not relegated to improvisation after the fact.