Estonian Economy PDF Download
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Author | : Helena Hannula |
Publisher | : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |
Total Pages | : 400 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780754645610 |
Download Estonia, the New EU Economy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Estonia is regarded by many as one of the most hopeful cases for the integration of eastern Europe into the enlarged European Union. It provides positive examples of how the integration process can be well handled, but at the same time some of the contentious issues this can give rise to. This book assesses the tensions involved in the development of the Estonian economy in terms of growth, convergence, financial development, labour reallocation, structural and organizational change, and the role of foreign companies and international networks. The analysis of Estonia is placed within a broader context and among a wider set of nations, and thus aims at understanding the potential for growth and structural change in the eastern part of the enlarged EU. In these and related fields, the book seeks to draw lessons from Estonia for other new (and indeed future) EU accession countries.
Author | : |
Publisher | : PRAXIS |
Total Pages | : 73 |
Release | : 2003 |
Genre | : Competition |
ISBN | : 994910176X |
Download Competitiveness and Future Outlooks of the Estonian Economy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : OECD |
Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
Total Pages | : 119 |
Release | : 2019-12-17 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9264531718 |
Download OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.
Author | : Rasmus Kattai |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 79 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Estonia |
ISBN | : 9789949404438 |
Download EMMA Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Olev Lugus |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 351 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Transforming the Estonian economy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Sarah Thomson |
Publisher | : Open University Press |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2015-07 |
Genre | : Europe |
ISBN | : 9780335264001 |
Download Economic Crisis, Health Systems and Health in Europe Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Economic shocks pose a threat to health and health system performance by increasing people's need for health care and making access to care more difficult - a situation compounded by cuts in public spending on health and other social services. But these negative effects can be avoided by timely public policy action. While important public policy levers lie outside the health sector, in the hands of those responsible for fiscal policy and social protection, the health system response is critical. This book looks at how health systems in Europe reacted to pressure created by the financial and economic crisis that began in 2008. Drawing on the experience of over 45 countries, the authors:' analyse health system responses to the crisis in three policy areas: public funding for the health system; health coverage; and health service planning, purchasing and delivery 'assess the impact of these responses on health systems and population health' identify policies most likely to sustain the performance of health systems facing financial pressure' explore the political economy of implementing reforms in a crisisThe book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the choices available to policy-makers - and the implications of failing to protect health and health-system performance - in the face of economic and other forms of shock.--
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 190 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : Estonia |
ISBN | : |
Download Estonian Economy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Adalbert Knöbl |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 30 |
Release | : 2002-05 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Download The Estonian Currency Board Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper reviews the history of the introduction of the Estonian kroon under a currency board arrangement. On June 20, 1992, Estonia became the first country from the former Soviet Union to abandon the Russian ruble and introduce its own currency. The paper looks at the factors behind this decision and discusses the implementation of the currency reform. It then assesses the economic impact of the reform and also compares Estonia's experience with that of its Baltic neighbors. It concludes that although the currency board arrangement made an important contribution to the early success of Estonia's economic stabilization and reform program, the underlying financial and structural policies were crucial for that success.
Author | : M. Laar |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 404 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : Estonia |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : World Bank |
Publisher | : Washington, D.C. : World Bank |
Total Pages | : 382 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
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