Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction And Economic Benefits From Controlling Ozone Air Pollution PDF Download
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Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 226 |
Release | : 2008-08-21 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 0309119944 |
Download Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In light of recent evidence on the relationship of ozone to mortality and questions about its implications for benefit analysis, the Environmental Protection Agency asked the National Research Council to establish a committee of experts to evaluate independently the contributions of recent epidemiologic studies to understanding the size of the ozone-mortality effect in the context of benefit analysis. The committee was also asked to assess methods for estimating how much a reduction in short-term exposure to ozone would reduce premature deaths, to assess methods for estimating associated increases in life expectancy, and to assess methods for estimating the monetary value of the reduced risk of premature death and increased life expectancy in the context of health-benefits analysis. Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution details the committee's findings and posits several recommendations to address these issues.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 187 |
Release | : 2002-11-30 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309086094 |
Download Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
EPA estimates that thousands of premature deaths and cases of illnesses may be avoided by reducing air pollution. At the request of Congress, this report reviews the scientific basis of EPA's methods used in estimating the public health benefits from its air pollution regulations.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 506 |
Release | : 2010-06-26 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309146402 |
Download Hidden Costs of Energy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 159 |
Release | : 2017-04-10 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 030945252X |
Download Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a mission and regulatory responsibility to protect human health and the environment. EPA's pursuit of that goal includes a variety of research activities involving human subjects, such as epidemiologic studies and surveys. Those research activities also involve studies of individuals who volunteer to be exposed to air pollutants intentionally in controlled laboratory settings so that measurements can be made of transient and reversible biomarker or physiologic responses to those exposures that can indicate pathways of toxicity and mechanisms of air-pollution responses. The results of those controlled human inhalation exposure (CHIE) studies, also referred to as human clinical studies or human challenge studies, are used to inform policy decisions and help establish or revise standards to protect public health and improve air quality. Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA addresses scientific issues and provides guidance on the conduct of CHIE studies. This report assesses the utility of CHIE studies to inform and reduce uncertainties in setting air-pollution standards to protect public health and assess whether continuation of such studies is warranted. It also evaluates the potential health risks to test subjects who participated in recent studies of air pollutants at EPA's clinical research facility.
Author | : Bart D. Ostro |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 70 |
Release | : 1994 |
Genre | : Air |
ISBN | : |
Download Estimating the Health Effects of Air Pollutants Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
How does one assess the health benefits of air pollution control? Does response functions applied to data on Jakarta reveal that air quality improvements will reduce illness, premature death, and learning disabilities in children. Lead and respirable particles are the most important problems.
Author | : Jessica Lincoln-Oswalt |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Air |
ISBN | : 9781614707240 |
Download Better Air Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The authorities and responsibilities of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) derive primarily from a dozen major environmental statutes. This book provides a concise summary of one of those statutes, the Clean Air Act. It provides a brief history of federal involvement in air quality regulation and of the provisions added by legislation in 1970, 1977 and 1990. It also explains major authorities contained in the Act as well as key terms and references for more detailed information on the Act and its implementation.
Author | : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Health and Ecological Effects |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 36 |
Release | : 1979 |
Genre | : Air |
ISBN | : |
Download Methods development for assessing air pollution control benefits Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 427 |
Release | : 2004-09-30 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309089328 |
Download Air Quality Management in the United States Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Managing the nation's air quality is a complex undertaking, involving tens of thousands of people in regulating thousands of pollution sources. The authors identify what has worked and what has not, and they offer wide-ranging recommendations for setting future priorities, making difficult choices, and increasing innovation. This new book explores how to better integrate scientific advances and new technologies into the air quality management system. The volume reviews the three-decade history of governmental efforts toward cleaner air, discussing how air quality standards are set and results measured, the design and implementation of control strategies, regulatory processes and procedures, special issues with mobile pollution sources, and more. The book looks at efforts to spur social and behavioral changes that affect air quality, the effectiveness of market-based instruments for air quality regulation, and many other aspects of the issue. Rich in technical detail, this book will be of interest to all those engaged in air quality management: scientists, engineers, industrial managers, law makers, regulators, health officials, clean-air advocates, and concerned citizens.
Author | : OECD |
Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 2016-06-09 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9264257470 |
Download The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of outdoor air pollution in the coming decades, focusing on the impacts on mortality, morbidity, and changes in crop yields as caused by high concentrations of pollutants.
Author | : A. M. Gowers |
Publisher | : Gwasg y Bwthyn |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9780859517539 |
Download Estimating Local Mortality Burdens Associated with Particulate Air Pollution Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle