Establishing 18f Naf Pet Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers For Treatment Response Assessment PDF Download
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| Author | : Christie Lin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Establishing 18F-NaF PET Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers for Treatment Response Assessment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The use of functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) has increased in clinical oncology to assess response to therapy. Response assessment with PET scans is largely interpreted qualitatively, which results in subjective clinical evaluation. Alternatively, quantitative imaging can enable objective evaluation; however, the path to establish standardized response criteria of candidate quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) is extremely challenging. This dissertation focused on establishing quantitative 18F-NaF PET-based treatment response assessment. Using 18F-NaF PET/CT scans of bone tumors (osseous lesions) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients imaged in a multi-center clinical trial, we characterized test-retest repeatability of standardized uptake values (SUVs) measured from both lesions and patients, and reproducibility across imaging sites. From these studies we derived the limits of agreement, which can be interpreted as objective response criteria. To assess the generalizability of response criteria, we investigated sources of variability that may influence response assessment. Linear mixed effects models identified both differences in injected dose between scans and anatomical location of the lesion may influence repeatability. To address the need to mitigate potential variability in longitudinal imaging, we evaluated the utility of reference region normalization but found that SUVs were similarly robust without. In order to advance criteria for QIBs of response, we introduced the response-to-repeatability metric and discovered that not all candidate QIBs were able to discern statistically measurable changes at treatment follow-up. In our last study, we introduced a bootstrapping method to estimate sample size requirements needed to achieve a desired level of repeatability, a critical component in clinical trial design. Finally, we outlined statistical limitations to the generalizability of response criteria, which will guide appropriate implementation of imaging-based response assessment in the clinical routine. In summary, we present a statistical basis to enable quantitative imaging-based response criteria and methods to iteratively advance needs in both research and the clinic.
| Author | : Christie Lin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 158 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Establishing 18F-NaF PET Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers for Treatment Response Assessment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The use of functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) has increased in clinical oncology to assess response to therapy. Response assessment with PET scans is largely interpreted qualitatively, which results in subjective clinical evaluation. Alternatively, quantitative imaging can enable objective evaluation; however, the path to establish standardized response criteria of candidate quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) is extremely challenging. This dissertation focused on establishing quantitative 18F-NaF PET-based treatment response assessment. Using 18F-NaF PET/CT scans of bone tumors (osseous lesions) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients imaged in a multi-center clinical trial, we characterized test-retest repeatability of standardized uptake values (SUVs) measured from both lesions and patients, and reproducibility across imaging sites. From these studies we derived the limits of agreement, which can be interpreted as objective response criteria. To assess the generalizability of response criteria, we investigated sources of variability that may influence response assessment. Linear mixed effects models identified both differences in injected dose between scans and anatomical location of the lesion may influence repeatability. To address the need to mitigate potential variability in longitudinal imaging, we evaluated the utility of reference region normalization but found that SUVs were similarly robust without. In order to advance criteria for QIBs of response, we introduced the response-to-repeatability metric and discovered that not all candidate QIBs were able to discern statistically measurable changes at treatment follow-up. In our last study, we introduced a bootstrapping method to estimate sample size requirements needed to achieve a desired level of repeatability, a critical component in clinical trial design. Finally, we outlined statistical limitations to the generalizability of response criteria, which will guide appropriate implementation of imaging-based response assessment in the clinical routine. In summary, we present a statistical basis to enable quantitative imaging-based response criteria and methods to iteratively advance needs in both research and the clinic.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Comprehensive Assessment of Uncertainties and Errors in [18F]NaF PET Imaging Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Quantitative PET imaging is increasingly being used as a tool for treatment response assessment of various types of cancers, supplementing the conventional qualitative anatomical imaging. [18F]NaF is a radiotracer used for imaging of metastatic bone lesions and provides a means of visualizing and quantifying metabolic activity. [18F]NaF PET images provide better sensitivity and quantitative response assessment of the bone lesions compared to the 99mTc which is currently the clinical standard. Nevertheless, for accurate and reliable use of [18F]NaF PET for response assessment of metastatic bone lesions, many factors need to be thoroughly understood. These include the understanding of the uncertainties and errors associated with quantitative [18F]NaF PET imaging and how these uncertainties and errors impact treatment response assessment. Additionally, the reproducibility of [18F]NaF PET imaging metrics need to be assessed to determine their value as quantitative biomarkers for response assessment. This thesis work comprehensively characterized the uncertainties and errors in quantitative [18F]NaF PET imaging and investigated the impact of these uncertainties and errors on absolute and relative quantitative PET measures used in treatment response assessment. The lesions within the patients were evaluated globally and individually to understand both inter-patient and intra-patient variations. Additionally, the reproducibility of [18F]NaF PET imaging metrics such as SUV and textural features was evaluated. All these studies were performed on a multi-center clinical trial data set that used [18F]NaF PET/CT to assess treatment efficacy of metastatic bone lesions. We found that [18F]NaF PET imaging is highly reproducible; however it is affected by many uncertainties which translate to uncertainties and errors in response assessment and these need to be taken into consideration in clinical practice. We also developed and tested a methodology to quantitatively harmonize the data from the different PET/CT scanners used in the trial to increase accuracy of [18F]NaF PET/CT data. The methodology included both phantom-based and patient-based harmonization of the PET data.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 294 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Imaging Biomarkers of Treatment Response Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Quantitative imaging biomarkers -- numerical measurements derived from medical imaging that can be interpreted by clinicians - are a critical component of treatment response assessment in oncology. They can also play an important role in the design and interpretation of clinical trials, provided that they are measured following a standardized set of best practices. In this thesis, we have demonstrated the successful application of imaging biomarkers of treatment response to a clinical trial assessing the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the anti-angiogenic TKI therapeutic Axitinib. We have illustrated the challenges facing quantitative imaging biomarkers in general, and gained valuable insights into anti-angiogenic therapy in particular. We have characterized the pharmacodynamics of "withdrawal flare," a rapid increase in tumor proliferation following cessation of anti-angiogenic therapy, using quantitative imaging biomarkers derived from FLT PET. This is the first time in humans that the temporal dynamics of Axitinib withdrawal flare have been characterized, a critical step in optimizing the use of this drug in combination therapy. Although we demonstrated that significant flare occurs in patients treated with Axitinib, we also observed substantial inter-patient heterogeneity in imaging response during withdrawal. Among the sub-set of patients experiencing withdrawal flare, it was found to occur at two days post-cessation of Axitinib, with relatively little additional flare between days 2 and 7 of withdrawal. Moreover, withdrawal flare was found to be associated with poor clinical outcome. We directly compared the results of the Axitinib trial with an earlier trial of a related anti-angiogenic drug, Sunitinib, which had used the same imaging biomarkers of treatment response. The proliferative and vascular response during withdrawal of Axitinib and Sunitinib was found to be nearly identical, and there is not sufficient evidence to support any significant difference in proliferative response during treatment. We also explored intra-patient, inter-lesion response heterogeneity. However, when comparing the imaging response with pre-treatment phenotypes, no significant correlations were observed, suggesting that some underlying biological mechanisms may be driving the inter-lesion differences in response. The insights gained from this original work support several hypotheses for how to improve patient treatment. These hypotheses will be partially addressed in three new ongoing clinical trials at the University of Wisconsin.
| Author | : Ruijiang Li |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 420 |
| Release | : 2019-07-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1351208268 |
Download Radiomics and Radiogenomics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Radiomics and Radiogenomics: Technical Basis and Clinical Applications provides a first summary of the overlapping fields of radiomics and radiogenomics, showcasing how they are being used to evaluate disease characteristics and correlate with treatment response and patient prognosis. It explains the fundamental principles, technical bases, and clinical applications with a focus on oncology. The book’s expert authors present computational approaches for extracting imaging features that help to detect and characterize disease tissues for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapy response. This book is intended for audiences including imaging scientists, medical physicists, as well as medical professionals and specialists such as diagnostic radiologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. Features Provides a first complete overview of the technical underpinnings and clinical applications of radiomics and radiogenomics Shows how they are improving diagnostic and prognostic decisions with greater efficacy Discusses the image informatics, quantitative imaging, feature extraction, predictive modeling, software tools, and other key areas Covers applications in oncology and beyond, covering all major disease sites in separate chapters Includes an introduction to basic principles and discussion of emerging research directions with a roadmap to clinical translation
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 354 |
| Release | : 2012-09-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309224187 |
Download Evolution of Translational Omics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.
| Author | : Magdy M. Khalil |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 621 |
| Release | : 2016-11-07 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319400703 |
Download Basic Science of PET Imaging Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book offers a wide-ranging and up-to-date overview of the basic science underlying PET and its preclinical and clinical applications in modern medicine. In addition, it provides the reader with a sound understanding of the scientific principles and use of PET in routine practice and biomedical imaging research. The opening sections address the fundamental physics, radiation safety, CT scanning dosimetry, and dosimetry of PET radiotracers, chemistry and regulation of PET radiopharmaceuticals, with information on labeling strategies, tracer quality control, and regulation of radiopharmaceutical production in Europe and the United States. PET physics and instrumentation are then discussed, covering the basic principles of PET and PET scanning systems, hybrid PET/CT and PET/MR imaging, system calibration, acceptance testing, and quality control. Subsequent sections focus on image reconstruction, processing, and quantitation in PET and hybrid PET and on imaging artifacts and correction techniques, with particular attention to partial volume correction and motion artifacts. The book closes by examining clinical applications of PET and hybrid PET and their physiological and/or molecular basis in conjunction with technical foundations in the disciplines of oncology, cardiology and neurology, PET in pediatric malignancy and its role in radiotherapy treatment planning. Basic Science of PET Imaging will meet the needs of nuclear medicine practitioners, other radiology specialists, and trainees in these fields.
| Author | : Stefano Fanti |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 488 |
| Release | : 2021-07-07 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3030688585 |
Download Atlas of Clinical PET-CT in Treatment Response Evaluation in Oncology Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This atlas is a superb guide to the use of PET-CT for the evaluation of treatment response in oncology patients based on its ability to assess tumor metabolic status. The first part of the book explains the role of PET-CT in response evaluation in different treatment settings. For comparison, overviews of the value and limitations of CT alone, PET alone, and anatomical and functional MRI are included. Guidance is also provided on the reporting of PET-CT scans in post-therapy scenarios. The second part of the book describes and illustrates the use of PET-CT with FDG and other tracers to assess the treatment response of malignancies at different anatomic sites. Featuring a wealth of images, informative case-based discussion, and evidence-based teaching points, these disease-specific chapters clearly demonstrate the key role that PET-CT can play in distinguishing early responders from patients who are non-responders or are resistant to treatment. Prompt and accurate evaluation of treatment response is vital as we enter the era of individualized medicine, and this atlas will persuade readers of the considerable advantages of PET-CT over conventional radiological and clinical methods.
| Author | : Kalevi Kairemo |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 97 |
| Release | : 2019-11-04 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3030235777 |
Download Sodium Fluoride PET/CT in Clinical Use Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This pocket book is the first of its kind on sodium fluoride (18F-NaF)-PET and addresses skeletal as well as cardiovascular applications. In malignant metastatic diseases 18F-NaF-PET has already demonstrated its benefits in cancer staging, re-staging, follow-up and response evaluation. It also has an emerging diagnostic role in the calcified soft-tissue metastases of primary bone tumours, and can be applied to evaluate cardiovascular diseases, such as calcifications in heart valves and peripheral vascular disease. The book is divided into 11 chapters: five on oncology, four addressing the general aspects of skeletal conditions, and two on cardiovascular diseases. It offers a valuable guide for referring colleagues, nuclear medicine physicians/radiologists and aid clinicians, and highlights the main applications and limitations of 18F-NaF-PET hybrid imaging (PET/CT).
| Author | : Gary Cook |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 73 |
| Release | : 2017-07-24 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319576240 |
Download PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This pocket book explains the significant and well-documented impact that PET/CT can have on the management of prostate cancer through the provision of high-quality evidence regarding function and structure. Up-to-date information is supplied on the relevance of PET/CT to diagnosis, treatment planning, and therapy, including the emerging role of PET/CT with PSMA. Readers will also find clear explanation of the relation of the clinical and pathological background to imaging and the value of PET/CT compared with conventional radiological imaging. The book will be an excellent asset for referring clinicians, nuclear medicine/radiology physicians, radiographers/technologists, and nurses who routinely work in nuclear medicine and participate in multidisciplinary meetings. It is published within the Springer series Clinicians’ Guides to Radionuclide Hybrid Imaging, which presents contributions from professionals worldwide who share a common purpose in promoting nuclear medicine as an important imaging specialty for the diagnosis and management of oncological and non-oncological conditions.
