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Author | : John Davenport |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 128 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9401160732 |
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It is generally agreed that animal life originated in the sea and that adaptive radiation subsequently led to the colonisaHon of other environments - shores and estuaries, streams and lakes, bog, mountain and desert. In their invasion of these habitats animals left the equable, relatively stabl.e surroundings of the open sea and subjected themselves to the rigours of temperature fluctuations and extremes, a variety of ionic backgrounds, areas of depleted oxygen or the possibility of aerial exposure and potential desiccation. The spur for this radiation presumably lay in the prize of access to unexploited habitats and sources of energy. The survival of these more adventurous species has depended upon them evolving mechanisms to protect the integrity of their cellular constituents. Protoplasm can only exist within physiochemical limits which are quite narrow for each species. Water activity, salt and gas concentrations and temperature all have to be appropriate for enzyme catalysed processes to function properly within cells. Except in the open sea, environmental conditions regularly vary outside these limits. To take a familiar example; humans can only remain conscious (and hence functional) if their core (Le. deep tissues - brain, heart, liver, etc.) body temperature is maintained between about 30 and 43°C.
Author | : Gary W. Evans |
Publisher | : CUP Archive |
Total Pages | : 404 |
Release | : 1984-05-25 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9780521318594 |
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A systematic 1982 on human reactions to five environmental stress factors.
Author | : Lawrence Folinsbee |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 410 |
Release | : 2012-12-02 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0323151612 |
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Environmental Stress: Individual Human Adaptations is the result of a symposium where scientists addressed questions about individual variability in response to different environments. The symposium aimed to create more interest in the roles of age, gender, genetic heritage, and other individual differences in response to various environmental stressors. The book is divided into five sections, each dealing with one aspect of environmental stress. These are: heat stress, air pollution, work physiology (exercise), cold stress, and altitude. Circulatory adaptations to heat and exercise are discussed in the heat section while studies of sleeping patterns associated with high altitude hypoxia are tackled in the section of altitude. In the section of air pollution, the different effects of pollutants such as carbon monoxide and sulfuric acid are tackled. This text will be very useful to students and scientists in many fields such as medicine, physiological sciences, biophysics, and environmental health.
Author | : Joachim F. Wohlwill |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 118 |
Release | : 1972 |
Genre | : Environmental health |
ISBN | : |
Download Behavioral Response and Adaption to Environmental Stimulation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Irwin Altman |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 352 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1468408089 |
Download Human Behavior and Environment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The papers comprising this second volume of Human Behavior and the Environment represent, as do their predecessors, a cross section of current work in the broad area of problems dealing with interrelation ships between the physical environment and human behavior, at both the individual and the aggregate levels. Considering the two volumes as a unit, we have included papers covering a broad spectrum of problems ranging from the theoretical to the applied, and from the disciplinary-based to the interdisciplinary and professional. Approxi mately half of the papers are written by psychologists, with the remainder coming, in part, from such other disciplines as sociology, geography, and from such diverse applied and professional fields as natural recreation, landscape architecture, urban planning, and opera tions research. The volumes thus provide an overview of work on current topical problems. Yet, as the field is developing, specialization is inevitably increasing apace, and the editors as well as the publisher have become convinced of the desirability for futu're volumes in this series to be organized along topical lines, with successive volumes devoted to different aspects of this rather sprawling field. Thus, Volume 3, currently in the planning stage, will be devoted exclusively to the interaction of children with the physical environment, considered from diverse viewpoints, again including authors from diverse fields of specialization.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 493 |
Release | : 2019-07-26 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0309490111 |
Download The Promise of Adolescence Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.
Author | : George V. Coelho |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 252 |
Release | : 1970 |
Genre | : Adaptability (Psychology) |
ISBN | : |
Download Coping and Adaptation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Rudolf Bijlsma |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 325 |
Release | : 1989 |
Genre | : Adaptation (Biology) |
ISBN | : 9780817656959 |
Download Environmental Stress, Adaptation, and Evolution Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Martial Rossignol |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 258 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Adaptation (Biology) |
ISBN | : |
Download Struggle of Life Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Life emprisons stress and puts it to work. It often does so by symbiosis. Struggle is a property of life. This book presents Life as a struggle to bring the order of Mendel's Laws of heredity. The physical world tends to run out of useful energy like an old-fashioned clock. The secret of Life is, that it brings order where useful energy has gone, by a process called adaptation. This struggle of life so fashions biodiversity at all levels. Many decades of long-term experiments in test-tubes, long-term study of oceans and climates and forest ecosystem research allowed the authors to compare adaptation of life, from submicroscopic nucleotides to huge ecosystems. The sun's atomic clock beats the rhythm of environmental stress. Behaviour, rhythm and architecture were studied and explained at all levels, from molecule to plant or animal and to ecosystems. All evolution in Life follows pathways of a few steps only, joined by `biological clasps '. A clasp is like a coded biological lock at the end of a chain. A clasp opens or closes each half-path around the DNA helix., A meristem-with-leaf ('leaf-plus') opens or closes the pathway of shoot growth in plants, a ` minimal axis ' allows or blocks branching, perhaps ` homeotic genes ' in animals possess clasps. ` Critical eco-units ' stop or start ecosystem succession. Adaptation to stress requires a change of the code of the lock, that is a changed clasp, and so produces new instructions for new, adapted development. Codes are changed by plasmid transfer in DNA, meristem differentiation in plants, selective activation of seeds and eggs in mini-ecosystems. The sheer number of processes causes development to be complex and fuzzy. The struggle of Life has no mechanical precision. It creates similar but not quite the same, new, unexpected, diverse places for new, diverse structures and organisms to grow."--Site web www.nhbs.com.
Author | : Chin-Ming Ho |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 16 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
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