Energetics and Avian Behavior
Author | : V. M. Gavrilov |
Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
Total Pages | : 236 |
Release | : 1997-04 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9789057022555 |
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Author | : V. M. Gavrilov |
Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
Total Pages | : 236 |
Release | : 1997-04 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9789057022555 |
Author | : C. Carey |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2011-09-16 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781461380467 |
A symposium held in 1973 chaired and organized by William R. Dawson was the first major attempt to summarize and synthesize the existing information in the then emerging field of avian energetics. The symposium featured papers by James R. King, William A. Calder III, Vance A. Tucker, and Robert E. Ricklefs and com mentaries by George A. Bartholomew, S. Charles Kendeigh, and Eugene P. Odum. The proceedings of the symposium, Avian Energetics (Paynter 1974), played a critical role in stimulating interest and research in the field of avian energetics. Some twenty-odd years later, we are making another attempt to summarize the information in the field of avian energetics. Some obvious differences exist be tween its predecessor and this volume. Numerous improvements in methodology, such as the use of doubly labeled water to estimate metabolism in free-living birds, now allow researchers to ask questions that could not be addressed previ ously. Second, consideration of nutrition is now inseparable from that of energet ics. This merger is necessary not only because food intake is the source of both en ergy and nutrients but also because one or more nutrients, rather than energy, can be limiting for a given species in a particular instance. Finally, the study of ener getics and nutritional ecology, particularly in birds and mammals, has grown so dramatically that a single volume can now only partially cover the range of possi ble topics and can catalogue only a sampling of all the studies on the subject.
Author | : Brian K. McNab |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 331 |
Release | : 2012-04-02 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0226561240 |
Along with reproduction, balancing energy expenditure with the limits of resource acquisition is essential for both a species and a population to survive. But energy is a limited resource, as we know well, so birds and mammals—the most energy-intensive fauna on the planet—must reduce energy expenditures to maintain this balance, some taking small steps, and others extreme measures. Here Brian K. McNab draws on his over sixty years in the field to provide a comprehensive account of the energetics of birds and mammals, one fully integrated with their natural history. McNab begins with an overview of thermal rates—much of our own energy is spent maintaining our 98.6?F temperature—and explains how the basal rate of metabolism drives energy use, especially in extreme environments. He then explores those variables that interact with the basal rate of metabolism, like body size and scale and environments, highlighting their influence on behavior, distribution, and even reproductive output. Successive chapters take up energy and population dynamics and evolution. A critical central theme that runs through the book is how the energetic needs of birds and mammals come up against rapid environmental change and how this is hastening the pace of extinction.
Author | : Raymond A. Paynter |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 334 |
Release | : 1974 |
Genre | : Bioenergetics |
ISBN | : |
Author | : G. Causey Whittow |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 330 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1468448595 |
"Seabird Energetics" is a composite volume with a coherent theme. It makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of the costs of breeding, the significance of which goes far beyond physiology as a brief historical perspective may illustrate. After decades of mainly anecdotal observations by natu ralists with an interest in seabirds, there was still so little information that in 1954, David Lack in his book "The Natural Regulatiori of Animal Numbers" was forced to ignore seabirds in a way that would be unthinkable today. The late fifties, however, produced a seminal contribution to seabird ecology and behaviour in the series of papers which stemmed from the Centenary Expedi tion of the British Ornithologists' Union to Ascension Island. Not only had quantitative ecology become the norm but the interest aroused by the European Ethological approach to bird behaviour had led to properly descriptive and analytical studies of seabird behaviour. The complex interactions between social behaviour and ecology then received more attention and the sixties and seventies brought a flood of papers on ecology and on some social aspects of breeding ecology. V.C. Wynne-Edwards linked these two as part of his attempt to understand the mechanism of the regulation of animal populations in his book "Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour" (1962). He paid considerable attention to seabirds and the phenomena of clutch and brood-size, deferred breeding, "rest" years, etc., although, unfortunately, the most relevant studies were yet to come.
Author | : Manfred Enstipp |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 160 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Avian divers are confronted with a number of physiological challenges when foraging in cold water, especially at depth. Diving is believed to be particularly costly in cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) because of their poor insulation and less efficient foot-propulsion. I used open-circuit respirometry to study the energetic requirements of two Phalacrocorax species, the European shag (P. aristotelis) and the double-crested cormorant (P. auritus) when diving in a shallow (1 m) and deep (10 m) dive tank. I also investigated the modifying effects of water temperature and feeding status on dive costs. My results indicate that the energetic costs during shallow diving in European shags and double-crested cormorants are comparable to other foot-propelled divers. Metabolic rate was significantly increased when diving to greater depth and at lower water temperatures, while feeding before diving increased metabolic rate, albeit not significantly. The strong effects of depth and water temperature on cormorant diving metabolic rate are most likely a consequence of their partially wettable plumage and their reduced plumage air volume, which makes them prone to heat loss and, hence, increases thermoregulatory costs. The energetic requirements of animals have to be satisfied by intake of resources from the environment. Hence, the quest for food is a central aspect of animal behavior. Although the study of seabird foraging behaviour has greatly profited from recent technological developments, we still know little about predator-prey interactions on a fine scale. I used an underwater video array to investigate the prey-capture behaviour of double-crested cormorants foraging on live rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I tested the effects of a variety of factors on the underwater foraging behaviour of cormorants and established a functional link between prey density and cormorant prey capture rate. Prey density and behaviour both significantly affected predator performance. At prey densities below 2-3 g fish m-3 birds increased their search time during a trial drastically, while prey-encounter rate was greatly decreased. When cormorants attacked shoaling rather than solitary trout, their capture success was significantly reduced, while pursuit duration was significantly increased. Seabird energetics and behaviour are typically studied on the individual or species level. However, if we want to understand how seabirds react to environmental changes, we have to consider entire communities. In the western North Sea, a large seabird assemblage critically depends on a single fish species, the lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus), which is also exploited by an industrial fishery. I developed an algorithm to test for the capacity of four seabird species during chick-rearing in Scotland to buffer a potential decline in sandeel abundance by increasing their foraging effort in various ways. My results show that under the conditions currently operating in this region shags and guillemots (Uria aalge) may have sufficient time and energy to allow them to increase their foraging effort considerably, while Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and gannets (Morus bassanus) appear more constrained by time and energy respectively. My study suggests that during chick-rearing gannets are working at the highest metabolic level of all species considered and hence, have the least physiological capacity to increase foraging effort. This indicates that gannets could potentially be very sensitive to a reduction in sandeel abundance. My thesis emphasises the importance of taking into account seabird energetics as well as fine scale behavioural requirements, when trying to develop management schemes for fisheries that will allow the coexistence of both seabirds and human fishery in a sustainable way.
Author | : Robert Burton |
Publisher | : Alfred A. Knopf |
Total Pages | : 232 |
Release | : 1985 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : |
Describes the interplay of instinct, intelligence and learning that governs the lives and habits of feathered species.
Author | : Stephanie M. Randell |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 196 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : Bird populations |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Willard Hennemann |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 104 |
Release | : 2019-05-31 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9780530005997 |
Abstract: Doctoral dissertation examining the influence and use of spread-winged behavior in the thermoregulation of two related avian species, the anhinga and the double-created cormorant. Dissertation Discovery Company and University of Florida are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Environmental and Behavioral Influences on the Comparative Energetics of Anhingas Double-crested Cormorants and Flightless Cormorants" by Willard W. Hennemann, was obtained from University of Florida and is being sold with permission from the author. A digital copy of this work may also be found in the university's institutional repository, IR@UF. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation.
Author | : C. Carey |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1984 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |