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Solar Energetic Particles

Solar Energetic Particles
Author: Donald V. Reames
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 136
Release: 2017-03-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319508717

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This concise primer introduces the non-specialist reader to the physics of solar energetic particles (SEP) and systematically reviews the evidence for the two main mechanisms which lead to the so-called impulsive and gradual SEP events. More specifically, the timing of the onsets, the longitude distributions, the high-energy spectral shapes, the correlations with other solar phenomena (e.g. coronal mass ejections), as well as the all-important elemental and isotopic abundances of SEPs are investigated. Impulsive SEP events are related to magnetic reconnection in solar flares and jets. The concept of shock acceleration by scattering on self-amplified Alfvén waves is introduced, as is the evidence of reacceleration of impulsive-SEP material in the seed population accessed by the shocks in gradual events. The text then develops processes of transport of ions out to an observer. Finally, a new technique to determine the source plasma temperature in both impulsive and gradual events is demonstrated. Last but not least the role of SEP events as a radiation hazard in space is mentioned and a short discussion of the nature of the main particle telescope designs that have contributed to most of the SEP measurements is given.


Physical Processes in Solar Flares

Physical Processes in Solar Flares
Author: B.V. Somov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 255
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401123969

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Solar flares are very complex electromagnetic phenomena of a cataclysmic nature. Particles are accelerated to very high velocities and a variety of physical processes happen inside and outside flares. These processes can be studied by a large number of techniques from Earth and from space. The aim is to discover the physics behind solar flares. This goal is complicated because information about the flare mechanism can be obtained only in an indirect way by studying the secondary effects. This book provides three stages in the solution of the solar flare problem. Chapter one describes the connection between observational data and theoretical concepts, where it is stressed that next to investigating flares, the related non-stationary large-scale phenomena must be studied as well. The second chapter deals with secondary physical processes, in particular the study of high-temperature plasma dynamics during impulsive heating. The last chapter presents a model built on the knowledge of the two previous chapters and it constructs a theory of non-neutral turbulent current sheets. The author believes that this model will help to solve the problem of solar flares. For solar physicists, plasma physicists, high-energy particle physicists.


Radio and X-Ray Evidence for Electron Acceleration in Solar Flares

Radio and X-Ray Evidence for Electron Acceleration in Solar Flares
Author: R. T. Stewart
Publisher:
Total Pages: 16
Release: 1982
Genre:
ISBN:

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Radio and X-ray observations, as well as gamma-ray and interplanetary electron observations, are briefly reviewed for evidence of electron acceleration during solar flares. The evidence suggests that in some large flares a second stage of particle acceleration takes place where ions and electrons are accelerated to very high energies. This second stage follows no more than several minutes after the first or impulsive stage, which occurs during the initial minute or so of the solar flare. During the impulsive phase electrons are accelerated to energies of approximately approx. 10-100 keV, probably by bulk energization, where stored magnetic energy is converted into thermal energy. Energy-loss arguments favor the electrons having a quasi-thermal (near-Maxwellian) electron velocity distribution. During large flares second-phase electrons are accelerated to much higher energies, approx. 10 MeV, and appear to have a power-law velocity distribution. The second-stage acceleration mechanism may be associated with a coronal shock wave, but so far there is no clear evidence that electrons with energies> or = 100 keV are directly associated with a shock wave. (Author).


Sun, Earth and Sky

Sun, Earth and Sky
Author: Kenneth R. Lang
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 295
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642578527

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FROM THE REVIEWS "An excellent guide to present-day studies of the Sun and our stars impact on Earths space environmentcolorful (and useful) images and a thoughtful organization.A great read, written with enthusiasm and knowledge. " "An excellent guidea serious yet broadly accessible account of what science has learned about the Sun to date. With quotes from songs and poems, pictures ranging from impressionistic paintings to state-of-the-art photographs to computer graphics, this book is a delight."


Energetic Phenomena on the Sun

Energetic Phenomena on the Sun
Author: Mukul Ranjan Kundu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 450
Release: 1987
Genre: Solar flares
ISBN:

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