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| Author | : Jeremie Joffre |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 111 |
| Release | : 2023-02-10 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 2832514383 |
| Author | : Timothy W. Evans |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 434 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3642561071 |
The pathophysiology of sepsis can be regarded as a series of steps, beginning with the invasion of normally sterile tissue by microbes and the elaboration of various pro-inflammatory mediators. The final common pathway is often the development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Whereas a great deal has been learned during the past quarter century about the inflammatory processes associated with sepsis (and other related conditions, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury), our understanding is far less developed with respect to the pathophysiological events that lead to organ dysfunction under these conditions. Nevertheless, efforts by both clinical and laboratory scientists are leading to new knowledge in this area. The chapters in this volume provide a state-of-the-art overview of many aspects of the pathophysiology of organ dysfunction in critical illness.
| Author | : Hernando Gomez |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Health Sciences |
| Total Pages | : 257 |
| Release | : 2020-03-19 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0323712541 |
This issue of Critical Care Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Hernando Gomez Danies and Joseph Carcillo, focuses on Coagulation/Endothelial Dysfunction. This is one of four issues each year selected by the series consulting editor, Dr. John Kellum. Articles in this issue include, but are not limited to: Cell-cell communication breakdown and endothelial dysfunction; Role of the Tie2/Angiopoetin pathway in endothelial dysfunction; The Glycocalyx; Platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction; Role of antithrombin III and tissue factor pathway; Red blood cell dysfunction; Microvascular hemodynamics, autoregulation and mechanotransduction control of blood flow distribution; Nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction; Microvascular dysfunction; Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and atypical HUS; Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Heparin induced thrombocytopenia and Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the critically ill; Thrombocytopenia associated multiple organ failure (TAMOF); Meningococcemia; Immune consequences of endothelial dysfunction during sepsis; Therapeutic targets in thrombotic microangiopathies with a focus on endothelial disorders; and Coagulation disorders in HLH/Macrophage activation syndrome.
| Author | : A.E. Baue |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 175 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 8847022711 |
Sepsis is a syndrome or sometimes it is a clinical condition evoked by uncontrolled endotoxin-reactions. These pathophysiological alterations can disturb the organism's homeostasis leading ultimately to a condition of severe organ dysfunction which in itself means a bad prognosis for patient survival. In the last decades researchers and clinicians have been involved in process directed to a better understanding of the basic mechanisms of sepsis and MODS. The best goal will be the achievement of preventive measures and optimization of management in patients suffering severe infections and critical conditions. This objective represents a true challenge at the dawn of the XXI century.
| Author | : Robert D. Stevens |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 457 |
| Release | : 2013-09-19 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1107434424 |
Brain dysfunction is a major clinical problem in intensive care, with potentially debilitating long-term consequences for post-ICU patients of any age. The resulting extended length of stay in the ICU and post-discharge cognitive dysfunction are now recognized as major healthcare burdens. This comprehensive clinical text provides intensivists and neurologists with a practical review of the pathophysiology of brain dysfunction and a thorough account of the diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Initial sections review the epidemiology, outcomes, relevant behavioral neurology and biological mechanisms of brain dysfunction. Subsequent sections evaluate the available diagnostic options and preventative and therapeutic interventions, with a final section on clinical encephalopathy syndromes encountered in the ICU. Each chapter is rich in illustrations, with an executive summary and a helpful glossary of terms. Brain Disorders in Critical Illness is a seminal reference for all physicians and neuroscientists interested in the care and outcome of severely ill patients.
| Author | : Guillermo Gutierrez |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 381 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3642841694 |
Disturbances in peripheral O extraction can be produced in dogs treated with 2 endotoxin and thereby provide an opportunity to test theories for the origin of pathological O supply dependency or to try different treatment modalities. The 2 most serious deficiency in the current animal models is the inability to mimic the increased O demand that is observed in patients at 02 delivery rates in excess of 2 normal. A particular feature of this increased O demand is that it apparently does 2 not stimulate increased 02 extraction, although the limitation in O extraction has 2 not been explored in patients by lowering 02 supply, for obvious reasons. At least two possibilities to account for increased 02 demand could be investigated in animal models, however. The amount of 02 that is utilized in extramitochondrial pathways, which is normally on the order of 10%, may be greatly increased in ARDS and sepsis by O radical formation. There is presently no information 2 concerning how much 02 might be used in this way. Another strong possibility is that mitochondrial injury, perhaps as a result of 02 radical formation, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. Some evidence presently in the literature supports this idea [19]. Indeed, the association of increased blood lactate levels with higher than expected 02 demands makes uncoupling a very attractive hypothesis that warrants further investigation in animal models using such agents as 2,4-dinitrophenol. References 1.
| Author | : Israel Vlodavsky |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 871 |
| Release | : 2020-04-09 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3030345211 |
Written by internationally recognized leaders in Heparanase biology, the book’s eight chapters offer an opportunity for scientists, clinicians and advanced students in cell biology, tumor biology and oncology to obtain a comprehensive understanding of Heparanase’s multifaceted activities in cancer, inflammation, diabetes and other diseases, as well as its related clinical applications. Proteases and their involvement in cancer progression have been well addressed and documented; however, the emerging premise presented within this book is that Heparanase is a master regulator of aggressive cancer phenotypes and crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment. This endoglycosidase contributes to tumor-mediated remodeling of the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces, augmenting the bioavailability of pro-tumorigenic and pro-inflammatory growth factors and cytokines that are bound to Heparan sulfate. Compelling evidence ties Heparanase with all steps of tumor progression including tumor initiation, growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance, supporting the notion that Heparanase is an important contributor to the poor outcome of cancer patients and a validated target for therapy. Unlike Heparanase, heparanase-2, a close homolog of Heparanase, lacks enzymatic activity, inhibits Heparanase, and regulates selected genes that promote normal differentiation and tumor suppression. Written by internationally recognized leaders in Heparanase biology, this volume presents a comprehensive understanding of Heparanase’s multifaceted activities in cancer, inflammation, diabetes and other diseases, as well as its related clinical applications to scientists, clinicians and advanced students in cell biology, tumor biology and oncology.
| Author | : Geoffrey A. Donnan |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 354 |
| Release | : 2007-04-13 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1420047353 |
The Ischemic Penumbra presents the current status of concepts and research on this topic and identifies the latest methods for clinicians to quickly and efficiently recognize viable cerebral tissue for enhanced stroke management. Focusing on state-of-the-science technologies and current trends, the book examines imaging strategies utilizing PET, SP
| Author | : Webb |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 1961 |
| Release | : 2020-01-10 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0198855435 |
Now in paperback, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text covering all aspects of adult intensive care management. Uniquely this text takes a problem-orientated approach providing a key resource for daily clinical issues in the intensive care unit. The text is organized into short topics allowing readers to rapidly access authoritative information on specific clinical problems. Each topic refers to basic physiological principles and provides up-to-date treatment advice supported by references to the most vital literature. Where international differences exist in clinical practice, authors cover alternative views. Key messages summarise each topic in order to aid quick review and decision making. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Careprovides an up-to-date reference that is relevant for intensive care units and emergency departments globally. This volume is the definitive text for all health care providers, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals who take care of critically ill patients.
| Author | : Michel Félétou |
| Publisher | : Morgan & Claypool Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 309 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1615041230 |
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
