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El nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano y la destrucción del Estado democrático por el juez constitucional

El nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano y la destrucción del Estado democrático por el juez constitucional
Author: Allan R. Brewer Carias
Publisher: CANOPUS EDITORIAL DIGITAL SA
Total Pages: 293
Release: 2023-11-24
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9563923650

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"El Juez Constitucional, sea que se trate de un Tribunal Constitucional especializado o de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de un país, tiene como misión esencial el garantizar la vigencia de la Constitución, y con ello, la vigencia del Estado democrático de derecho; asegurar el derecho del pueblo a ser gobernado por sus representantes electos mediante sufragio; preservar el funcionamiento del Estado bajo el principio de la separación de poderes, y velar porque todos los órganos del Estado acaten la Constitución. Bajo ese ángulo, por tanto, es inconcebible que un Juez Constitucional pueda tener como misión la de demoler el Estado de derecho y, con ello, destruir las bases del sistema democrático representativo y participativo. Sin embargo, eso fue precisamente lo que ocurrió en Venezuela a partir de 1999, y durante los últimos 20 años (1999-2018), cuando el Juez Constitucional se convirtió en el más importante y perverso instrumento utilizado por el régimen autoritario que asaltó el poder en 1999, mal utilizando métodos democráticos, para demoler los principios de la democracia. Este libro del profesor Allan R. Brewer-Carías analiza ese proceso, de cómo, siguiendo las propuestas formuladas bajo el mote de un “nuevo constitucionalismo” que un grupo de profesores españoles lograron introducir en América Latina de la mano de Presidentes autoritarios, primero en Venezuela, con Hugo Chávez, y luego en Ecuador y Bolivia, con Rafael Correa y Evo Morales; se fueron demoliendo progresivamente los principios de la democracia representativa bajo el espejismo de sustituirla por una falaz “democracia participativa,” cuyos principios, aparte de quedar algunos plasmados en el texto de las Constituciones, no llegaron a implementarse, y resultaron ser una gran mentira. Todo ese proceso destructivo se basó en la propuesta inicial de la convocatoria de Asambleas Constituyente “populares” no reguladas ni previstas en los textos constitucionales, las cuales abrieron la puerta para que las Constituciones perdieran todo principio de rigidez y supremacía. El resultado –y es el caso de Venezuela que se estudia en este libro– fue un catastrófico desmantelamiento de los principios democráticos y de la separación de poderes, lamentablemente ejecutado desde dentro del propio Estado, utilizándose para ello al propio Juez Constitucional, el cual, como instrumento malévolo, fue dictando sentencias tras sentencias, “a la carta” o a la medida, tal como le fue requerido por el Poder Ejecutivo conforme avanzaba la entronización del régimen autoritario. El objeto central de este libro es el estudio de todas esas sentencias".


Constitutional Law in Venezuela

Constitutional Law in Venezuela
Author: Allan R. Brewer-Carías
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 637
Release: 2023-08-20
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403514175

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Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this very useful analysis of constitutional law in Venezuela provides essential information on the country’s sources of constitutional law, its form of government, and its administrative structure. Lawyers who handle transnational matters will appreciate the clarifications of particular terminology and its application. Throughout the book, the treatment emphasizes the specific points at which constitutional law affects the interpretation of legal rules and procedure. Thorough coverage by a local expert fully describes the political system, the historical background, the role of treaties, legislation, jurisprudence, and administrative regulations. The discussion of the form and structure of government outlines its legal status, the jurisdiction and workings of the central state organs, the subdivisions of the state, its decentralized authorities, and concepts of citizenship. Special issues include the legal position of aliens, foreign relations, taxing and spending powers, emergency laws, the power of the military, and the constitutional relationship between church and state. Details are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable time-saving tool for both practising and academic jurists. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Venezuela will welcome this guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative constitutional law.


Territory

Territory
Author: David Delaney
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 176
Release: 2008-04-15
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1405153059

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This short introduction conveys the complexities associated with the term "territory" in a clear and accessible manner. It surveys the field and brings theory to ground in the case of Palestine. A clear and accessible introduction to the complexities associated with the term "territory". Provides an interdisciplinary survey of the many strands of research in the field. Addresses specific areas including interpretations of territorial structures; the relationship between territoriality and scale; the validity and fluidity of territory; and the practical, social processes associated with territorial re-configurations. Stresses that our understanding of territory is inseparable from our understanding of power. Uses Israel/Palestine as an extended illustrative case study. The author’s strong legal and geographical background gives the work an authoritative perspective.


Innovation and Transition in Law: Experiences and Theoretical Settings

Innovation and Transition in Law: Experiences and Theoretical Settings
Author:
Publisher: Dykinson
Total Pages:
Release:
Genre:
ISBN: 8413773091

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This book features a discussion on the modernisation of law and legal change, focusing on the key concepts of innovation" and "transition". These concepts both appear to be relevant and poorly defined in contemporary legal science. A critical reflection on the heuristic value of these categories seems appropriate, particularly considering their dyadic value. While innovation is increasingly appearing in the present day as being the category in which one looks at the modernisation of law, the concept of transition also seems to be the privileged place of occurrence for such dynamics. This group of Italian and Brazilian scholars contributing to this volume intends to investigate such problems through an interdisciplinary prism. It includes points of view both internal to legal studies - such as the history of law, theory of law, constitutional law, private law and commercial law - and external, such as political philosophy and history of justice and political institutions.


Weak Courts, Strong Rights

Weak Courts, Strong Rights
Author: Mark Tushnet
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2009-07-20
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1400828155

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Unlike many other countries, the United States has few constitutional guarantees of social welfare rights such as income, housing, or healthcare. In part this is because many Americans believe that the courts cannot possibly enforce such guarantees. However, recent innovations in constitutional design in other countries suggest that such rights can be judicially enforced--not by increasing the power of the courts but by decreasing it. In Weak Courts, Strong Rights, Mark Tushnet uses a comparative legal perspective to show how creating weaker forms of judicial review may actually allow for stronger social welfare rights under American constitutional law. Under "strong-form" judicial review, as in the United States, judicial interpretations of the constitution are binding on other branches of government. In contrast, "weak-form" review allows the legislature and executive to reject constitutional rulings by the judiciary--as long as they do so publicly. Tushnet describes how weak-form review works in Great Britain and Canada and discusses the extent to which legislatures can be expected to enforce constitutional norms on their own. With that background, he turns to social welfare rights, explaining the connection between the "state action" or "horizontal effect" doctrine and the enforcement of social welfare rights. Tushnet then draws together the analysis of weak-form review and that of social welfare rights, explaining how weak-form review could be used to enforce those rights. He demonstrates that there is a clear judicial path--not an insurmountable judicial hurdle--to better enforcement of constitutional social welfare rights.


Employment in Metropolitan Areas

Employment in Metropolitan Areas
Author: United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Publisher:
Total Pages: 126
Release: 1947
Genre: Labor supply
ISBN:

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The New Constitutional Order

The New Constitutional Order
Author: Mark Tushnet
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 277
Release: 2009-02-09
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1400825555

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In his 1996 State of the Union Address, President Bill Clinton announced that the "age of big government is over." Some Republicans accused him of cynically appropriating their themes, while many Democrats thought he was betraying the principles of the New Deal and the Great Society. Mark Tushnet argues that Clinton was stating an observed fact: the emergence of a new constitutional order in which the aspiration to achieve justice directly through law has been substantially chastened. Tushnet argues that the constitutional arrangements that prevailed in the United States from the 1930s to the 1990s have ended. We are now in a new constitutional order--one characterized by divided government, ideologically organized parties, and subdued constitutional ambition. Contrary to arguments that describe a threatened return to a pre-New Deal constitutional order, however, this book presents evidence that our current regime's animating principle is not the old belief that government cannot solve any problems but rather that government cannot solve any more problems. Tushnet examines the institutional arrangements that support the new constitutional order as well as Supreme Court decisions that reflect it. He also considers recent developments in constitutional scholarship, focusing on the idea of minimalism as appropriate to a regime with chastened ambitions. Tushnet discusses what we know so far about the impact of globalization on domestic constitutional law, particularly in the areas of international human rights and federalism. He concludes with predictions about the type of regulation we can expect from the new order. This is a major new analysis of the constitutional arrangements in the United States. Though it will not be received without controversy, it offers real explanatory and predictive power and provides important insights to both legal theorists and political scientists.


International Law for Humankind

International Law for Humankind
Author: Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Total Pages: 753
Release: 2013-06-17
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9004255079

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This volume is an updated and revised version of the General Course on Public International Law delivered by the Author at The Hague Academy of International Law in 2005. Professor Cançado Trindade, Doctor honoris causa of seven Latin American Universities in distinct countries, was for many years Judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and President of that Court for half a decade (1999-2004). He is currently Judge of the International Court of Justice; he is also Member of the Curatorium of The Hague Academy of International Law, as well as of the Institut de Droit International, and of the Brazilian Academy of Juridical Letters.