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Einstein's Clocks, Poincare's Maps (George B. Pegram Lecture Series).

Einstein's Clocks, Poincare's Maps (George B. Pegram Lecture Series).
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

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In the standard picture of the history of special relativity, Einstein's reformulation of simultaneity is considered a quasi-philosophical intervention, a move made possible by his *dis*-connection from the standard physics and technology of the day. Meanwhile, Einstein's engagement at the Patent Office enters the story as a lowly day job, irrelevant to his work on relativity. I argue, on the contrary, that Einstein's patent work located him squarely in the middle of a wealth of technological developments, cultural discussions about the meaning of time, and important patents that accompanied the coordination of clocks. And Henri Poincare, far from being lost exclusively in the far reaches of abstract mathematics, was at the same time profoundly involved with the use of precision coordinated clocks for long-distance longitude determination. Indeed, at a crucial moment in the development of Poincare's own thoughts on simultaneity, he was presiding of over the Paris Bureau of Longitude. By understanding the history of coordinated clocks, Einstein's and Poincare's work in relativistic physics shines in a very different light: the "modern" of "modern physics" stood was the intersection of physics, technology, and philosophy.


Einstein's Clocks, Poincaré's Maps

Einstein's Clocks, Poincaré's Maps
Author: Peter Galison
Publisher:
Total Pages: 389
Release: 2004
Genre: Horology
ISBN: 9780340794487

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In May 1905, Einstein published his theory of relativity, changing time forever. This title is a dramatic account of the quest to synchronize time that culminated in the revolutionary theory. As Peter Galison argues, relativity was borne of urgent practical necessity. Clocks and trains, telegraphs and colonial conquest: the challenges of the late 19th century provided an indispensable real-world background to the theoretical breakthrough. Europe's burgeoning rail network. Only a century ago, the continent had hundred of time zones and no universal system for synchronizing them. Given that local time could vary from town to town, scheduling rail services was hard - but vital, not least to stop trains from colliding as they hurtled in opposite directions along singles tracks. In his role as president of the French Bureau of Longitude - a remit of which was to map colonial Africa - Henri Poincare grappled with a similar issue. Synchronized clocks, set by telegraph signal from Paris, were necessary to determine longitude and provide the precise coordinates his cartographers needed. to tell the story of these two giants - whose concrete preoccupations engaged them in a silent race towards a theory that overturned 200 years' received thinking.


Mining and Selling Radium and Uranium

Mining and Selling Radium and Uranium
Author: Roger F. Robison
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 271
Release: 2014-12-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319118307

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Presented here is the story of the mining and sale of uranium and radium ore through biographical vignettes, chemistry, physics, geology, geography, occupational health, medical utilization, environmental safety and industrial history. Included are the people and places involved over the course of over 90 years of interconnected mining and sale of radium and uranium, finally ending in 1991 with the abandonment of radium paint and medical devices, Soviet nuclear parity, and the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act.


Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of Madame Marie Sklodowska Curie’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of Madame Marie Sklodowska Curie’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Author: M. -H. Chiu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 253
Release: 2012-01-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9460917194

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This book is a companion to the IYC-2011 celebration. The eleven chapters are organized into three sections: Section 1: Marie Curie’s Impact on Science and Society, Section 2: Women Chemists in the Past Two Centuries, and Section 3: Policy Implications. The authors invited to contribute to this book were asked to orient their chapter around a particular aspect of Marie Curie’s life such as the ethical aspects of her research, women’s role in research or her influence on the image of chemists. Our hope is that this book will positively influence young women’s minds and decisions they make in learning of chemistry/science like Marie Curie’s biography. But we do hope this book opens an avenue for young women to explore the possibility of being a scientist, or at least to appreciate chemistry as a human enterprise that has its merit in contributing to sustainability in our world. Also we hope that both men and women will realize that women are fully competent and capable of conducting creative and fascinating scientific research.


Eye on the Sky

Eye on the Sky
Author: Donald E. Osterbrock
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 325
Release: 2010-04-12
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0520268695

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The world's first mountain-top observatory and America's first big-science research center, Lick Observatory exemplifies astronomy's dramatic development in the past century. A dedicated Confederate naval officer and his jack-of-all-trades foreman used the bequest of a miserly California eccentric to transform an isolated mountain peak into the world's premier research observatory. Its first staff included a director from West Point and three of the outstanding astronomers of their time. Since its dedication in 1888, Lick Observatory has been the site of many of the most important discoveries in astronomy. Eye on the Sky presents Lick Observatory from the point of view of the people who breathed life into its giant telescopes. Their community was both constant and constantly transformed, shaped by workers famous and unknown who made it their home. The authors also explain in terms anyone can understand the laboratory advances that were adapted to telescopes to make them more powerful, and the conceptual breakthroughs that discoveries at the telescope helped bring about. The men and women who went to the top of Mount Hamilton in search of greater knowledge of the skies helped to change our conception of the universe and our place in it . They were people with personal and political lives as well as scientific careers, and their story illuminates a time and a place where foundations were laid for the discoveries of the next century.


Marie Curie: A Life

Marie Curie: A Life
Author: Susan Quinn
Publisher: Plunkett Lake Press
Total Pages: 397
Release: 2019-07-31
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN:

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Marie Curie was long idealized as a selfless and dedicated scientist, not entirely of this world. But Quinn's Marie Curie is, on the contrary, a woman of passion — born in Warsaw under the repressive regime of the Russian czars, outspokenly committed to the cause of a free Poland, deeply in love with her husband Pierre but also, after his tragic death, capable of loving a second time and of standing up against the cruel, xenophobic attacks which resulted from that love. This biography gives a full and lucid account of Marie and Pierre Curie’s scientific discoveries, placing them within the revelatory discoveries of the age. At the same time, it provides a vivid account of Marie Curie’s practical genius: the X-Ray mobiles she created to save French soldiers' lives during World War I, as well as her remarkable ability to raise funds and create a laboratory that drew researchers to Paris from all over the world. It is a story which transforms Marie Curie from an bloodless icon into a woman of passion and courage. "Quinn's portrait of Curie is rich and captivating. Quinn strives to peel back... layers of myth and idealization that have grown up around the physicist... She succeeds beautifully. Quinn has written a worthy successor to her previous work, the award-winning biography of American psychiatrist Karen Horney." — Washington Post Book World (page 1) "A touching, three-dimensional portrait of the Polish-born scientist and two-time Nobel Prize winner." — Kirkus "I've read many biographies of Marie Curie and Susan Quinn's is magnificent. It's so complete and so evocative that I can't imagine anyone coming away from reading it without feeling they actually know Marie Curie." — Alan Alda "Quinn portrays a woman who was both independent and ambitious, in a society that was unprepared for either. The result is a fresh, powerful new biography of a very human Marie Curie... This is an exemplary work, rich in the details and connections that bring a person and her era to life. It is certain to be this generations' definitive biography of Marie Curie." — Science "Quinn breaks ground in her detailed description, drawn from newly available papers, of Marie's life after Pierre's accidental death in 1906. At first so grief-stricken she neglected her two daughters, Irene and Eve, Marie later had a love affair with French scientist Paul Langevin. Because Langevin was married, Marie was vilified by the French press and was almost denied the 1911 Nobel Prize for chemistry." —Publishers Weekly "Susan Quinn's excellent biography gives a lucid account of Curie's contribution to our understanding of 'things'... but Quinn also draws on new material to paint a more rounded and attractive picture of Curie the person... For Marie, the enchantment of her science never waned, and it is this enchantment which Quinn's biography communicates so well." — London Observer


James Lick's Monument

James Lick's Monument
Author: Helen Wright
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2003-02-13
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9780521534550

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This is a remarkable story of the building of the Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton in California. Helen Wright's informative account vividly describes the founding of the observatory by the millionaire James Lick, as well as the pioneering role that Captain Richard Floyd played in its eight-year construction. The author details the personalities, the many unique circumstances, and the extraordinary production obstacles that were involved in the building of the first high-altitude astronomical observatory, which was finally opened as part of the University of California on June 1, 1888. Based on exhaustive research, this work makes a valuable contribution to the history of astronomy. The volume is enhanced by a fascinating collection of original photographs from the period that are of great historical interest. James Lick's Monument will appeal to a wide audience, including professional and amateur astronomers, historians of science, and all other readers interested in astronomy and its history.


Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives

Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives
Author: Pnina G. Abir-Am
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
Total Pages: 388
Release: 1987
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780813512563

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These pioneering studies of women in science pay special attention to the mutual impact of family life and scientific career. The contributors address five key themes: historical changes in such concepts as scientific career, profession, patronage, and family; differences in "gender image" associated with various branches of science; consequences of national differences and emigration; opportunities for scientific work opened or closed by marriage; and levels of women's awareness about the role of gender in science. An international group of historians of science discuss a wide range of European and American women scientists--from early nineteenth-century English botanists to Marie Curie to the twentieth-century theoretical biologist, Dorothy Wrinch.


Madame Curie

Madame Curie
Author: Eve Curie
Publisher: Doubleday
Total Pages: 419
Release: 2013-02-06
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 0307819124

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Marie Sklodowska Curie (1867–1934) was the first woman scientist to win worldwide acclaim and was, indeed, one of the great scientists of the twentieth century. Written by Curie’s daughter, the renowned international activist Eve Curie, this biography chronicles Curie’s legendary achievements in science, including her pioneering efforts in the study of radioactivity and her two Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry. It also spotlights her remarkable life, from her childhood in Poland, to her storybook Parisian marriage to fellow scientist Pierre Curie, to her tragic death from the very radium that brought her fame.