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The O- and N- heterocycles are widely found in natural products as well as in pharmaceuticals and other fine chemicals, and many heterocycles have additional interest from their structural, mechanistic or biological points of view. Driven by this ubiquitous occurrence of the O- and N- heterocycles, their economic importance and academic significance, the already rich and imaginative chemistry of these compounds is still growing at a steady pace. In this three-volume publication, more than thirty groups of expert chemists from different latitudes covering four continents and twenty countries and nationalities, including Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, and United States, provide exhaustive, well documented and up-to-date reviews on their fields of research. These contributions cover different aspects of the modern chemistry of O- and N- heterocycles, reflecting its state of the art in various specific areas of research; in addition, personal accounts are also provided by many scientists, reporting the most relevant contributions in specific areas and recent advances of their own research. Many of the most important heterocycles are included in the publication. The exhaustively referenced reviews have been arranged trying to follow a set of arbitrary criteria, which included the heteroatom(s) involved, the size of the rings, the number of rings and the structural complexity of the products; the use of specific starting materials, reagents or techniques and the access to specific products has also guided the classification process. Analogous criteria have been employed in order to arrange the chapters within each volume. In general, chapters have been systematically arranged in order of increasing ring size and structural complexity of the different target molecules, from the small sized aziridines up to macroheterocycles and heterocyclic-based dendrimers. Additional space was reserved for new methodologies for the synthesis of O- and N-heterocycles, such as solid-supported and microwave-assisted organic synthesis and flash vacuum pyrolysis and the use of specific transformations in the synthesis of O- and N-heterocycles, such as ring closing metathesis, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and the Paulson-Khand reaction. The Editors gratefully acknowledge the extra time, effort and kind cooperation of all of the contributing authors and their co-workers, which have greatly helped putting forward this publication, and hope this book will constitute not only a convenient means for updating specific areas of the synthetic chemistry of O- and N-heterocycles, but also an important reference for ongoing research and a useful starting point for new and original projects and chemical developments.