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Ecological Impacts of Tsunamis on Coastal Ecosystems

Ecological Impacts of Tsunamis on Coastal Ecosystems
Author: Jotaro Urabe
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 410
Release: 2016-10-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 4431564489
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This book focuses on the ecological impacts of the Great East Japan Earthquake and resulting tsunamis, a rare and extremely large disturbance event, on various coastal ecosystems in Japan’s Tohoku area, including sub-tidal and tidal animal communities, sand dune plant communities and coastal forests. The studies presented here describe not only how species and populations in these ecosystems were disturbed by the earthquake and tsunamis, but also how the communities have responded to the event and what types of anthropogenic activities will hamper their recovery processes. In the ecological sciences, it is often argued that large disturbances are critical to shaping community structures and biodiversity in local and regional habitats. However, our understanding of these roles remains limited, simply because there have been few opportunities to examine and address the ecological impacts of large disturbance events. The scale of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake makes it one of the largest hazards in the past 1000 years. Thus, this book provides a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of the ecological impacts of large and rare disturbances and the implications of these events in the conservation and management of coastal ecosystems. Following an outline of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the book’s content is divided into two major parts. Part I reports on studies examining the ecological impacts of the tsunamis on sub-tidal and tidal animal communities, while Part II focuses on terrestrial plant communities in Japan’s coastal Tohoku area. This book will benefit all scientists interested in the ecological impacts of large disturbances on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in general, and especially those who are interested in the ecological management of coastal ecosystems and Ecosystem based Disaster Risk Reduction (EcoDRR).

Tsunamis and Earthquakes in Coastal Environments

Tsunamis and Earthquakes in Coastal Environments
Author: V. Santiago-Fandino
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2016-04-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319285289
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This monograph is a compilation of a number of research studies presented in fourteen chapters dealing with the impact and restoration of coastal environments that have been affected by earthquakes and tsunamis. The focus is mainly on rivers, estuaries, coastal lagoons, beaches, and related ecosystems. In addition to direct impact and response due to flooding and subsequent abrasion, this publication covers physical, chemical and biological responses in coastal morphology, water quality and ecosystems and includes also topics dealing with risk reduction and vulnerability. This compilation mainly covers examples from large magnitude earthquake and tsunami events in the Indian and Pacific Ocean that are complemented with other events in Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. Comprehensive descriptions of multi-scale impacts of tsunami and earthquake events, both spatially and temporally, will help the reader to understand the complicated interactions which occur in coastal zones in order to create a sustainable, resilient environment and achieve a society with smart post-event recovery planning. This book is aimed at researchers and students in coastal science and engineering as well as at policy makers, environmental planners and coastal managers.

After the Tsunami

After the Tsunami
Author:
Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2005
Genre: History
ISBN: 9789280725650
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The earthquake and tsunami of 26 December 2004 devastated coastal communities in 12 countries in the Indian Ocean region, with Aceh Province, Sumatra, Indonesia the hardest hit. This report sets out the findings of the UNEP Asian Tsunami Disaster Task Force, set up to help national environmental authorities in the affected countries with their assessment and response to the environmental impact of the disaster. It summarises the interim findings from ongoing assessments in Indonesia, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Yemen, including evidence of environmental concerns that require immediate action. The short term clean-up programme must be coupled with policy development and strengthened institutions, and the recovery agenda will require the clean-up of contamination hotspots, and rehabilitation of critical livelihoods and ecosystems.

Tsunami Events and Lessons Learned

Tsunami Events and Lessons Learned
Author: Y.A. Kontar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 472
Release: 2013-11-04
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9400772696
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This book is a collective effort by world experts, bringing together assorted contributions presented during the Ocean Science Session OS-017, of the AOGS-AGU Joint Assembly held in Singapore in 2012 (the Asia Tsunami and Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami events). The chapters cover assessment, evaluation, forecast and lessons learned as well as environmental and societal impacts of the latest tsunamis that occurred in the Indian Ocean in 2004 and the Pacific Ocean in Japan 2011. The book is aimed at experts, scientists and decision makers seeking recent updated information, knowledge and experiences to better understand, quantify, forecast and protect coastal water resources, ecosystems, communities and human settlements which are often affected by tsunamis.

Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes

Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes
Author: Hubert-Jean Ceccaldi
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 521
Release: 2020-06-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030434842
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Coastal and estuarine environments at the interface of terrestrial and marine areas are among the most productive in the world. However, since the beginning of the industrial era, these ecosystems have been subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures intensified from the second half of the 20th century, when there was a marked acceleration in the warming (climate change) of the continents, particularly at high latitudes. Coastal ecosystems are highly vulnerable to alteration of their physical, chemical and biological characteristics (marine intrusion, acidification of marine environments, changes in ecosystems, evolution and artificialization of the coastline, etc.).In contact with heavily populated areas, these environments are often the receptacle of a lot of chemical and biological pollution sources that significantly diminish their resilience. In this context of accelerated evolution and degradation of these areas important for food security of many populations around the world, it is necessary to better identify the factors of pressure and understand, at different scales of observation, their effects and impacts on the biodiversity and on the socio-eco-systems, in order to determine the degree of vulnerability of these coastal ecosystems and the risks they face. A transdisciplinary and integrated approach is required to prevent risks. Within this framework, operational coastal oceanography occupies an important place but also the implementation of a true socio-eco-system approach in order to set up an environmentally friendly development.

Oceanography Challenges to Future Earth

Oceanography Challenges to Future Earth
Author: Teruhisa Komatsu
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 415
Release: 2019-02-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030001385
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This book documents the effects of natural hazards on coastal ecosystems in detail. The sea is an indispensable component of the Earth system, and human societies obtain many goods and services from the marine environment. Global warming threatens marine ecosystems through seawater temperature rise, acidification, sea-level rise and the increased frequency of severe storms. The repeated effects of tsunamis also have major impacts on coastal ecosystems. Increases in population and industry activities along the coast cause the degradation of coastal ecosystems through direct and indirect uses of the environment such as reclamation, overexploitation of bioresources, and pollution. Given these facts, we need to improve our understanding of the physical, chemical and biological mechanisms characterizing marine ecosystems, in order to better measure the effects of anthropogenic and natural impacts on the sea and its ecosystems. Equipped with a comprehensive understanding of the sea, including the effects of the main pressures on it, we will have a better idea of the future state of the sea based on several scenarios of global warming. The 16th France-Japan Symposium on Marine Science focused on using advances in oceanography to better understand the current status of the sea from physical, chemical, biological and ecological perspectives, including fishery sciences and integrated approaches.

Biotic Evolution and Environmental Change in Southeast Asia

Biotic Evolution and Environmental Change in Southeast Asia
Author: David Gower
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 499
Release: 2012-07-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1139536222
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The flora and fauna of Southeast Asia are exceptionally diverse. The region includes several terrestrial biodiversity hotspots and is the principal global hotspot for marine diversity, but it also faces the most intense challenges of the current global biodiversity crisis. Providing reviews, syntheses and results of the latest research into Southeast Asian earth and organismal history, this book investigates the history, present and future of the fauna and flora of this bio- and geodiverse region. Leading authorities in the field explore key topics including palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, biogeography, population genetics and conservation biology, illustrating research approaches and themes with spatially, taxonomically and methodologically focused case studies. The volume also presents methodological advances in population genetics and historical biogeography. Exploring the fascinating environmental and biotic histories of Southeast Asia, this is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers as well as environmental NGOs.

Seychelles

Seychelles
Author:
Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint
Total Pages: 64
Release: 2005
Genre: Disaster relief
ISBN: 9789280726541
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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka
Author:
Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint
Total Pages: 87
Release: 2005
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9280726536
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Documents the main features of the tsunami, the many ways in which it affected and was affected by coastal landforms, ecosystems, farmlands and settlements. Looks at the consequences of its impact and highlights the key issues, including those to do with debris and waste management, sustainable sourcing of drinking water, land drainage, deforestation pressures, and disaster preparedness. Contains a number of recommendations for action on which an indicative portfolio of proposed remediation projects is based.

Coastal Ecosystems

Coastal Ecosystems
Author: Rattan K. Datta
Publisher:
Total Pages: 363
Release: 2008-01-01
Genre: Coastal ecology
ISBN: 9788170355571
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Coastal zones contain many of the Earth s most complex and diverse ecological systems, productive in both the biological and economic senses. Coastal region includes inshore waters, inter-tidal areas and extensive tracts of contiguous land. Coastal zones are not only economically valuable for fisheries, commerce, navigation and recreation, but also include some of the most ecologically important environments. Regrettably, these economic, social, and environmental benefits are at a risk as the coastal zones are affected by both gradual and recurrent processes such as accretion and erosion and by extreme natural events such as floods, hurricanes, typhoons, tsunamis, earthquakes and severe storms. This is further aggravated due to increased economic activity within the coastal zones resulting in costly damages to property, society economy and environment. This combination of natural and human forces and the uncertainties involved in their origins and impacts presents major challenges to coastal managers. In order to address some of the above issues, the NAM S&T Centre organized an international workshop-cum-training course on Coastal Ecosystem: Hazards Management and Rehabilitation at Purwokerto, Indonesia during 8-17 August 2006 and brought out this publication which includes a collection of 26 selected research/review papers on various aspects of Coastal Ecosystems. The publication has been presented in four parts, namely General Topics on Physical Oceanography; Impect Studies related to Tsunami, Tropical Cyclones and Toxic Contamination; General Coastal Management Issues, including use of GIS and Remote Sensing Technologies; and Country Reports and Case Studies on Coastal Ecosystem. The material presented in this volume will serve as a valuable reference material for the professionals working in the area of coastal ecosystems and coastal hazards management and will help the developing countries in working out scientific solutions for management of hazards affecting the coastal ecosystems. Contents Part I: General Topics on Physical Oceanography; Chapter 1: An Introduction to Physical Oceanography by Peter E Damm; Chapter 2: Tsunami and Coastal Disaster Risk Management in Indonesia by Eberhard Krain, Dewi Yanurita and Anne-Katrin Link; Chapter 3: Weather Forecasting: Atmospheric Modelling by Rattan K Datta; Chapter 4: Global Climate and Regional Environmental Change Affecting Coastal Ecosystems: I Biogeochemistry During Anthropocene by Tim C Jennerjahn; Chapter 5: Global Climate and Regional Environmental Change Affecting Coastal Ecosystems: II Ecology and Resources of Mangrove Forests by Inga Nordhaus; Chapter 6: Application of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Mathematical Modelling in Coastal Area and Hazard Management by R S Kankara; Chapter 7: Coastal Ecosystem, Rehabilitation, Hazards, Vulnerability and Management in India by A L Ramanathan, S K Varshney and S Chidhanbaram; Chapter 8: Assessing the Economic Value of Coastal Ecosystem for coastal Management by M Suparmoko; Chapter 9: The Role of Mangrove Ecosystem as Natural Barrier to Environmental Hazards by Rudhi Pribadi; Part II: Impact Studies Related to Tsunami, Tropical Cyclones and Toxic Contamination; Chapter 10: Some Aspects of Coastal Zone Management in Sri Lanka Including Impact of Tsunami: A Review by M S Rupasinghe and M S J Perera; Chapter 11: Mapping of Aquaculture Pond Damaged After Tsunami Along East Coast: Assessment of Damage Levels by Z A Muchlisin; Chapter 12: The Impact of Cyclone 2A on the Tidal Link Drain and Adjacent Areas Based on Historical Data by Syed Moazzam Ali; Chapter 13: Effects of Hurricane Dennis on Jardines de la Reina by Fabian Pina Amargos, Andres Jimenez Castillo, Felix Martin Blanco, Abdel Zayas Fernandez and Wilbert Acosta de la Red; Chapter 14: Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Contaminants in Sediment and Fish Samples of the Western Coast of Alexandria, Egypt by Tarek Othman Said; Chapter 15: The 2001 Fish Kill in Kuwait and the Outcomes Following the Phenomena by Abdullah AI-Zaidan; Chapter 16: The Disributiion of Heavy Metal Pb, Crand Cd in Water, Sediment, and Mud Crab, Scylla serrata of Donan River, Segara Anakan Central Java, Indonesia by Annisa Rahmawati Jumhan, Asrul Sahri Siregar, Edy yuwono and Purnama Sukardi; Part III: General Coastal Management Issues Including Use of GIS and Remote Sensing Technologies; Chapter 17: Coastal Ecosystems Status in Bottom-Up vs Top-Down Pressures by Luis O Duarte; Chapter 18: Kenya Coastal Ecosystems: Sustainable Resource and Hazards Management by J N Kamau and J M Kazungu; Chapter 19: The Role of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Hazard Prediction and Management of the Coastal Mangroves of Kenya by Ogalleh Sarah Ayeri; Chapter 20: Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development in Fragile Coastal Ecosystems: Operational Planning for Envirnmental Rehabilitation in Cuba by Lourds Ruiz Gutierrez; Chapter 21: Human Security vs Mangrove Destruction: Case Studies from East Coast of India by Rita Chauhan, Gurmeet singh and A L Ramanathan; Part IV: Coastal Ecosystem: Country Reports and Case Studies; Chapter 22: The Status of Biodiversity in State of Kuwait by Mahmoud Al Khabbaz; Chapter 23: Status of Coastal Ecosystem in Mauritius by M Nallee; Chapter 24: Status of Coastal Ecosystem in Myanmar; Chapter 25: Syrian Coast and Environmental Challenges by Syrian Coast and Environmental Challenges by Ahmad Kara-Ali; Chapter 26: Effects of Coastal Hazards on Lagoonal Ecosytems in the Centre of Vietnam and Measures for Mitigation by Nguyen Huu Cu.