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Pesticide Toxicity to Non-target Organisms

Pesticide Toxicity to Non-target Organisms
Author: Johnson Stanley
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 531
Release: 2016-08-12
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9401777527

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The pesticide should cause effect on the target pests and be selective enough to spare the non-target beneficial. The book deals with the pesticide toxicity to predators, parasitoids and microbes which are used for pest management in the agroecosystem. The other beneficials exposed to pesticides are pollinators, earthworms, silkworm and fishes. The book contains information on the modes of pesticide exposure and toxicity to the organisms, sub-lethal effects of insecticides and method of toxicity assessment, risk assessment of pesticidal application in the field. The purpose of the work is to compile and present the different procedures to assess pesticide poising in organisms related to the agroecosystem along with discussions on risk assessment procedures with clear comparison of toxicity of pesticides to target pests and non target beneficial organisms.


Non-Target Effects of Pesticides on Organisms Inhabiting Agroecosystems

Non-Target Effects of Pesticides on Organisms Inhabiting Agroecosystems
Author: Johann G. Zaller
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 182
Release: 2019-10-17
Genre:
ISBN: 2889459764

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Pesticide usage is increasing worldwide and considered among the main factors contributing to the global decline in biodiversity. This Research Topic provides an overview of the state-of-knowledge regarding non-target effects of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and rodenticides on a variety of ecosystem functions and organisms. Taxa covered in the contributions include algae, amphibians, aquatic fungi, aquatic insects, bats, bumblebees, butterflies, earthworms, enchytraeids, honeybees, plants, rodents and soil microorganisms. The papers also highlight many gaps in our understanding of non-target effects of pesticides and their consequences for biodiversity and functions of various ecosystems. Overall, it became clear that priorities for future work on pesticides and their effects should more focus on investigating or simulating realistic field situations, i.e., multiple applications of pesticides during the growing season including their temporal and spatial interactions with fauna and flora.


Residue Reviews/Rückstandsberichte

Residue Reviews/Rückstandsberichte
Author: Francis A. Gunther
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 169
Release: 1971-04-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781461584605

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That residues of pesticide and other "foreign" chemicals in food stuffs are of concern to everyone everywhere is amply attested by the reception accorded previous volumes of "Residue Reviews" and by the gratifying enthusiasm, sincerity, and efforts shown by all the in dividuals from whom manuscripts have been solicited. Despite much propaganda to the contrary, there can never be any serious question that pest-control chemicals and food-additive chemicals are essential to adequate food production, manufacture, marketing, and storage, yet without continuing surveillance and intelligent control some of those that persist in our foodstuffs could at times conceivably endanger the public health. Ensuring safety-in-use of these many chemicals is a dynamic challenge, for established ones are continually being dis placed by newly developed ones more acceptable to food technologists, pharmacologists, taxicologists, and changing pest-control requirements in progressive food-producing economies. These matters are of genuine concern to increasing numbers of governmental agencies and legislative bodies around the world, for some of these chemicals have resulted in a few mishaps from improper use. Adequate safety-in-use evaluations of any of these chemicals per sisting into our foodstuffs are not simple matters, and they incorporate the considered judgments of many individuals highly trained in a variety of complex biological, chemical, food technological, medical, pharmacological, and toxicological disciplines.


Methods to Assess Adverse Effects of Pesticides on Non-Target Organisms

Methods to Assess Adverse Effects of Pesticides on Non-Target Organisms
Author: Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals
Publisher:
Total Pages: 312
Release: 1992-04-30
Genre: Medical
ISBN:

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Introduction, general conclusions and recommendations. Methods to assess exposure to pesticides: data acquisition and monitoring techniques. Methods to assess toxic effects of pesticides in humans. Methods to assess toxic effects on ecosystems. Management technologies: integrated pest management. Methods to evaluate exposures to pesticides. Role of evaluative models to assess exposure to pesticides. Exposure assessment models: accuracy and validity. Assessment of acute toxicity of pesticides on humans. Assessment of chronic effects of pesticides on humans. Ecological effects of pesticides on non-target species in terrestrial ecosystems. Methods to assess toxicity to aquatic systems in functional ecosystems. Methods to assess adverse effects on plants. Methods to evaluate adverse consequences of genetic changes caused by pesticides. Methods to anticipate effects of biotechnology on integrated pest management.


Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals

Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals
Author: Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Paul J. van den Brink, Reinier M. Mann
Publisher: Francisco Sanchez-Bayo
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2011-09-09
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1608051218

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Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals presents a comprehensive, yet readable account of the known disturbances caused by all kinds of toxic chemicals on both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Topics cover the sources of toxicants, their fate and distribution through the planet, their impacts on specific ecosystems, and their remediation by natural systems. Each chapter is written by well-known specialists in those areas, for the general public, students, and even scientists from outside this field. The book intends to raise awareness of the dangers of chemical pollution in a world dominated by industry and globalization of resources. Because the problems are widespread and far reaching, it is hoped that confronting the facts may prompt better management practices at industrial, agricultural and all levels of management, from local to governmental, so as to reduce the negative impacts of chemical contaminants on our planet.