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| Author | : John Martin |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 142 |
| Release | : 2021-04-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 2889667057 |
| Author | : Jing-Ning Zhu |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 355 |
| Release | : 2020-06-04 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 2889637344 |
Movement is the basis for many forms of behaviors, and is tightly controlled by a hierarchical system containing cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. Each level of this hierarchy contributes to motor planning, motor initiation, motor execution, and motor coordination, respectively. However, they all receive continuous sensory inputs and generate accurate sensorimotor integrations that are necessary for both predictive and reflexive/servo controls of movements. The motor system contains various types of neurons with different morphological, neurochemical and electrophysiological properties, which are significantly dependent on many intracellular signaling molecules. Interestingly, these neurons are interconnected by intricate neuronal circuits for motor control, and even interacted with other non-motor systems to orchestrate somatic-nonsomatic integration. Furthermore, synaptic and neural plasticity endows motor system with amazing abilities for not only motor learning but also compensation and recovery from motor diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, ataxias, motion sickness and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc. Therefore, the motor system is of great importance for understanding information processing, integrative function, and neural plasticity of the central nervous system. The aim of this Research Topic is to discuss the latest advances in our understanding of motor system, motor control, motor learning and motor diseases from molecular, cellular, synaptic, circuit, and behavioral levels, especially in an integrative perspective.
| Author | : Dario Farina |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 661 |
| Release | : 2013-05-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1118628632 |
Neural engineering is a discipline that uses engineering techniques to understand, repair, replace, enhance, or treat diseases of neural systems. Currently, no book other than this one covers this broad range of topics within motor rehabilitation technology. With a focus on cutting edge technology, it describes state-of-the-art methods within this field, from brain-computer interfaces to spinal and cortical plasticity. Touching on electrode design, signal processing, the neurophysiology of movement, robotics, and much more, this innovative volume collects the latest information for a wide range of readers working in biomedical engineering.
| Author | : M.D. Binder |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 499 |
| Release | : 1999-12-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0080862489 |
In the last decade, we have witnessed a striking maturation of our understanding of how neurons in the spinal cord control muscular activity and movement. Paradoxically, a host of new findings have revealed an unexpected versatility in the behavior of these well-studied neural elements and circuits. In this volume, the world's leading experts review the current state of our knowledge of motor control, outline their latest results and developments, and delineate the seminal unresolved questions in this vibrant field of research. The volume begins with a commentary and overview of our current understanding of the peripheral and spinal basis of motor control. The remainder of the volume is divided into seven sections, each focused on a different problem. The first chapter in each section provides some historical review and presages the experimental findings and hypotheses that are discussed in subsequent chapters.Topics include the biomechanics of neuromuscular systems, the properties of motoneurons and the muscle units they control, spinal interneurons, pattern generating circuits, locomotion, descending control of spinal circuits, comparative physiology of motor systems, and motor systems neurophysiology studied in man. The book serves as a unique reference volume and should be essential reading for anyone interested in motor systems. Moreover, the volume's comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics make it an effective textbook for graduate level courses in motor control neurobiology, kinesiology, physical therapy, and rehabilitation medicine.
| Author | : John W. Krakauer |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2022-06-07 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0262545837 |
An account of the neurobiology of motor recovery in the arm and hand after stroke by two experts in the field. Stroke is a leading cause of disability in adults and recovery is often difficult, with existing rehabilitation therapies largely ineffective. In Broken Movement, John Krakauer and S. Thomas Carmichael, both experts in the field, provide an account of the neurobiology of motor recovery in the arm and hand after stroke. They cover topics that range from behavior to physiology to cellular and molecular biology. Broken Movement is the only accessible single-volume work that covers motor control and motor learning as they apply to stroke recovery and combines them with motor cortical physiology and molecular biology. The authors cast a critical eye at current frameworks and practices, offer new recommendations for promoting recovery, and propose new research directions for the study of brain repair. Krakauer and Carmichael discuss such subjects as the behavioral phenotype of hand and arm paresis in human and non-human primates; the physiology and anatomy of the motor system after stroke; mechanisms of spontaneous recovery; the time course of early recovery; the challenges of chronic stroke; and pharmacological and stem cell therapies. They argue for a new approach in which patients are subjected to higher doses and intensities of rehabilitation in a more dynamic and enriching environment early after stroke. Finally they review the potential of four areas to improve motor recovery: video gaming and virtual reality, invasive brain stimulation, re-opening the sensitive period after stroke, and the application of precision medicine.
| Author | : Scott L. Hooper |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 512 |
| Release | : 2017-06-12 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1118873343 |
A multi-disciplinary look at the current state of knowledge regarding motor control and movement—from molecular biology to robotics The last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in the number of sophisticated tools and methodologies for exploring motor control and movement. Multi-unit recordings, molecular neurogenetics, computer simulation, and new scientific approaches for studying how muscles and body anatomy transform motor neuron activity into movement have helped revolutionize the field. Neurobiology of Motor Control brings together contributions from an interdisciplinary group of experts to provide a review of the current state of knowledge about the initiation and execution of movement, as well as the latest methods and tools for investigating them. The book ranges from the findings of basic scientists studying model organisms such as mollusks and Drosophila, to biomedical researchers investigating vertebrate motor production to neuroengineers working to develop robotic and smart prostheses technologies. Following foundational chapters on current molecular biological techniques, neuronal ensemble recording, and computer simulation, it explores a broad range of related topics, including the evolution of motor systems, directed targeted movements, plasticity and learning, and robotics. Explores motor control and movement in a wide variety of organisms, from simple invertebrates to human beings Offers concise summaries of motor control systems across a variety of animals and movement types Explores an array of tools and methodologies, including electrophysiological techniques, neurogenic and molecular techniques, large ensemble recordings, and computational methods Considers unresolved questions and how current scientific advances may be used to solve them going forward Written specifically to encourage interdisciplinary understanding and collaboration, and offering the most wide-ranging, timely, and comprehensive look at the science of motor control and movement currently available, Neurobiology of Motor Control is a must-read for all who study movement production and the neurobiological basis of movement—from molecular biologists to roboticists.
| Author | : Timothy Matthew Otchy |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Mastering a motor skill, such as a playing the guitar, requires precisely controlling both spatial and temporal aspects of motor output - that is, what movements to perform when. While it is generally assumed that these aspects are acquired through the same learning processes and in the same circuits, there is also evidence that the brain can control them independently. But if that's true, how is such modularity in motor control and learning implemented in neural circuitry? To probe this question, we developed a paradigm that 'trains' songbirds to change either spatial or temporal aspects of their vocal output and showed that learning in the two domains is implemented in distinct neural circuits. This dissociation extended to premotor nucleus HVC, which we showed encodes changes to temporal but not spectral song structure. Such functional modularity, i.e. different circuits learning and implementing different aspects of motor control, could serve to overcome the limitations of reinforcement learning algorithms in dealing with large task domains.
| Author | : Michael E. Selzer |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 749 |
| Release | : 2014-04-24 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 110701168X |
Volume 2 of the Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation stands alone as a clinical handbook for neurorehabilitation.
| Author | : Vernon B. Brooks |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 360 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : |
"A superb and insightful description of the area of motor control. The most modern approaches to understanding motor information are clearly described."--Emilio Bizzi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Anyone with an interest in the field will find a place for this book on the desk, in the laboratory and at the bedside....All will find stimulation to new ideas and experiments."--C.D. Marsden, Maudsley Institute of Psychiatry. "A highly enlightening overview." --Shirley A. Sahrmann, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis The first systematic text on motor neurophysiology, this authoritative study is arranged by behavioural categories such as standing, walking, intended movements, automatic responses, attention and learning, and motivation. The author shows how the nervous system processes information, how the brain learns from previous experience, and how behavioural intent is fitted to material conditions. Written by a well-known authority and integrating anatomical and physiological information, this book will be an effective text for physical/occupational therapy students and neuroscience students, and represents an important reference for neuroscientists and physiologists.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 1104 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Medicine |
| ISBN | : |
