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Dynamic Brain Imaging

Dynamic Brain Imaging
Author: Hyder Fahmeed
Publisher: Humana Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014-11-03
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9781627038812

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If a picture is worth a thousand words, then dynamic images of brain activity certainly warrant many, many more. This book will help users learn to decipher the dynamic imaging data that will be critical to our future understanding of complex brain functions. In recent years, there have been unprecedented methodological advancements in the imaging of brain activity. These techniques allow the measurement of everything from neural activity (e.g., membrane potential, ion ?ux, neurotransmitter ?ux) to energy metabolism (e.g., glucose consumption, oxygen consumption, creatine kinase ?ux) and functional hyperemia (e.g., blood ?ow, volume, oxygenation). This book deals with a variety of magnetic resonance, electrophysiology, and optical methods that are often used to measure some of these dynamic processes. All chapters were written by leading experts, spanning three continents, specializing in state-of-the-art methods. Brie?y, the book has ?ve sections. In the introductory section, there are two chapters; the ?rst one contains a brief pre- ble to dynamic brain imaging and the other presents a novel, analytical approach to processing of dynamically acquired data. The second section has four chapters and delves into a wide range of optical imaging methods. I am privileged to include a chapter from Lawrence B. Cohen, considered by many to be the authority on optical imaging and spectroscopy, both in vitro and in vivo [Cohen LB (1973) Physiol Rev.


Magnetoencephalography

Magnetoencephalography
Author: Selma Supek
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 999
Release: 2014-08-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3642330452

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Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable functional brain imaging technique that provides direct, real-time monitoring of neuronal activity necessary for gaining insight into dynamic cortical networks. Our intentions with this book are to cover the richness and transdisciplinary nature of the MEG field, make it more accessible to newcomers and experienced researchers and to stimulate growth in the MEG area. The book presents a comprehensive overview of MEG basics and the latest developments in methodological, empirical and clinical research, directed toward master and doctoral students, as well as researchers. There are three levels of contributions: 1) tutorials on instrumentation, measurements, modeling, and experimental design; 2) topical reviews providing extensive coverage of relevant research topics; and 3) short contributions on open, challenging issues, future developments and novel applications. The topics range from neuromagnetic measurements, signal processing and source localization techniques to dynamic functional networks underlying perception and cognition in both health and disease. Topical reviews cover, among others: development on SQUID-based and novel sensors, multi-modal integration (low field MRI and MEG; EEG and fMRI), Bayesian approaches to multi-modal integration, direct neuronal imaging, novel noise reduction methods, source-space functional analysis, decoding of brain states, dynamic brain connectivity, sensory-motor integration, MEG studies on perception and cognition, thalamocortical oscillations, fetal and neonatal MEG, pediatric MEG studies, cognitive development, clinical applications of MEG in epilepsy, pre-surgical mapping, stroke, schizophrenia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, autism, aging and neurodegeneration, MEG applications in cognitive neuropharmacology and an overview of the major open-source analysis tools.


In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function
Author: Ron D. Frostig
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 494
Release: 2009-05-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 142007685X

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These are exciting times for the field of optical imaging of brain function. Rapid developments in theory and technology continue to considerably advance understanding of brain function. Reflecting changes in the field during the past five years, the second edition of In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function describes state-of-the-art techniques a


When I'm 64

When I'm 64
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2006-02-13
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0309164915

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By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.


Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury

Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury
Author: Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 412
Release: 2015-12-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1498766579

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.


Neuroimaging

Neuroimaging
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2005-11-11
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780080478593

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Consisting of two separate volumes, Neuroimaging provides a state-of-the-art review of a broad range of neuroimaging techniques applied to both clinical and research settings. The breadth of the methods covered is matched by the depth of description of the theoretical background. Part A focuses on the cutting edge of research methodologies, providing a foundation for both established and evolving techniques. These include voxel-based morphometry using structural MRI, functional MRI, perfusion MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy and the technique of combining EEG and fMRI studies. Two chapters are devoted to describing methods for studying brain responses and neural models, focusing on functional connectivity, effective connectivity, dynamic causal modeling, and large-scale neural models. The important role played by brain atlases in facilitating the study of normal and diseased brain populations is described in one chapter, and the concept of neuroimaging data bases as a future resource for scientific discovery is elucidated in another. The two parts of Neuroimaging complement each other providing in-depth information on a broad range of routine and cutting edge techniques that is not available in any other text. This book is superbly written and beautifully illustrated by contributors working at the top of their chosen specialty. * Serves as an up-to-date review of cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques * Exquisitely illustrated * Authoritatively written by leading researchers


Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging
Author: Jörg Polzehl
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 231
Release: 2019-09-25
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3030291847

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This book discusses the modeling and analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired from the human brain. The data processing pipelines described rely on R. The book is intended for readers from two communities: Statisticians who are interested in neuroimaging and looking for an introduction to the acquired data and typical scientific problems in the field; and neuroimaging students wanting to learn about the statistical modeling and analysis of MRI data. Offering a practical introduction to the field, the book focuses on those problems in data analysis for which implementations within R are available. It also includes fully worked examples and as such serves as a tutorial on MRI analysis with R, from which the readers can derive their own data processing scripts. The book starts with a short introduction to MRI and then examines the process of reading and writing common neuroimaging data formats to and from the R session. The main chapters cover three common MR imaging modalities and their data modeling and analysis problems: functional MRI, diffusion MRI, and Multi-Parameter Mapping. The book concludes with extended appendices providing details of the non-parametric statistics used and the resources for R and MRI data.The book also addresses the issues of reproducibility and topics like data organization and description, as well as open data and open science. It relies solely on a dynamic report generation with knitr and uses neuroimaging data publicly available in data repositories. The PDF was created executing the R code in the chunks and then running LaTeX, which means that almost all figures, numbers, and results were generated while producing the PDF from the sources.


Quantitative MRI of the Brain

Quantitative MRI of the Brain
Author: Paul Tofts
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 650
Release: 2005-08-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0470869496

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2004 BMA Medical Book Competition Winner (Radiology category) “This is an exciting book, with a new approach to use of the MRI scanner. It bridges the gap between clinical research and general neuro-radiological practice. It is accessible to the clinical radiologist, and yet thorough in its treatment of the underlying physics and of the science of measurement. It is likely to become a classic.” British Medical Association This indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR is essential for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative methods to measure the effects of neurological disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. It contains both the methodology and clinical applications, reflecting the increasing interest in quantitative MR in studying disease and its progression. The editor is an MR scientist with an international reputation for high quality research The contributions are written jointly by MR physicists and MR clinicians, producing a practical book for both the research and medical communities A practical book for both the research and medical communities “Paul Tofts has succeeded brilliantly in capturing the essence of what needs to become the future of radiology in particular, and medicine in general – quantitative measurements of disease.” Robert I. Grossman, M.D. New York, University School of Medicine (from the Foreword)


Detection of Change

Detection of Change
Author: John Polich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 193
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1461502942

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This volume presents the first systematic overview of how event-related brain potential (ERP), cognitive electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) measures reflect the mental events arising from changes in sensory stimulation. The contents are fresh, the literature distillations highly informative, and the range of topics extremely useful for cognitive neuroscientists, psychologists, and researchers.


The Dynamic Brain

The Dynamic Brain
Author: Timothy Roger Mullen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 416
Release: 2014
Genre: Cognitive neuroscience
ISBN: 9781321234619

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"The mind is the music that neural networks play." This quote from computational neurobiologist T.J. Sejnowski underscores a growing scientific consensus that studying the structure and function of vast networks of connections between brain regions is essential to understanding cognitive and affective state maintenance, sensorimotor information processing and control, etiologies and remedies for numerous neuropathologies, as well as a host of other facets of our conscious (and non-conscious) experience. Towards this goal, an ongoing challenge lies in identifying - in vivo in humans - spatiotemporal cortical network dynamics, at the level of individuals and groups, across experimental task conditions, and at the level of single trials. In the opening chapter of this dissertation, I introduce the Source Information Flow Toolbox (SIFT), a novel open-source software package for identification of neuronal dynamics and causal interactions in electrophysiological source and sensor data. The software integrates with the widely used EEGLAB analysis suite, addressing a need for robust tools for identifying single- and multi-trial multivariate brain network dynamics across time, frequency, anatomical source location, and subjects. I then introduce and assess two new methods (Measure Projection Analysis and Multi-view Hierarchical Bayesian Learning) for statistical analysis of source-level dynamics (including connectivity) across groups of subjects in the presence of missing data. The remaining chapters focus on applications of dynamical modeling approaches in SIFT to open problems within the fields of cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuroscience and neuroengineering. I first present three studies examining single-trial time-varying spatiotemporal network dynamics underlying generation and maintenance of epileptic seizures. Next I present a case study examining the effect of visual feedback on an occipito-parietal-motor network in freezing-of-gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. The final chapters focus on new directions in neuroengineering and brain-computer interfaces (BCI) leveraging neural dynamical system identification. We first review the history and state of the BCI field and summarize important new directions in BCI design. I then present a novel system for real-time mobile brain imaging, artifact rejection, neuronal system identification, and cognitive state prediction, and demonstrate its application in predicting response error commission from cortical network dynamics using a new high-density mobile dry EEG system.