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| Author | : Genserik Reniers |
| Publisher | : Newnes |
| Total Pages | : 383 |
| Release | : 2013-07-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0444543244 |
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Domino Effects in the Process Industries discusses state-of-the-art theories, conceptual models, insights and practical issues surrounding large-scale knock-on accidents—so-called domino effects—in the chemical and process industries. The book treats such extremely low-frequency phenomena from a technological perspective, studying possible causes and introducing several approaches to assess and control the risks of these scenarios. The authors also examine these events from a managerial viewpoint, discussing single and multi-plant management insights and requirements to take pro-active measures to prevent such events. Academics, regulators, and industrialists who study and analyze domino effects in order to prevent such events will find the book unique and highly valuable. Outlines available methods in analyzing these events, aiding understanding of the accidents and their causes Covers current modelling, control and management tactics of domino effects, -facilitating prevention Identifies areas where new research is needed
| Author | : Bahman Abdolhamidzadeh |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Inc. Chapters |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2013-07-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128082542 |
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Nowadays the application of decision support systems (DSSs) in process safety is more important than ever. The use of DSS for preventing domino effects is one of the diverse applications of these computer-automated toolkits. Different software packages were developed in recent years, each trying to manage domino risk by a specific approach. In this chapter, the definition, architecture, benefits and essential characteristics of DSS toolkits are described. The application, scope, approach, technical features, advantages, shortcomings and limitations of all the available computerized tools and software packages presented up to now for managing domino effect are then discussed and analyzed thoroughly. Finally, a framework for an integrated DSS to prevent domino effects based on all existing advancements and potential possibilities for improvement is introduced.
| Author | : Valerio Cozzani |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Inc. Chapters |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2013-07-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128082410 |
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Domino effects may cause more severe accident scenarios in the chemical and process industries. An introduction is given to the context and state of the art of technical and scientific knowledge concerning accident scenarios where domino effect(s) took place, as well as to European regulations on the subject. The specific context of chemical clusters with respect to safety and security assessment when dealing with domino scenarios is also introduced.
| Author | : Valerio Cozzani |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 406 |
| Release | : 2021-06-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0081028393 |
Download Dynamic Risk Assessment and Management of Domino Effects and Cascading Events in the Process Industry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Dynamic Risk Assessment and Management of Domino Effects and Cascading Events in the Process Industry provides insights into emerging and state-of-the-art methods for the dynamic assessment of risk and safety barrier performance in the framework of domino effect risk management. The book presents methods and tools to manage the risk of cascading events involving the chemical and process industry. It is an ideal reference for both safety and security managers, industrial risk stakeholders, scientists and practitioners. In addition, laymen may find the state-of-the-art methods concerning domino effects (large-scale accidents) and how to prevent their propagation an interesting topic of study. Includes dynamic hazard and risk assessment methods Presents methods for safety barrier performance assessment Addresses the effect of harsh environment on domino risk assessment Relates physical security in relation to domino effects Includes innovative methods and tools
| Author | : Chao Chen |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 198 |
| Release | : 2021-10-30 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3030889114 |
Download Integrating Safety and Security Management to Protect Chemical Industrial Areas from Domino Effects Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book provides insight into domino effects in industrial chemical sites and process industries. It is about the integration of safety and security resources to prevent and mitigate domino effects in the process industries. It explains how chemical industrial areas, comprised of various hazardous installations, are susceptible to a chain of undesired events, or domino effects, triggered by accidental events or intentional attacks and then presents solutions to prevent them. Firstly, the book provides a dynamic graph approach to model the domino effects induced by accidental fire or intentional fire, considering the spatial-temporal evolution of fires. Then, a dynamic risk assessment method based on a discrete dynamic event tree is proposed to assess the likelihood of VCEs and the vulnerability of installations, addressing the time dependencies in vapor cloud dispersion and the uncertainty of delayed ignitions. A dynamic methodology based on dynamic graphs and Monte Carlo is provided to assess the vulnerability of individuals and installations exposed to multi-hazards, such as fire, explosion and toxic release during escalation events. Based on these domino effect models, an economic approach is developed to integrate safe and security resources, obtaining the most cost–benefit protection strategy for preventing domino effects. Finally, a resilience-based approach is provided to find out the most cost-resilient way to protect chemical industrial areas, addressing possible domino effects. This integrated approach will be of interest to researchers, industrial engineers, chemical engineers and safety managers and will help professionals to new solutions in the area of safety and security.
| Author | : Valerio Cozzani |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Inc. Chapters |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2013-07-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128082496 |
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Escalation thresholds are widely used as a baseline approach to the assessment of the hazard posed by domino scenarios. These should be intended as conservative values of physical effects (thermal radiation, maximum overpressure, etc.) below which the escalation is deemed not credible. This chapter deals with this preliminary approach to domino hazard assessment, revising the values provided in the literature for escalation thresholds and providing suggested values based on recent results obtained in the revision of past accident data and in the modeling of equipment damage.
| Author | : Alessandro Tugnoli |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Inc. Chapters |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2013-07-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128082526 |
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Risk-based design has an important role in the inherent prevention of domino effect, limiting the possibility of escalation by both physical distances between units and introduction of robust safety barriers. In this chapter, the role of design in reducing domino hazard has been explored. Layout definition was identified as a key factor for the prevention of escalation. Threshold values for escalation to be used in design activities were defined. Thus, criteria for the assessment of appropriate safety distances were developed and implemented in layout design. The integration of different strategies in accident mitigation was identified as the key in achieving safer plants with respect to domino accidents. Since conceptual tools alone frequently fail in solving the tradeoffs related to the conflicting needs in the design improvement, inherent safety metrics were introduced to support design activities.
| Author | : Valerio Cozzani |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Inc. Chapters |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2013-07-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128082488 |
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The assessment of hazards related to domino accidents is an important issue in the safety analysis of an industrial site. Several methodologies exist and different levels of detail may be used in the analysis. The present section provides a framework and a classification of the available techniques that may be used for domino assessment. Three approaches having a different level of detail are outlined and linked to needs and/or specific phases of process safety assessment. Criteria for the selection of the most appropriate approach are also discussed.
| Author | : Joaquim Casal |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Inc. Chapters |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2013-07-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128082429 |
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The diverse historical surveys on accidents involving domino effect have been analyzed to identify their significance and their most important features. From these data, the importance of domino effect among all accidents in the process industry and in the transportation of hazardous materials has been highlighted. The characteristics of this type of accidents have been studied with a statistical approach: origin and causes of domino effect, materials most frequently involved and effects and consequences of accidents. The significance of the diverse domino sequences have been assessed by using the relative probability event tree. Finally, four relevant cases have been discussed, corresponding to the following initiating events: two vapor cloud explosions (Buncefield, 2005 and Naples, 1985), one jet fire (Valero, 2007) and one accident associated with dust explosion.
| Author | : Ernesto Salzano |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Inc. Chapters |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2013-07-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128082445 |
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Explosions produce pressure waves which expand in the atmosphere. When impacting industrial equipment, domino effects may be caused if the equipment content is flammable or toxic. A detailed analysis of these scenarios requires complex computational tecniques based on finite element analysis. Simplified methodologies have been developed in the past years for land use planning and quantitative risk assessment. These approaches are based on the definition of probability functions and threshold values for the occurrence of loss of containment from damaged systems and rely on the prediction of peak overpressure with respect to distance from the explosion source and on the structural category of the target equipment.
