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Author | : S. T. Buckland |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 285 |
Release | : 2015-08-08 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 3319192191 |
Download Distance Sampling: Methods and Applications Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In this book, the authors cover the basic methods and advances within distance sampling that are most valuable to practitioners and in ecology more broadly. This is the fourth book dedicated to distance sampling. In the decade since the last book published, there have been a number of new developments. The intervening years have also shown which advances are of most use. This self-contained book covers topics from the previous publications, while also including recent developments in method, software and application. Distance sampling refers to a suite of methods, including line and point transect sampling, in which animal density or abundance is estimated from a sample of distances to detected individuals. The book illustrates these methods through case studies; data sets and computer code are supplied to readers through the book’s accompanying website. Some of the case studies use the software Distance, while others use R code. The book is in three parts. The first part addresses basic methods, the design of surveys, distance sampling experiments, field methods and data issues. The second part develops a range of modelling approaches for distance sampling data. The third part describes variations in the basic method; discusses special issues that arise when sampling different taxa (songbirds, seabirds, cetaceans, primates, ungulates, butterflies, and plants); considers advances to deal with failures of the key assumptions; and provides a check-list for those conducting surveys.
Author | : S.T. Buckland |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2012-10-29 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9789401046862 |
Download Distance Sampling Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Our environment and natural food resources are continually coming under threat so that the monitoring of population trends is essential today. Whaling is a good example. Here politics and conservation often clash, and over the years more and more restrictions have been applied through the efforts of the International Whaling Commission in an endeavour to save some of our whale species from extinction. Localized fisheries also need to be monitored and quotas set each year. In some countries, sports fishing and hunting are popular so that information is needed about the populations being exploited in order to determine such things as the duration of hunting season and bag limits. Methods of estimating animal abundance have been developing steadily since the 1940s but over the last 20 years activity in this area has intensified and of this growth were two the subject has begun to blossom. At the centre of the authors of this book, David Anderson and Kenneth Burnham, who have widely published in this field. The need for computers in this area was soon recognized and David and Ken were joined by Jeffrey Laake who, with his computing expertise, helped to develop suitable software packages for implementing some of the new techniques. In the 1980s Stephen Buckland entered the arena and began to make his presence felt. Among other contributions, he firmly established the role of Monte Carlo and bootstrapping techniques in population estimation where the unique role of the computer could be fully exploited.
Author | : S.T. Buckland |
Publisher | : OUP Oxford |
Total Pages | : 434 |
Release | : 2004-08-19 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 9780198507833 |
Download Advanced Distance Sampling Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This advanced text focuses on the uses of distance sampling to estimate the density and abundance of biological populations. It addresses new methodologies, new technologies and recent developments in statistical theory and is the follow up companion to Introduction to Distance Sampling (OUP, 2001).
Author | : Stephen T. Buckland |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 472 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : |
Download Distance Sampling Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Introductory concepts. Introduction. Range of applications. Types of data. Known constants and parameters. Assumptions. Fundamental concept. Detection. History of methods. Program DISTANCE. Assumptions and modelling philosophy. Assumptions. Fundamental models. Philosophy and strategy. Robust models. Some analysis guidelines. Statistical theory. General formula. Hazard-rate modelling of the detection process. The key function formulation for distance data. Maximum likelihood methods. Choice of model. Estimation for clustered populations. Density, variance and interval estimation. Stratification and covariates. Line transects. Introduction. Example data. Truncation. Extensions and related work. Other models. Modelling variation in encounter rate and cluster size. Estimation of the probability of detection on the line or pint. On the concept of detection search effort. Fixed versus random sample size. Efficient simulation of distance data. Thoughts about a full likelihood approach. Distance sampling in three dimensions. ...
Author | : S. T. Buckland |
Publisher | : OUP Oxford |
Total Pages | : 434 |
Release | : 2004-08-19 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 0191545198 |
Download Advanced Distance Sampling Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This advanced text focuses on the uses of distance sampling to estimate the density and abundance of biological populations. It addresses new methodologies, new technologies and recent developments in statistical theory and is the follow up companion to Introduction to Distance Sampling (OUP, 2001). In this text, a general theoretical basis is established for methods of estimating animal abundance from sightings surveys, and a wide range of approaches to analysis of sightings data is explored. These approaches include: modelling animal detectability as a function of covariates, where the effects of habitat, observer, weather, etc. on detectability can be assessed; estimating animal density as a function of location, allowing for example animal density to be related to habitat and other locational covariates; estimating change over time in populations, a necessary aspect of any monitoring programme; estimation when detection of animals on the line or at the point is uncertain, as often occurs for marine populations, or when the survey region has dense cover; survey design and automated design algorithms, allowing rapid generation of sound survey designs using geographic information systems; adaptive distance sampling methods, which concentrate survey effort in areas of high animal density; passive distance sampling methods, which extend the application of distance sampling to species that cannot be readily detected in sightings surveys, but can be trapped; and testing of methods by simulation, so that performance of the approach in varying circumstances can be assessed.
Author | : Stephen T. Buckland |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 432 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Animal populations |
ISBN | : 9786610829521 |
Download Introduction to Distance Sampling Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book introduces the suite of techniques known as 'distance sampling', so-called because the common theme is the sampling of distances of objects from a line or point. The objects are usually animals or groups of animals ('clusters'), and the primary aim is to estimate their density or abundance in a survey area. In line transect sampling, the sampled distances are the shortest or perpendicular distance from a detected object to the line. It is the most widely used method for assessing the abundance of a wide range of terrestrial and marine animals. In point transect sampling, distances of detected objects from the sampled points are recorded. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to both techniques, and also describes several related techniques. "Introduction to Distance Sampling" updates the 1993 book "Distance Sampling," which was the first, and until now, only book devoted to the topic. The book is aimed at quantitative biologists and wildlife managers, and statisticians involved in wildlife monitoring programmes. Of particular significance in this update is the chapter on study design and field methods, which has been extensively rewritten and extended.; New technologies such as laser range finders, theodolites and the Geographical Positioning System (GPS) are discussed, and advice is given on a wide range of survey methods. Analysis methods have also been generalized, through the use of various types of multiplier. Many exercises have been introduced, to make the book more useful to graduate students in wildlife and conservation management.
Author | : Graham Upton |
Publisher | : Pelagic Publishing Ltd |
Total Pages | : 278 |
Release | : 2020-10-12 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1784272337 |
Download Measuring Abundance Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Measuring the abundance of individuals and the diversity of species are core components of most ecological research projects and conservation monitoring. This book brings together in one place, for the first time, the methods used to estimate the abundance of individuals in nature. The statistical basis of each method is detailed along with practical considerations for survey design and data collection. Methods are illustrated using data ranging from Alaskan shrubs to Yellowstone grizzly bears, not forgetting Costa Rican ants and Prince Edward Island lobsters. Where necessary, example code for use with the open source software R is supplied. When appropriate, reference is made to other widely used programs. After opening with a brief synopsis of relevant statistical methods, the first section deals with the abundance of stationary items such as trees, shrubs, coral, etc. Following a discussion of the use of quadrats and transects in the contexts of forestry sampling and the assessment of plant cover, there are chapters addressing line-intercept sampling, the use of nearest-neighbour distances, and variable sized plots. The second section deals with individuals that move, such as birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, etc. Approaches discussed include double-observer sampling, removal sampling, capture-recapture methods and distance sampling. The final section deals with the measurement of species richness; species diversity; species-abundance distributions; and other aspects of diversity such as evenness, similarity, turnover and rarity. This is an essential reference for anyone involved in advanced undergraduate or postgraduate ecological research and teaching, or those planning and carrying out data analysis as part of conservation survey and monitoring programmes.
Author | : Stephen T. Buckland |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 9780199225873 |
Download Advanced Distance Sampling Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This advanced text focuses on the uses of distance sampling to estimate the density and abundance of biological populations. It addresses new methodologies, new technologies and recent developments in statistical theory and is the follow up companion to Introduction to Distance Sampling (OUP,2001).In this text, a general theoretical basis is established for methods of estimating animal abundance from sightings surveys, and a wide range of approaches to analysis of sightings data is explored. These approaches include: modelling animal detectability as a function of covariates, where theeffects of habitat, observer, weather, etc. on detectability can be assessed; estimating animal density as a function of location, allowing for example animal density to be related to habitat and other locational covariates; estimating change over time in populations, a necessary aspect of anymonitoring programme; estimation when detection of animals on the line or at the point is uncertain, as often occurs for marine populations, or when the survey region has dense cover; survey design and automated design algorithms, allowing rapid generation of sound survey designs using geographicinformation systems; adaptive distance sampling methods, which concentrate survey effort in areas of high animal density; passive distance sampling methods, which extend the application of distance sampling to species that cannot be readily detected in sightings surveys, but can be trapped; andtesting of methods by simulation, so that performance of the approach in varying circumstances can be assessed.
Author | : S. Buckland |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Introduction to Distance Sampling Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Matt Pharr |
Publisher | : Morgan Kaufmann |
Total Pages | : 1201 |
Release | : 2010-06-28 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 0123750792 |
Download Physically Based Rendering Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This updated edition describes both the mathematical theory behind a modern photorealistic rendering system as well as its practical implementation. Through the ideas and software in this book, designers will learn to design and employ a full-featured rendering system for creating stunning imagery. Includes a companion site complete with source code for the rendering system described in the book, with support for Windows, OS X, and Linux.