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| Author | : CSIS Senior Policy Panel on the Safe, Timely, and Effective Disposition of Surplus U.S. and Russian Weapons-Grade Plutonium |
| Publisher | : CSIS |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9780892063369 |
| Author | : William J. Weida |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 165 |
| Release | : 2020-10-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0429816766 |
First published in 1997, this volume observes that of all the materials, systems and facilities that designed and operated nuclear weapons, the most readily available assets for reuse are often identified as the highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium from warheads. However, proliferation concerns the reuse of much of this material unlikely. This book explores the economic issues surrounding the major expenditures facing the US as it attempts to dispose of weapon-grade nuclear materials in a proliferation-resistant manner. The book discusses the economic values of plutonium and HEU, the economic nature of the nuclear industry, reprocessing and operations costs, the economics of ‘burning’ plutonium to generate electrical power, the economics of down-blending and ‘burning’ HEU, military conversion as a rationale for selecting plutonium disposition options, the economics of transmutation, and the economics of other proposals ranging from monitored surface storage to vitrification. The book concludes by identifying the major cost drivers affecting all disposition options.
| Author | : E.R. Merz |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 360 |
| Release | : 1995-12-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780792338413 |
This NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Disposal of Weapons Plutonium is a follow-up event to two preceding workshops, each dealing with a special subject within the overall disarmament issue: "Disposition of Weapon Plutonium", sponsored by the NATO Science Committee. The first workshop of this series was held at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London on 24-25 January 1994, entitled "Managing the Plutonium Surplus, Applications, and Options". Its over all goal was to clarify the current situation with respect to pluto nium characteristics and availability, the technical options for use or disposal, and their main technical, environmental, and economic constraints. In the immediate term, plutonium recovered from dismantled nuclear warheads will have to be stored securely, and under international safeguards if possible. In the intermediate term, the principal alter natives for disposition of this plutonium are: irradiation in mixed oxide (MOX) fuel assemblies in existing commercial light-water reac tors or in specially adapted light-water reactors capable of operation with full cores of MOX fuel .and irradiation in future fast reactors. Another option is to blend plutonium with high-level waste as it is vitrified for final disposal in a geologic repository. In both cases, the high radioactivity of the resulting products provides "self shielding" and prevents separation of plutonium without already developed and available sophisticated technology. The so-called "spent fuel standard" as an effective protection barrier is - quired in either case.
| Author | : United States Government Accountability |
| Publisher | : CreateSpace |
| Total Pages | : 56 |
| Release | : 2015-01-01 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781503371804 |
The end of the cold war left the United States with a surplus of weapons-grade plutonium. Much of this material is found in a key nuclear weapon component known as a pit. In 1997, DOE announced a plan to dispose of surplus, weapons-grade plutonium through an approach that included fabrication of plutonium into MOX fuel for use in domestic commercial nuclear reactors. In 2000, the United States and Russia entered into a Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement, in which each country pledged to dispose of at least 34 metric tons of surplus, weapons-grade plutonium. Through a protocol to the agreement signed in 2010, the United States and Russia reaffirmed their commitment to dispose of surplus, weapons-grade plutonium as MOX fuel in nuclear reactors, and the agreement entered into force in 2011.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 225 |
| Release | : 2020-06-01 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0309498619 |
In 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine issued an Interim Report evaluating the general viability of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration's (DOE-NNSA's) conceptual plans for disposing of 34 metric tons (MT) of surplus plutonium in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a deep geologic repository near Carlsbad, New Mexico. It provided a preliminary assessment of the general viability of DOE-NNSA's conceptual plans, focused on some of the barriers to their implementation. This final report addresses the remaining issues and echoes the recommendations from the interim study.
| Author | : National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 287 |
| Release | : 1994-02-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309050421 |
Within the next decade, many thousands of U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons are slated to be retired as a result of nuclear arms reduction treaties and unilateral pledges. A hundred tons or more of plutonium and tons of highly enriched uranium will no longer be needed. The management and disposition of these fissile materials, the essential ingredients of nuclear weapons, pose urgent challenges for international security. This book offers recommendations for all phases of the problem, from dismantlement of excess warheads, through intermediate storage of the fissle materials they contain, to ultimate disposition of the plutonium.
| Author | : United States Government Accountability Office |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 76 |
| Release | : 2017-09-21 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781977516480 |
The United States has pledged to dispose of 34 metric tons of surplus, weapons-grade plutonium. The current U.S. approach relies on disposing of the plutonium by irradiating it as MOX fuel-a mixture of plutonium and uranium oxides-in modified commercial nuclear reactors. Due to a significant rise in cost, DOE recently proposed terminating the MOX approach in favor of the dilute and dispose approach, which DOE stated may be less expensive. Under this approach, plutonium would be diluted with inert material and then disposed of in a geologic repository. GAO was asked to review DOE's planning for both the MOX and dilute and dispose approaches. This report examines: (1) the extent to which DOE's revised cost estimates for completing the construction of the MOX facility and for completing the overall Plutonium Disposition Program met best practices, (2) the status of NNSA's development of a life-cycle cost estimate for the dilute and dispose approach, and (3) the extent to which DOE has sufficient disposal space and statutory capacity at WIPP to dispose of all defense TRU waste, including waste from the dilute and dispose approach. GAO reviewed documents and interviewed DOE and NNSA officials, including officials from five major waste-generating sites.
| Author | : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 240 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : David C. Trimble |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 56 |
| Release | : 2014-03-27 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781457853630 |
The Dept. of Energy's (DOE's) National Nuclear Security Admin. (NNSA) manages the Plutonium Disposition program to dispose of surplus weapons-grade plutonium by burning it as MOX fuel -- a mixture of plutonium and uranium oxides -- in specially modified commercial nuclear reactors. In 2012, DOE forecasted cost increases of close to $3 billion over the previous estimates for the program's two construction projects, the MOX facility and the Waste Solidification Building (WSB) for disposing of waste from the MOX facility. This report examines: (1) drivers NNSA identified for the cost increases; (2) the extent to which NNSA analyzed underlying causes of the cost increases; (3) steps NNSA took to hold construction contractors accountable for their role, if any, in the cost increases; and (4) the extent to which NNSA's most recent estimates met cost- and schedule-estimating best practices. Tables and figures. This is a print on demand report.
| Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 120 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
