Disparate Contribution Of Endosomal And Cytosolic Rna Sensing Pathways To Antiviral Immunity PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Disparate Contribution Of Endosomal And Cytosolic Rna Sensing Pathways To Antiviral Immunity PDF full book. Access full book title Disparate Contribution Of Endosomal And Cytosolic Rna Sensing Pathways To Antiviral Immunity.
Author | : Yaming Wang |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 221 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Electronic dissertations |
ISBN | : |
Download Disparate Contribution of Endosomal and Cytosolic RNA-sensing Pathways to Antiviral Immunity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Innate antiviral defense largely depends on type I interferons (IFN-I). While establishing an antiviral state in uninfected cells and promoting apoptosis of infected cells, IFN-I are crucial in establishing antiviral immunity. Production of IFN-I is mainly triggered by a series of germ-line encoded molecular sensors, known as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs recognize conserved viral components, known as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that largely consist of nucleic acid sequences and viral surface macromolecules. Because viruses vary tremendously in size, structure, genomic composition and tissue tropism, multiple sensors are often required to detect their presence in various tissues and cell types. Here, we ask whether these PRRs are complementary, compensatory or simply redundant in inducing cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses. We also discuss why viral sensors are differentially distributed in distinct cell types and whether a particular cell type dominates the IFN-I response. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly-I:C), a potent IFN-I inducer, is detected by both Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5) in vivo. Although it is known that TLR3 promotes cross-priming to viralinfected cells, the role of MDA5 in inducing CD8 T cell responses is still unclear. Here we demonstrate that the majority of CD8 T cells primed in mice lacking MDA5 do not survive following immunization with Poly-I:C and antigen and therefore fail to mount a memory response to subsequent antigen challenge. We show that MDA5 and TLR3 mediate substantially distinct yet complementary functions during poly-I:C-mediated activation of antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses. We next defined the role of MDA5 and other sensors in inducing antiviral CD8 T cell responses during both acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. While IFN-I responses to LCMV are mediated by both MDA5 and TLR7, we found that MDA5 is the key source of IFN-I required for the CD8 T cell responses. In the absence of MDA5, the CD8 T cell responses to acute infection relies on CD4 T cell help; CD8 T cell exhaustion and persistent infection ensue in the absence of both MDA5 and CD4 T cells. Chronic LCMV infection rapidly attenuates the IFN-I response while early administration of exogenous IFN-I rescues CD8 T cells promoting viral clearance. Thus, induction of effective antiviral CD8 T cells depends on the timing and magnitude of the IFN-I response. The picture emerging from these studies is that disparate viral sensors in different cell types form a dynamic and integrated molecular network that can be exploited for improving the efficacy of vaccines and therapies of infectious and autoimmune diseases.
Author | : Dr. Prakash Sambhara |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 284 |
Release | : 2012-11-26 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1498713653 |
Download Nucleic Acid Sensors and Antiviral Immunity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the late 1990s ushered in a new age of discovery for innate immunity. The importance of TLRs for immunology and biomedical research was recognized with the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 2011. The prize was shared by three scientists: Ralph Steinman (for the discovery of dendritic cells, whi
Author | : Ken J. Ishii |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 304 |
Release | : 2008-05-22 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1420068261 |
Download Nucleic Acids in Innate Immunity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Until recently, innate immunity was regarded as a relatively nonspecific system designed to engulf and destroy pathogens. However, new studies show that the innate immune system is highly developed in its ability to discriminate between self and foreign entities. Understanding this mechanism can lead to therapeutic strategies based on manipulation
Author | : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 474 |
Release | : 2013-06-29 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3642731848 |
Download Membrane Biogenesis Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.
Author | : David Elliott |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 445 |
Release | : 2017-01-31 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 019107103X |
Download Molecular Biology of RNA Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
RNA plays a central, and until recently, somewhat underestimated role in the genetics underlying all forms of life on earth. This versatile molecule not only plays a crucial part in the synthesis of proteins from a DNA template, but is also intrinsically involved in the regulation of gene expression, and can even act as a catalyst in the form of a ribozyme. This latter property has led to the hypothesis that RNA - rather than DNA - could have played an essential part in the origin of life itself. This landmark text provides a systematic overview of the exciting and rapidly moving field of RNA biology. Key pioneering experiments, which provided the underlying evidence for what we now know, are described throughout, while the relevance of the subject to human disease is highlighted via frequent boxes. For the second edition of Molecular Biology of RNA, more introductory material has been incorporated at the beginning of the text, to aid students studying the subject for the first time. Throughout the text, new material has been included - particularly in relation to RNA binding domains, non-coding RNAs, and the connection between RNA biology and epigenetics. Finally, a new closing chapter discusses how exciting new technologies are being used to explore current topical areas of research.
Author | : Carlos López-Larrea |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 338 |
Release | : 2012-03-07 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1461416809 |
Download Self and Nonself Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In 1960 Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet received the Noble Prize in Physiology and Medicine. He titled his Nobel Lecture “Immunological Recognition of Self” emphasizing the central argument of immunological tolerance in “How does the vertebrate organism recognize self from nonself in this the immunological sense—and how did the capacity evolve.” The concept of self is linked to the concept of biological self identity. All organisms, from bacteria to higher animals, possess recognition systems to defend themselves from nonself. Even in the context of the limited number of metazoan phyla that have been studied in detail, we can now describe many of the alternative mechanism of immune recognition that have emerged at varying points in phylogeny. Two different arms—the innate and adaptive immune system—have emerged at different moments in evolution, and they are conceptually different. The ultimate goals of immune biology include reconstructing the molecular networks underlying immune processes.
Author | : Chunfu Zheng |
Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
Total Pages | : 174 |
Release | : 2021-09-08 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 2889712702 |
Download Sensing DNA in Antiviral Innate Immunity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Stefan Bauer |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 243 |
Release | : 2007-12-11 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 3540721673 |
Download Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Innate Immunity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Overall recent research on TLRs has led to tremendous increase in our understanding of early steps in pathogen recognition and will presumably lead to potent TLR targeting therapeutics in the future. This book reviews and highlights our recent understanding on the function and ligands of TLRs as well as their role in autoimmunity, dendritic cell activation and target structures for therapeutic intervention.
Author | : Sho Yamasaki |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 213 |
Release | : 2016-03-22 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 4431560157 |
Download C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The book presents the latest findings on C-type lectin receptors, focusing on individual receptors and their signaling. In recent years there have been great advances in the understanding of the function of these receptors as a newly emerging family of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Comprising four parts: ITAM-coupled Activating Receptors; HemITAM-bearing Receptors; ITIM-bearing Receptors; and Other Receptors and Related Topics, this comprehensive review covers a broad range of C-type lectin receptors. The updated information on C-type lectin receptors and their ligands provided will appeal to a wide readership, from basic immunologists to physicians and surgeons. In addition, sections on novel drug development make this a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists.
Author | : Junjie Xiao |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 300 |
Release | : 2017-09-19 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9811043973 |
Download Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The book provides and intensive overview on exosomes in cardiovascular diseases, its potential as biomarkers, as well as pathological and therapeutic effects. It firstly describes the general aspects of exosomes including the definition, formation and secretion of exosomes and highlight their roles as biomarkers and pathological and therapeutic effects in cardiovascular diseases as well. Secondly, basic aspects of exosomes including the purification methods of exosomes, exosomes content, and functional roles of the cardiovascular exosomes are summarized. Thirdly, exosomes as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases are overviewed including their roles in diagnosis, prognosis and reaction to therapy. Fourthly, pathological effects of exosomes and therapeutic effects of exosomes are highlighted. Finally, future prospects of exosomes in cardiovascular research would be provided. This is an essential reference for researchers working in cell biology and regeneration, as well as clinicians such as cardiologist.