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DIFFERENTES DIMENSIONS DE L'AJUSTEMENT DU MARCHE DU TRAVAIL DANS LES PAYS EN TRANSITION

DIFFERENTES DIMENSIONS DE L'AJUSTEMENT DU MARCHE DU TRAVAIL DANS LES PAYS EN TRANSITION
Author: Stefano Scarpetta
Publisher:
Total Pages: 406
Release: 1997
Genre:
ISBN:

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CE TRAVAIL ANALYSE LES EFFETS DU PROCESSUS DE TRANSITION VERS UNE ECONOMIE DE MARCHE ENTAME PAR LES PAYS D'EUROPE CENTRALE ET ORIENTALE (PECO) SUR L'EMPLOI, LE CHOMAGE ET LA PARTICIPATION DE LA POPULATION A LA VIE ACTIVE. LA PLUPART DE CES PAYS ONT COMME POINT COMMUN LA MONTEE RAPIDE DE CHOMAGE, D'UN NIVEAU PRESQUE NUL, AVANT LES REFORMES, A 10-15 POUR CENT DE LA POPULATION ACTIVE EN 1996. DE PLUS, LES TAUX DE PARTICIPATION ONT DIMINUE FORTEMENT DANS TOUTE LA REGION, SOUVENT DE PLUS DE 10 POUR CENT. LES DYNAMIQUES DU CHOMAGE ONT ETE ACCOMPAGNEES D'UNE AUGMENTATION PLUS OU MOINS CONSTANTE DE LA DUREE DU CHOMAGE, AVEC PLUS DE LA MOITIE DES SANS-EMPLOI SE TROUVANT AU CHOMAGE DEPUIS PLUS D'UN AN EN 1996. LE CHOMAGE DANS LES PECO A AUSSI UNE DIMENSION REGIONALE DIFFICILE A RESOUDRE ETANT DONNE L'INSUFFISANTE MOBILITE GEOGRAPHIQUE DE LA MAIN-D'OEUVRE DUE A UNE DISTRIBUTION DES SALAIRES ENCORE INADEQUATE, ET, CHOSE PLUS IMPORTANTE, A DE GRAVES RIGIDITES SUR LE MARCHE DE L'IMMOBILIER. NOTRE ANALYSE SUGGERE QUE L'AJUSTEMENT DE LA MAIN-D'OEUVRE A ETE OBTENUE, DU MOINS AU DEBUT DE LA TRANSITION, PAR DES "MESURES DOUCES", AVEC UN GRAND RECOURS AUX PRERETRAITES, A DE LONGUES PERIODES D'ABSENCE POUR MALADIE ET, SEULEMENT EN PARTIE, AUX LICENCIEMENTS DIRECTS. POUR LES PERSONNES QUI NE POUVAIENT PAS BENEFICIER DES MESURES DE "SEPARATION DOUCE", LA SELECTION A ETE SEVERE : ELLE A TOUCHE A LA FOIS LES INDIVIDUS QUI TRAVAILLAIENT DANS DES ACTIVITES OU SECTEURS NON VITAUX ET LES JEUNES AVEC MOINS D'EXPERIENCE. LA PERSISTANCE ELEVEE DU CHOMAGE SEMBLE ETRE PRINCIPALEMENT DUE AU FAIBLE NOMBRE DE SORTIES DU CHOMAGE ET AUX NOMBREUX PASSAGES DIRECTS D'UN EMPLOI A UN AUTRE, QUI ONT EN PARTIE REDUIT LES POSSIBILITES D'EMBAUCHE POUR LES CHOMEURS. NOTRE ANALYSE SUGGERE QUE LES ALLOCATIONS DE CHOMAGENE SEMBLE PAS ETRE SUFFISAMMENT ELEVEES POUR DECOURAGER LA RECHERCHE D'EMPLOI. DE PLUS, CELLES-CI DIMINUENT RAPIDEMENT AVEC LA DUREE DU CHOMAGE ET SONT SUIVIES PAR DES ALLOCATIONS SOCIALES TRES FAIBLES. DE PLUS, LES MESURES ACTIVES VISANT LE MARCHE DU TRAVAIL, MALGRE LEUR BIEN-FONDE GENERAL, SEMBLENT NECESSITER DES REFORMES AFIN D'AMELIORER LEUR CIBLAGE SUR LES INDIVIDUS LES PLUS NECESSITEUX.


Dimension Régionale Du Chômage Dans Les Pays en Transition

Dimension Régionale Du Chômage Dans Les Pays en Transition
Author: Stefano Scarpetta
Publisher: OECD
Total Pages: 546
Release: 1995
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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In French & English. - Parallel title: La dimension râgionale du chãmage dans les pays en transition: un dâfi pour le march,â du travail et les politiques sociales. Proceedings of Technical Workshop on Regional Unemployment in Central & Eastern Europe, Vienna, 3-5 November 1994


Marchés du travail et économies en transition

Marchés du travail et économies en transition
Author: Chokri Abdennadher
Publisher:
Total Pages: 700
Release: 1995
Genre:
ISBN:

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Partant du constat que le ralentissement de l'économie mondiale au cours de la dernière décennie, la crise de la dette et l'avènement des programmes d'ajustement structurel ont constitué des épreuves majeures pour les marchés du travail dans les économies en développement, nous avons articulé cette thèse autour des questions suivantes : comment le marché du travail a-t-il répondu aux changements des conditions macroéconomiques et aux politiques gouvernementales qui y sont rattachées ? Dans quelles mesures l'intervention de l'Etat a-t-elle affecté le fonctionnement microéconomique du marché du travail ? En particulier, les institutions du marché du travail constituent-elles un obstacle majeur au succès des politiques d'ajustement (ou des programmes de reformes économiques) en accord avec le dogme "distorsionniste" des économistes de la banque mondiale ? Les pays privilégiant des modes consensuels d'ajustement ont-ils mieux réussi que les autres pays en accord avec le dogme "institutionnaliste" des économistes de l'organisation internationale du travail. En fait, ces questions soulèvent un débat qui oppose aujourd'hui les distorsionnistes de la banque mondiale aux institutionnalistes de l'O.I.T. s'inscrivant dans le cadre de ce débat, qui constitue à la fois un cadre de référence et un point de départ pour cette étude, l'objet de cette thèse est précisément de rendre compte d'un renouveau de l'analyse économique du développement. Nous montrerons comment définir des politiques alternatives, selon le cadre et le moment (i.e. "l'ère de l'ajustement" des marchés du travail dans les économies en développement et de la transition vers l'économie de marché dans les pays d'Europe de l'est) dans des représentations d'économies plus cohérentes avec la réalité, représentations qui tiennent compte des particularismes en matière d'arrangements institutionnels de chaque économie.


Records

Records
Author: Unesco. General Conference
Publisher:
Total Pages: 706
Release: 1993
Genre: Intellectual cooperation
ISBN:

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The Geography of Innovation

The Geography of Innovation
Author: M.P. Feldman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 178
Release: 2013-06-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401733333

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This book offers a geographic dimension to the study of innovation and product commercialization. Building on the literature in economics and geography, this book demonstrates that product innovation clusters spatially in regions which provide concentrations of the knowledge needed for the commercialization process. The book develops a conceptual model which links the location of new product innovations to the sources of these knowledge inputs. The geographic concentration of this knowledge fonns a technological infrastructure which promotes infonnation transfers, and lowers the risks and the costs of engaging in innovative activity. Empirical estimation confinns that the location of product innovation is related to the underlying technological infrastructure, and that the location of the knowledge inputs are mutually reinforcing in defining a region's competitive advantage. The book concludes by considering the policy implications of these fmdings for both private finns and state governments. This work is intended for academics, policy practitioners and students in the fields of innovation and technological change, geography and regional science, and economic development. This work is part of a larger research effort to understand why the location of innovative activity varies spatially, specifically the externalities and increasing returns which accrue to location. xi Acknowledgements This work has benefitted greatly from discussions with friends and colleagues. I wish to specifically note the contribution of Mark Kamlet, Wes Cohen, Richard Florida, Zoltan Acs and David Audretsch. I would like to thank Gail Cohen Shaivitz for her dedication in editing the final manuscript.


The New Transatlantic Economy

The New Transatlantic Economy
Author: Matthew Canzoneri
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 364
Release: 1996-11-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780521562058

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Transatlantic economic relations are dominated by three factors which are of major historical significance. The first and most important is the multilateral process for trade liberalisation, deregulation of financial markets, and macroeconomic policy co-ordination. The second factor is a transatlantic environment of national and regional idiosyncrasies exemplified by protectionist initiatives, a significant weakening of the EMS, and changes in central bank statutes. The second factor is in part a political backlash against the first. The third factor affecting transatlantic economic relations is of course the emergence of regional economic relationships within the transatlantic economy, and a treaty calling for a common currency in Europe. In this 1996 volume, specialists in international trade, international finance, and political economy analyse the causes of these three factors, and their implications.


Labour Markets Performance and Migration Flows in Arab Mediterranean Countries: National background papers Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia)

Labour Markets Performance and Migration Flows in Arab Mediterranean Countries: National background papers Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia)
Author: European Commission. Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs
Publisher:
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2010
Genre: Africa, North
ISBN:

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This study, which analyzes the key labor market determinants of migration flows from selected Arab Mediterranean Countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and the Occupied Palestinian Territories) finds that employment in AMCs is a major challenge for the region - and for Europe - in the next 10 to 15 years. Immediate action is needed because the status quo risks causing permanent damage to the development prospects of those countries. The AMCs' public policies are currently ill equipped to face the challenge. Labor migration remains a key feature of the labor markets in these countries - yet cannot by itself solve the labor market challenges there. The study makes a number of recommendations including: upgrading the statistics available and conducting further in-depth analysis; upgrading education and training systems; mainstreaming the policy goal of job creation and higher productivity; promoting active labor market policies; creating incentives to hire new graduates and women; creating incentives to transform informal into formal employment; and establishing social protection systems guaranteeing universal coverage, with the emphasis on worker rather than job protection. It also recommends that the EU upgrade its existing framework for AMC migration not only as a unilateral strategy, but as a cooperative framework for true co-development.--Publisher's description.


Behavior and Environment

Behavior and Environment
Author: T. Garling
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 499
Release: 1993-01-28
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0080867502

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Active researchers in the areas of geography and psychology have contributed to this book. Both fields are capable of increasing our scientific knowledge of how human behavior is interfaced with the molar physical environment. Such knowledge is essential for the solution of many of today's most urgent environmental problems. Failure to constrain use of scarce resources, pollution due to human activities, creation of technological hazards and deteriorating urban quality due to vandalism and crime are all well known examples. The influence of psychology in geographical research has long been appreciated but it is only recently that psychologists have recognized they have something to learn from geography. In identifying the importance of two-way interdisciplinary communication, a psychologist and a geographer have been invited to each write a chapter in this book on a designated topic so that close comparisons can be drawn as to how the two disciplines approach the same difficulties. Since the disciplines are to some extent complementary, it is hoped that this close collaboration will have synergistic effects on the attempts of both to find solutions to environmental problems through an increased understanding of the many behavior-environment interfaces.


Women and Trade

Women and Trade
Author: World Bank;World Trade Organization
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 270
Release: 2020-09-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1464815569

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Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.