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Development, Optimization and Implementation of the Design for a Centrifugal Reverse-osmosis Desalination System

Development, Optimization and Implementation of the Design for a Centrifugal Reverse-osmosis Desalination System
Author: Peter Martin Wild
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 1994
Genre:
ISBN:
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A new method of sea water desalination, Centrifugal Reverse-Osmosis (CRO), is developed from concept to patented design and functional prototype of capacity 11,355 litres of fresh water per day. CRO is shown to have significant benefits relative to the leading existing desalination technology, conventional reverse-osmosis. These benefits include: lower energy consumption, reduced initial and replacement membrane costs, lower noise levels and improved reliability. CRO is projected to show increasing cost efficiency as plant capacity increases. For a relatively large CRO plant, 65lm3 fresh water per day, the total cost of desalinated water is projected to be 25.9% lower than the total cost of water produced by a conventional RO plant of equivalent capacity. The current patented design requires further development in order to realize this potential. Toward this end, a computational and experimental study of rotor windage losses and an experimental study of fluid flow losses through the rotor are conducted. In addition a new method for the analysis of stresses in a filament wound rotor shell under combined centrifugal and pressure loading is developed.

Reverse Osmosis Systems

Reverse Osmosis Systems
Author: Syed Javaid Zaidi
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 489
Release: 2021-12-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128241721
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Reverse Osmosis Systems: Design, Optimization and Troubleshooting Guide describes in depth knowledge of designing and operating reverse osmosis (RO) systems for water desalination, and covers issues which will effect the probability for the long-standing success of the application. It also provides guidelines that will increase the performance of seawater RO desalination systems by avoiding errors in the design and operation and suggest corrective measures and troubleshooting of the problems encountered during RO operation. This book also provides guidelines for the best RO design and operational performance. In the introductory section, the book covers the history of RO along with the fundamentals, principles, transport models, and equations. Following sections cover the practical areas such as pretreatment processes, design parameters, design software programs (WAVE, IMSDesign, TORAYDS2, Lewaplus, ROAM Ver. 2.0, Winflows etc.), RO performance monitoring, normalization software programs (RODataXL and TorayTrak), troubleshooting as well as system engineering. Simplified methods to use the design software programs are also properly illustrated and the screenshots of the results, methods etc. are also given here along with a video tutorial.The final section of the book includes the frequently asked questions along with their answers. Moreover, various case studies carried out and recent developments related to RO system performance, membrane fouling, scaling, and degradation studies have been analyzed. The book also has several work out examples, which are detailed in a careful as well as simple manner that help the reader to understand and follow it properly. The information presented in some of the case studies are obtained from existing commercial RO desalination plants. These topics enable the book to become a perfect tool for engineers and plant operators/technicians, who are responsible for RO system design, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. With the right system design, proper operation, and maintenance program, the RO system can offer high purity water for several years. Provides guidelines for the optimum design and operational performance of reverse osmosis desalination plants Presents step-by-step procedure to design reverse osmosis system with the latest design software programs along with a video tutorial Analyzes some of the issues faced during the design and operation of the reverse osmosis desalination systems, suggest corrective measures and its troubleshooting Discusses reverse osmosis desalination pretreatment processes, design parameters, system performance monitoring, and normalization software programs Examines recent developments related to system performance, membrane fouling, and scaling studies Presents case studies related to commercial reverse osmosis desalination plants Perfect training guide for engineers and plant operators, who are responsible for reverse osmosis system design, operation and maintainance

Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 1

Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 1
Author: Heinz Ludwig
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-10-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783030819330
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Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the dominant desalination process worldwide for obtaining fresh water from the sea. The subject matter and scope of this book is the conceptual and advanced planning, design and engineering of plants of this desalination process together with the associated facilities for seawater pretreatment, post-treatment of the product water, wastewater treatment, seawater extraction and plant discharge. The book is intended to be used by technicians, engineers, economists and ecologists in the planning, design and operation of SWRO plants, as an educational and training tool, as well as an aid in environmental licensing of membrane desalination plants, and by interested laypersons for information about this process. The two volumes are also available as a set.

Desalination

Desalination
Author: Jane Kucera
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 644
Release: 2019-04-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119407893
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This all-new revised edition of a modern classic is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the "green" process of desalination in industrial and municipal applications, covering all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot desalination systems. This is becoming increasingly more important for not only our world's industries, but our world's populations, as pure water becomes more and more scarce. "Blue is the new green." This is an all-new revised edition of a modern classic on one of the most important subjects in engineering: Water. Featuring a total revision of the initial volume, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the process of desalination in industrial and municipal applications, a technology that is becoming increasingly more important as more and more companies choose to "go green." This book covers all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot desalination systems, from the fundamental principles of desalination technology and membranes to the much more advanced engineering principles necessary for designing a desalination system. Earlier chapters cover the basic principles, the economics of desalination, basic terms and definitions, and essential equipment. The book then goes into the thermal processes involved in desalination, such as various methods of evaporation, distillation, recompression, and multistage flash. Following that is an exhaustive discussion of the membrane processes involved in desalination, such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and electrodialysis. Finally, the book concludes with a chapter on the future of these technologies and their place in industry and how they can be of use to society. This book is a must-have for anyone working in water, for engineers, technicians, scientists working in research and development, and operators. It is also useful as a textbook for graduate classes studying industrial water applications.

Desalination Technologies

Desalination Technologies
Author: Iqbal M. Mujtaba
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 662
Release: 2022-06-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128137916
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Desalination Technologies: Design and Operation sets the scene for desalination technologies as a long-term solution to freshwater demand by analyzing the current demand for water, available water resources and future predicted demand. The book captures recent developments in thermal desalination (multistage flash desalination, multi-effect evaporation, vapor compression), membrane desalination (forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, pressure retarded, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, ultra-, nano-, and micro-filtration), and alternative processes such as freezing and ion exchange. Both dynamic and steady state models (from short cut, simple, to detail) of various desalination processes are discussed. The book is intended for (under)graduate students in chemical engineering and postgraduate researchers and industrial practitioners in desalination. Provides the fundamentals of different desalination processes Includes desalination modeling from short and simple, to detailed and more advanced Discusses desalination optimization and synthesis to reduce environmental impact Handles thermo-physical property models and correlations Includes case studies to give a clearer understanding of desalination

23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering

23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering
Author: Sabla Y. Alnouri
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 16
Release: 2013-06-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128086327
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Reverse osmosis is the leading technology for seawater desalination. We have recently introduced a systematic two-step approach based on process network optimization techniques [1]. The methodology allows for a reliable and relatively quick determination of optimal process structures for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination systems, as well as for the analysis of trends across different design classes [1] for a given economic objective and typical design constraints. The approach was subsequently extended to address detailed water quality information as part of the process network synthesis, by developing simple but realistic membrane element models based on commercial simulators, in order to account for the rejection of individual seawater constituents throughout the temperature ranges of interest [2]. This enables the design for common product water specifications whilst capturing membrane-scaling issues. This work expands our previous efforts, and more specifically addresses the issue of boron removal, which is often a key challenge in SWRO design. RO membrane element models that allow for the tracing of individual constituents throughout the processing system, including boron, were developed and incorporated into the process network optimization problem formulation. The superstructure optimization formulations were also expanded so as to handle additional design decisions associated with Boron removal in SWRO process networks. This includes selecting suitable combinations for several options of membrane elements types listed by the ROSA membrane simulator (Dow), determining optimum pH conditions required for these membrane element choices, and acid/base dosing adjustments required. The approach has been illustrated with a case study that involves seawater qualities with salinities ranging from 35 to 50 ppt. The results highlight the variation in optimal designs depending on the given feed water quality, the desired salinity removal and the acceptable boron level in the permeate stream.

Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 2

Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 2
Author: Heinz Ludwig
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 641
Release: 2022-10-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030819272
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Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the dominant desalination process worldwide for obtaining fresh water from the sea. The subject matter and scope of this book is the conceptual and advanced planning, design and engineering of plants of this desalination process together with the associated facilities for seawater pretreatment, post-treatment of the product water, wastewater treatment, seawater extraction and plant discharge. The book is intended to be used by technicians, engineers, economists and ecologists in the planning, design and operation of SWRO plants, as an educational and training tool, as well as an aid in environmental licensing of membrane desalination plants, and by interested laypersons for information about this process. The two volumes are also available as a set.

Advances in Water Desalination

Advances in Water Desalination
Author: Noam Lior
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 592
Release: 2012-10-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118347722
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Desalination is a dynamically growing field with more research, more engineering, more applications, more countries, more people, and with more training programs. This book provides high quality invited reviews on progress in various aspects of the desalination field. It features comprehensive coverage of desalination science, technology, economics, markets, energy considerations, environmental impact, and more. It is a key guide for professionals and researchers in water desalination and related areas including chemical, mechanical, and civil engineers, chemists, materials scientists, manufacturers of desalination membranes, water reuse engineers, and water authorities, as well as students in these fields.