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Developing an Observational Coding System on Racial Issues for Black-white Couples

Developing an Observational Coding System on Racial Issues for Black-white Couples
Author: Alycia C. Scott
Publisher:
Total Pages: 129
Release: 2013
Genre: African Americans
ISBN:

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Interracial marriages are increasing steadily in the United States, and Black-White interracial couples have a unique experience as compared with other interracial pairings. Black-White couples experience more stressors (discrimination, lack of support from friends and family) and also may exhibit more protective factors (partner acceptance, strong coping skills) in their relationships, both of which impact the quality of the romantic relationship (Foeman & Nance, 2002). Due to the biases that exist in self-report measures on couple satisfaction and relationship quality (Paulhus, 1989, 1990), this study sought to develop a reliable observational coding system to objectively measure how Black-White couples discuss and cope together with issues surrounding race and racial difference. Successive Cohort Design (Epstein et al., 2007) was utilized due to the hypothesis that this design would allow for the coding system to be improved mid-study, ultimately resulting in a more relevant and reliable coding system. Participating couples (n=9) were divided into three cohorts. After three codebook iterations, one code out of 21 (Social Support-Positive) was consistently reliable across all cohorts, and six other codes (Discrimination, Social Support-Negative, Coping-Passive, Increased Racial Awareness, Stress, Partner Positivity) achieved slightly low-to-good reliability in two of three cohorts. Code frequency data corroborate previous research identifying salient themes for Black-White interracial couples. Lack of social support was common, as was higher frequency of negative racial identity. The couples studied also employed passive coping strategies three times more often than active strategies, consistent with previous findings (Foeman and Nance, 2002). Due to several limitations of the current study (small n, inadequate training time, overlap of coders across cohorts), it is recommended that the final codebook of this study be applied to a larger sample with newly trained coders to assess sufficiently the reliability of the overall coding system. Future research that assesses how codes derived from this coding system correlate with relationship satisfaction measures can further inform couples' treatment.


Clinical Issues with Interracial Couples

Clinical Issues with Interracial Couples
Author: Volker Thomas
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2014-02-25
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317787366

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Go beyond cookie-cutter therapy and interventions to provide culturally relevant therapy that works for your clients in interracial relationships! With this book, you'll explore an array of relational issues faced by various configurations of interracial couples. Then you'll learn specific intervention strategies for treating these couples in therapy. The first section presents research and theoretical chapters on issues faced by interracial couples who are heterosexual; the second focuses on issues facing racially mixed gay and lesbian couples; and the third provides you with specific interventions to use with couples in interracial relationships. Clinical Issues with Interracial Couples: Theories and Research is an important addition to the collection of any therapist who counts an interracial couple among his or her clients. From the editors: “Although interracial couples face challenges related to differences in their racial backgrounds, couple and family theories have had little to say about how to work with these differences. Not all couples are white, married, and heterosexual, and there is a growing understanding that clinical practices based on these assumptions may not be adequate when working with interracial couples. Recognizing the diversity of our clients, the intent of this book is to contribute to more respectful and inclusive clinical practices that can address the treatment issues we face in the first decade of the twenty-first century.” The first section of this book examines challenges faced by heterosexual interracial couples, focusing on: how black/white couples experience and respond to racism and how they negotiate the racial and ethnic differences they face in their relationships the significance of race—or lack of it—in white women's relationships with black men, with suggestions on how to create a therapeutic space for discussing race without over-determining its significance marriages where one partner is of Latino/a descent and the other of non-Latino/a white descent—a pilot study of a rarely investigated population! approaches, interventions, and strategies to use when treating multicultural Muslim couples Hawaii's unusual history of interracial ties and relationships, the common challenges that face interracial couples there, and therapeutic interventions that can benefit them The second section of Clinical Issues with Interracial Couples looks at the issues faced by same-sex interracial couples. Here is a sample of what you'll find: clinical considerations for working with interracial/intercultural lesbian couples pitfalls to avoid in therapy as well as suggestions for a conceptual approach for gay Latino men in cross-cultural relationships The book's final section presents interventions for use with interracial couples. Here you'll find: assessment techniques and interventions geared toward black-white couples information on doing effective therapy with Latino/a-white couples a case study of the therapeutic process as applied to an Asian-American woman married to a white man seven therapists' perspectives on working with interracial couples—focusing on the historical context of intermarriage, specific concerns and issues that interracial couples experience in their relationships, and the experiences of therapists working with this diverse and challenging client population


Sociological Abstracts

Sociological Abstracts
Author: Leo P. Chall
Publisher:
Total Pages: 812
Release: 1998
Genre: Sociology
ISBN:

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Proactive Policing

Proactive Policing
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 409
Release: 2018-03-23
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0309467136

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Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.


Raising Biracial Children

Raising Biracial Children
Author: Kerry Rockquemore
Publisher: Rowman Altamira
Total Pages: 246
Release: 2005
Genre: Family & Relationships
ISBN: 9780759109018

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As the multiracial population in the United States continues to rise, new models for our understanding of mixed-race children and how their conception of racial identity must be developed. A wide divide between academics who research biracial identity, and the everyday world of parents and practitioners who raise and deal with mixed-race children exists. This book aims to fill this gap by providing an extensive synthesis of the existing research in the field, as well as a model for better understanding the unique process of racial identity development for mixed-race children. Raising Biracial Children provides parents, educators, social workers, and anyone interested in multiracial issues with an accessible framework for understanding healthy mixed-race identity development and to translate those findings into practical care-giving strategies.


Marriage Vows and Racial Choices

Marriage Vows and Racial Choices
Author: Jessica Vasquez-Tokos
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Total Pages: 389
Release: 2017-02-14
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1610448634

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Choosing whom to marry involves more than emotion, as racial politics, cultural mores, and local demographics all shape romantic choices. In Marriage Vows and Racial Choices, sociologist Jessica Vasquez-Tokos explores the decisions of Latinos who marry either within or outside of their racial and ethnic groups. Drawing from in-depth interviews with nearly 50 couples, she examines their marital choices and how these unions influence their identities as Americans. Vasquez-Tokos finds that their experiences in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood shape their perceptions of race, which in turn influence their romantic expectations. Most Latinos marry other Latinos, but those who intermarry tend to marry whites. She finds that some Latina women who had domineering fathers assumed that most Latino men shared this trait and gravitated toward white men who differed from their fathers. Other Latina respondents who married white men fused ideas of race and class and perceived whites as higher status and considered themselves to be “marrying up.” Latinos who married non-Latino minorities—African Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans—often sought out non-white partners because they shared similar experiences of racial marginalization. Latinos who married Latinos of a different national origin expressed a desire for shared cultural commonalities with their partners, but—like those who married whites—often associated their own national-origin groups with oppressive gender roles. Vasquez-Tokos also investigates how racial and cultural identities are maintained or altered for the respondents’ children. Within Latino-white marriages, biculturalism—in contrast with Latinos adopting a white “American” identity—is likely to emerge. For instance, white women who married Latino men often embraced aspects of Latino culture and passed it along to their children. Yet, for these children, upholding Latino cultural ties depended on their proximity to other Latinos, particularly extended family members. Both location and family relationships shape how parents and children from interracial families understand themselves culturally. As interracial marriages become more common, Marriage Vows and Racial Choices shows how race, gender, and class influence our marital choices and personal lives.


Communities in Action

Communities in Action
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 583
Release: 2017-04-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309452961

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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.


The White Ally Toolkit Workbook

The White Ally Toolkit Workbook
Author: David Campt
Publisher:
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2018-12-03
Genre:
ISBN: 9781943382033

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How does a white person who aspires to be an ally against racism talk to their friends and family who are in denial about racism against people of color? The White Ally Toolkit Workbook gives people concrete guidance about how to respond a wide variety of statements that racism-denying white folks make everyday. In addition, the workbook presents a sequenced curriculum that an ally can use if they want to purposefully change someone in the circle of influence as well as reflection and self-assessment tools that will help allies see themselves more clearly. These tools help allies refine their interactions with others so they can move the needle on the large-scale racism denial among the whites about American's most pressing and long-standing problem.


Case Studies in Building Equity Through Family Advocacy in Special Education

Case Studies in Building Equity Through Family Advocacy in Special Education
Author: Lydia Ocasio-Stoutenburg
Publisher: Teachers College Press
Total Pages: 217
Release: 2021
Genre: Education
ISBN: 0807779563

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You’ve read the history and the background, now meet the families! This companion book to Meeting Families Where They Are traces the advocacy journeys of 12 caregivers across a range of racial, ethnic, social, disability, economic, and family identities. The stories reflect the unique lives, histories, and needs of each family, as well as the different approaches they employ to meet the needs of their children. Caregivers indicate when they began to advocate; describe how they continue their efforts across schools, medical offices, therapies, communities, and virtual spaces; and discuss how they adapt to changing social and health climates and educational delivery modes. They also share their collective wisdom to assist other parents who are new to the advocacy platform or are feeling discouraged with the process. This is must-reading for family members, teachers, administrators, health care personnel, and everyone invested in creating a culture of respect, love, and understanding. Book Features: Emphasizes how families have resisted the deficit-based view of their children while still utilizing systems of support.Identifies gaps and challenges across multiple systems, as well as “what’s working.”Incorporates the fields of special education and disability studies in education.Uses the framework of DisCrit to explore how disability and other social identities operate in tandem, examining concepts such as power, access, privilege, and barriers. Positions caregivers as experts in their children’s lives, illustrating how they advocate for their children, teens, and young adults. Takes a deep dive into the nuances of generational, cultural, organizational, and geographical factors that impact how caregivers advocate. Resists approaches that typically involve professionals dictating what families need, centering instead on a collaborative model that includes families and professionals.


Letter from the Birmingham Jail

Letter from the Birmingham Jail
Author: Jr. Martin Luther King
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 24
Release: 2017-07-02
Genre:
ISBN: 9781548521943

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In "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Martin Luther King Jr. explains why blacks can no longer be victims of inequality.