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Design and Optimisation of the Architecture and the Orientation of Utility-scale Photovoltaic Power Plants

Design and Optimisation of the Architecture and the Orientation of Utility-scale Photovoltaic Power Plants
Author: Eduard Foved Johe
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

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The Spanish and European photovoltaic markets are set for a revival: massive GW deployments are expected in the coming years. Large utility-scale PV will increasingly take a role as baseload power plants, displacing dirtier sources of energy. PV project developers will need to optimise their design practices so as to achieve the most cost-effective solutions possible. For all these reasons, the present work is focused on the development of utility-scale PV plants in the Spanish context. A MATLAB based programme to simulate PV plants (developed by a former MSc Thesis student) has been improved and updated with new models, databases and performance indicators. Three main new models have been added to the original code: tracking system model, self-shading model and battery model. The updated MATLAB programme has been used to simulate a 100 MWp PV plant in Seville, Spain. Several relevant topics have been studied: the selection between string and central inverters and their DC/AC ratio; the effect of including trackers; the effect of self-shading losses on land-use; and the inclusion of a battery to provide flat-output response. Central inverters are found to be still more cost-effective, but string inverters follow the pace. DC/AC inverter ratios are concluded to be a fundamental designing choice impacting both performance and cost. Tracker devices are found to be highly competitive solutions (depending on the location), but a more careful study on land-use will be required in future works. A compromise in performance have been found between self-shading losses and land-use: reducing land-use reduces considerably the energy yield, thus row spacing and module configuration are fundamental design choices. Batteries providing services to the grid will play a key role in renewable energy integration, such as the flat-output response studied. However, further battery cost reductions or government incentives are required to make these projects more profitable. The PV industry and policy regulators must work together to ensure a sustainable development of the European and Spanish utility-scale PV sectors, with PV developers enhancing and refining their design best practices.


Step-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants

Step-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants
Author: Davood Naghaviha
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 238
Release: 2022-01-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119736587

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How to design a solar power plant, from start to finish In Step-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants, a team of distinguished engineers delivers a comprehensive reference on PV power plants—and their design—for specialists, experts, and academics. Written in three parts, the book covers the detailed theoretical knowledge required to properly design a PV power plant. It goes on to explore the step-by-step requirements for creating a real-world PV power plant, including parts and components design, mathematical formulations and calculations, analyses, evaluations, and planning. The book concludes with a discussion of a sample solar plant design, as well as tips on how to avoid common design mistakes, and how to handle the operation and maintenance of PV power plants. Step-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants also includes: Thorough introductions to the basic requirements of design, economic analyses, and investment revenue Comprehensive explorations of the requirements for feasibility study and grid connection study Introducing solar resource, and determining optimum tilt angle and module inter-row spacing Presenting methodology for design of large-scale PV plant, requirements of engineering document, and optimal design algorithm In-depth examinations for selecting PV module, inverter, string, and DC side equipment Practical discussions of system losses, as well as estimation of yearly electrical energy production, capacity factor, and performance ratio of large-scale PV plant Perfect for professionals in the solar power industry, Step-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants will also earn a place in the libraries of equipment manufacturers and university professors seeking a one-stop resource for the design of PV power plants.


Solar Photovoltaic Design for Residential, Commercial and Utility Systems

Solar Photovoltaic Design for Residential, Commercial and Utility Systems
Author: Steven Magee
Publisher: Steven Magee
Total Pages: 94
Release: 2010-02-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1450578152

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This second edition book details how to design reliable solar photovoltaic power generation systems from a residential system, progressing to a commercial system, and finishing at the largest utility power generation systems. By following the guidelines in this book and your local solar photovoltaic electrical codes, you will be able to design solar power systems that give many years of reliable operation. When designed well, solar photovoltaic power generation is an excellent source of electrical power that results in much lower electricity bills, the power company will even refund you for the excess energy generated by your system if it is large enough. Building a grid tied solar power system is a relatively easy task. Given the large amount of government and electrical utility financial incentives that are available, it is a great time to join in the solar power revolution that is taking place in the world today. This book is also incorporated into "Complete Solar Photovoltaics for Residential, Commercial, and Utility Systems".


Solar Farms

Solar Farms
Author: Susan Neill
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2017-02-24
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1317308743

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The market and policy impetus to install increasingly utility-scale solar systems, or solar farms (sometimes known as solar parks or ranches), has seen products and applications develop ahead of the collective industry knowledge and experience. Recently however, the market has matured and investment opportunites for utility-scale solar farms or parks as part of renewable energy policies have made the sector more attractive. This book brings together the latest technical, practical and financial information available to provide an essential guide to solar farms, from design and planning to installation and maintenance. The book builds on the challenges and lessons learned from existing solar farms, that have been developed across the world, including in Europe, the USA, Australia, China and India. Topics covered include system design, system layout, international installation standards, operation and maintenance, grid penetration, planning applications, and skills required for installation, operation and maintenance. Highly illustrated in full colour, the book provides an essential practical guide for all industry professionals involved in or contemplating utility-scale, grid-connected solar systems.


Designing with Solar Power

Designing with Solar Power
Author: Deo Prasad
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 677
Release: 2014-04-23
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 1134032579

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Designing with Solar Power is the result of international collaborative research and development work carried out within the framework of the International Energy Agency's Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) and performed within its Task 7 on 'Photovoltaic power systems in the built environment'. Each chapter of this precisely detailed and informative book has been prepared by an international expert in a specific area related to the development, use and application of building-integrated photovoltaics (BiPV). Chapters not only cover the basics of solar power and electrical concepts, but also investigate the ways in which photovoltaics can be integrated into the design and creation of buildings equipped for the demands of the 21st century. The potential for BiPV, in both buildings and other structures, is explored together with broader issues such as market deployment, and international marketing and government strategies. In addition, more than 20 contemporary international case studies describe in detail how building-integrated photovoltaics have been applied to new and existing buildings, and discuss the architectural and technical quality, and the success of various strategies. Packed with photographs and illustrations, this book is an invaluable companion for architects, builders, designers, engineers, students and all involved with the exciting possibilities of building-integrated photovoltaics.


Co-simulation and Optimization of PV System Design at the Urban Scale

Co-simulation and Optimization of PV System Design at the Urban Scale
Author: Yumna Imad Kurdi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN:

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Buildings consume around 70% of all domestic electricity, which is mostly generated by fossil fuel combustion in electric utility power plants. Thus, buildings have major contributions to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) system is a promising and effective energy generation resource that can provide clean on-site electricity that covers part of buildings' demand and reduce their environmental impact. This fact, besides the decreasing prices, market availability, supportive policies, and technological improvements of PV systems contribute to the increased interest in PV systems implementation. The high penetration of distributed solar PV in the power systems can however create grid insufficiencies and results in curtailing the surplus solar energy due to the mismatch in between the solar PV production and the electricity demand over the grid. Design optimization is identified as a proper approach to improve PV systems' techno-economic feasibility and tackle the challenges of exchanging electricity with the grid. Researchers typically use performance analysis tools to support the design decisions of PV systems on urban scales. However, performance simulation tools are mostly used for analysis only, providing feedback to confirm the system performance rather than influencing the system design to respond to the intended performance goals. Hence, it is essential to use the simulation for synthesis and generation instead of analytical simulation in designing PV systems. Employing evolutionary algorithms (AEs) seems to be a great way to solve multi-objective optimization problems that aim to design PV systems in accordance with the electricity demand and peak times of neighborhoods. This study proposes a novel design decision-making framework to develop, evaluate, and interact with the design of the PV system equipped with Building Energy Storage System (BESS) at the neighborhood scale The design objectives of this study include (1) increasing the self-consumption (SC), (2) decreasing the payback period (PB), (3) maintaining higher self-sufficiency (SS) of the PV system, and (4) reducing the root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of the net load variance over the grid. This research aims to increase the correlation between the PV system's electricity production and the aggregate electricity demand of buildings in neighborhoods. This is done by optimizing (1) the range of orientation of the PV panels and (2) the number of panels on each orientation as well as (3) the number of the BESS. The design decision-making framework is guided by the optimization of multiple scenarios, and it is tested at a neighborhood located in Los Angeles, California. The proposed framework optimizes the PV and BESS system to improve various objectives. The results show the variation in the performance of the PV and BESS systems in the different optima design solutions. This indicates the importance of using such framework to evaluate the design of PV and BESS system at the neighborhood scale. Also, each of the optimization objectives affected the variation of the optimal PV orientations, the number of panels on each orientation, and the number of BESS differently. This shows that based on the goal of PV system deployment, the Final recommendation for planning the energy systems at the urban scale might be different.


An Introduction to Design Criteria for Utility Scale Photovoltaic and Wind Electric Energy Systems

An Introduction to Design Criteria for Utility Scale Photovoltaic and Wind Electric Energy Systems
Author: J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A.
Publisher: Guyer Partners
Total Pages: 32
Release: 2022-09-26
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN:

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Introductory technical guidance for professional engineers interested in solar and wind energy generated electrical power. Here is what is discussed: 1. DESIGN CRITERIA - PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEMS, 2. DESIGN CRITERIA – WIND SYSTEMS, 3. WIND PROJECT DESIGN PLANNING CHECKLIST.


Intelligent Design using Solar-Climatic Vision

Intelligent Design using Solar-Climatic Vision
Author: Samimi, Mojtaba
Publisher: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
Total Pages: 206
Release: 2014-07-22
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 3798326754

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Thanks to the availability of energy, materials and technologies, the level of comfort in buildings is increasing around the world. However, today we are also facing buildings and cities that are responsible for a high percentage of global energy consumption. Pollution, heat island effect, climate change and global warming are just a few of the challenges that the human race, as well as other living matter on earth, will have to deal with in future. Moreover, as time goes by, we may not necessarily live in healthier conditions with better life styles. Within a limited period, this global and complex situation will need thorough, integrated and local surgery. This book is designed to draw greater attention to the sun and how a solar-climatic vision can influence and improve architectural design and urban planning. It may not have been discovered yet how small our planet is and how big the effect of a simple decision can be, but it is nevertheless important to be reminded of the sun not only as a powerful and perpetual actor in our dynamic atmosphere but also as a basis for figuring out a variety of adaptive solutions that must be identified and followed. In addition to the changes made by architects, clients and builders as well as planners, municipalities and all other persons who make decisions on plans, the role of those who live inside buildings and cities, not as users, but as producers and maintainers, also bear a certain degree of responsibility. Therefore, the optimization of new constructions, the modification of existing buildings and urban fabric should be considered on a global scale in regard to the sun as well as our future needs. The aim should be to improve energy-efficiency, health, comfort and safety in all living spaces, whether indoors or outdoors. In this respect, the analysis of the current situation, forecasting future scenarios and the development of intelligent alternatives are fundamental steps. In terms of energy efficiency, daylight provision and internal comfort, the use of advanced building materials and technologies as well as simulation tools can improve the building envelope and its performance. However, it is important to understand when, where and how they should best be applied to achieve an intelligent form as well as a responsive layout with a high level of performance for other essential aspects, too (e.g. structure, view, operation). Although today many consider “solar architecture” the attaching of solar thermal collectors and PVs to building roofs and facades, this is only one of the complex tasks which should be integrated in the design. In fact, solar architecture incorporates all the complexities of architecture on different scales. Besides, it has to respond accurately to certain issues resulting from the currently low price of other energy sources in many locations. In addition to the reduction of payments, other valuable improvements associated with solar-climatic considerations in the design should be clarified and compared. During the design process, an optimization (i.e. re-arrangement, re-orientation, re-sizing) of different elements, namely solar surfaces (i.e. transparent/opaque surfaces, shading/reflecting devices, collectors), building volumes and trees, does not necessarily increase the construction costs but can help identify deficient or over-designed elements. Alongside improving the energy efficiency aspects of individual buildings, a solar-climatic vision in planning can lead to other qualities for the benefit of small and large-scale living spaces, whether indoors or outdoors. Around the world, we must be prepared for more shocking news and annual records if many continue to build buildings, whether cheap or expensive, with little attention to the sun. In neighborhoods on an urban scale, the insufficient analysis and inaccurate decisions regarding building volumes and orientation can affect the potentials and performance of both internal and external spaces in terms of energy production, energy demand, daylight, health, comfort and safety for long periods of time. This book includes a decade of SOLARCHVISION practices on how architectural design and urban planning can be adapted by the constant path and variable effects of the sun in each location. Sharing such a vision can help architects, urban planners and clients to make more accurate decisions concerning energy and climate-related matters. After presenting fundamental diagrams in different cities around the world (e.g. the sun paths, solar radiation and temperature models), the role of an intelligent design for the building skin is described and analyzed in terms of finding a good relation between outside and inside as well as the direct and indirect collection of solar energy on different building surfaces. This research can bring about new appearances and structures for the creation of smart buildings and responsive cities. Aufgrund der Verfügbarkeit von Energie, Materialien und Technologien erhöht sich der Wohnkomfort in Gebäuden weltweit. Jedoch stehen wir auch vor dem Problem, dass Gebäude und Städte für einen hohen Anteil des weltweiten Energieverbrauchs verantwortlich sind. Umweltverschmutzung, Wärmeinseleffekte, Klimawandel und globale Erwärmung sind nur einige der vielen Herausforderungen, mit denen die menschliche Rasse, ebenso sowie alles weitere Leben auf der Erde, in Zukunft umgehen muss. In absehbarer Zeit wird diese komplexe globale Situation gründliche, ganzheitliche und örtliche Eingriffe erfordern. Dieses Buch richtet die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Sonne und dadurch auch darauf, wie ein solarklimatisches Konzept die Architektur und Stadtplanung beeinflussen und verbessern kann. Es ist vielleicht noch nicht entdeckt worden wie klein unser Planet doch eigentlich ist und wie groß der Einfluss einer einfachen Entscheidung sein kann, aber vor allem ist es wichtig, dass die Sonne eine wichtige und immer währende Rolle in unserer dynamischen Atmosphäre spielt und dies als Grundlage bei der Suche von Lösungsansätzen erkannt und angewandt wird. Neben Architekten, Kunden und Bauherren sowie Planern, Kommunen und allen anderen Personen die Entscheidungen über die Planung treffen, spielen die in den Gebäuden und Städten Lebenden auch eine Rolle, nicht als Nutzer, sondern als Erzeuger und Betreuer, und auch sie haben eine gewisse Verantwortung. Daher sollten alle Optimierungen neuer Bauten, Modifikationen von Bestandsgebäuden und Stadtstrukturen auf globaler Ebene Bezug auf die Sonne und auf zukünftige Bedürfnisse nehmen. Das Ziel sollte es sein, die Energieeffizienz, Gesundheit, Komfort und Sicherheit in allen Lebensräumen, ob drinnen oder draußen, zu verbessern. In dieser Hinsicht sind die Analyse der aktuellen Situation, die Prognose zukünftiger Szenarien und die Entwicklung intelligenter Alternativen grundlegende Schritte. Der Einsatz von modernen Baustoffen und Technologien sowie Simulationswerkzeugen kann die Energieeffizienz und Leistungsfähigkeit eines Gebäudes verbessern. Es ist jedoch wichtig zu verstehen wann, wo und wie sie am besten in der architektonischen Gestaltung angewendet werden können, um ein ansprechendes Layout mit einer hohen Leistung für eine Vielzahl von architektonischen Aspekten zu erreichen und in Bezug auf Energieeffizienz, Tageslichtversorgung und internen Komfort ein optimales Ergebnis zu erzielen. Obwohl heute viele schon das Anbringen von Solar-Kollektoren und PV-Modulen auf Gebäudedächern und Fassaden als "Solararchitektur" betrachten, ist dies nur eine der komplexen Aufgaben in diesem Feld der Architektur. Tatsächlich beinhaltet die Solararchitektur die gesamte Komplexität der Architektur auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Außerdem hat sie sehr genau auf bestimmte Sachverhalte zu reagieren, welche aus den vielerorts aktuell geringen Energiekosten anderer Energiequellen resultieren. Neben der Reduzierung von Baukosten sollten andere wertvolle Verbesserungen, resultierend aus solar klimatischen Überlegungen, im Entwurf hervorgehoben und verglichen werden. In der Tat kann eine Optimierung verschiedener Elemente während des Design-Prozesses, wie z.B. Solarflächen, Baukörpern und Bäumen, nicht notwendigerweise die Baukosten steigern, jedoch dabei helfen unnütze oder überdimensionierte Elemente zu identifizieren. Neben der Verbesserung der Energieeffizienzaspekte einzelner Gebäude kann eine zuverlässige integrierte solarklimatische Planung zu weiteren Qualitäten der Lebensräume führen. Überall auf der Welt müssen wir uns auf mehr und mehr schockierende Nachrichten und jährliche Rekordwerte vorbereiten, wenn weiterhin viele Gebäude mit wenig Aufmerksamkeit auf die Sonne gebaut werden. In Stadtteilen auf urbaner Städteebene kann die unzureichende Analyse und unklare Entscheidungen über Baukörper und Orientierung die Potenziale und Leistung interner und externer Räume im Bezug auf Energieproduktion, Energiebedarf, Tageslicht, Gesundheit, Komfort und Sicherheit auf lange Zeit beeinflussen. Dieses Buch enthält ein Jahrzehnt SOLARCHVISION Praktiken darüber, wie die Architektur und Stadtplanung mit dem konstanten Weg und den variablen Auswirkungen der Sonne an jedem Standort angepasst werden kann. Das Teilen dieser Vision kann Architekten, Stadtplanern und Kunden helfen, zielgenauere Entscheidungen über energie- und klimarelevante Fragen zu treffen. Nach der Vorstellung grundlegender Diagramme zu verschiedenen Städten auf der ganzen Welt (z.B. die Sonnenwege, Sonneneinstrahlung und Temperaturmodelle), wird die Rolle eines intelligenten Designs für die Gebäudehülle beschrieben und analysiert im Hinblick auf die Suche nach einer guten Verbindung zwischen Außen und Innen, sowie die direkte und indirekte Nutzung von Sonnenenergie auf verschiedenen Gebäudeflächen. Diese Untersuchungen können neue Ansichten und Strukturen für die Erbauung intelligenter Gebäude und anpassungsfähiger Städte hervorbringen.


Future of solar photovoltaic

Future of solar photovoltaic
Author: International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA
Publisher: International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
Total Pages: 145
Release: 2019-11-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9292601989

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This study presents options to fully unlock the world’s vast solar PV potential over the period until 2050. It builds on IRENA’s global roadmap to scale up renewables and meet climate goals.