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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 166 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Abdelnaser O. Rashwan |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 190 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Wireless communication systems |
| ISBN | : |
Security and video quality arc progressively significant attributes for wireless multimedia sensor networks. Most of existing research considers security and video quality separately. However, it is crucial to integrate security and video quality together for video transmission because delivering video data across a secure path does not often meet video quality requirements in many traditional approaches. Applying the general concept of secret sharing algorithm on a data packet and delivering it through disjoint multipaths can be considered to deliver the data securely. However, using the general concept of secret sharing is not efficient when large size video data is routed. To tackle these issues, In the first part of the dissertation we propose a novel security and quality aware routing protocol (SQAR) to address these two issues concurrently. We jointly consider security and video quality in wireless multimedia networks by proposing a video distortion model based on a new secret image sharing scheme. In SQAR, a secret image sharing is only applied on the intra-frames (I-Frame) of the video codec H.264 and can significantly reduce the transmission overheads. Simulation results show that SQAR scheme can achieve better trade-off between the security and quality over the traditional routing protocols. In the second part of the dissertation, we investigate joint performance optimization on network lifetime and video distortion for wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN). To achieve a proper tradeoff between minimum video distortion and maximum network lifetime, a multi-objective cross-layer optimization framework is proposed, which not only accomplishes optimal network lifetime but also achieves optimal video quality, where the source encoding rate and link rate are jointly examined, formulating a weighted convex optimization problem. In the context of security, a secret scheme that couples secret sharing and multipath routing is developed to provide reliable security. Additionally, a video distortion model, including source rate and link rate is specially proposed. Lastly decentralized algorithm are implemented using subgradient method to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Experimental results test the optimal tradeoff performance. We illustrate that the proposed scheme can accomplish a much greater network lifetime and much less video distortion compared to existing distributed algorithms.
| Author | : Mahdi Asefi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 167 |
| Release | : 2011 |
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| ISBN | : |
The emerging vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) offer a variety of applications and new potential markets related to safety, convenience and entertainment, however, they suffer from a number of challenges not shared so deeply by other types of existing networks, particularly, in terms of mobility of nodes, and end-to-end quality of service (QoS) provision. Although several existing works in the literature have attempted to provide efficient protocols at different layers targeted mostly for safety applications, there remain many barriers to be overcome in order to constrain the widespread use of such networks for non-safety applications, specifically, for video streaming: 1) impact of high speed mobility of nodes on end-to-end QoS provision; 2) cross-layer protocol design while keeping low computational complexity; 3) considering customer-oriented QoS metrics in the design of protocols; and 4) maintaining seamless single-hop and multi-hop connection between the destination vehicle and the road side unit (RSU) while network is moving. This thesis addresses each of the above limitations in design of cross-layer protocols for video streaming application. 1) An adaptive MAC retransmission limit selection scheme is proposed to improve the performance of IEEE 802.11p standard MAC protocol for video streaming applications over VANETs. A multi-objective optimization framework, which jointly minimizes the probability of playback freezes and start-up delay of the streamed video at the destination vehicle by tuning the MAC retransmission limit with respect to channel statistics as well as packet transmission rate, is applied at road side unit (RSU). Two-hop transmission is applied in zones in which the destination vehicle is not within the transmission range of any RSU. In the multi-hop scenario, we discuss the computation of access probability used in the MAC adaptation scheme and propose a cross-layer path selection scheme; 2) We take advantage of similarity between multi-hop urban VANETs in dense traffic conditions and mesh connected networks. First, we investigate an application-centric routing scheme for video streaming over mesh connected overlays. Next, we introduce the challenges of urban VANETs compared to mesh networks and extend the proposed scheme in mesh network into a protocol for urban VANETs. A classfication-based method is proposed to select an optimal path for video streaming over multi-hop mesh networks. The novelty is to translate the path selection over multi-hop networks to a standard classification problem. The classification is based on minimizing average video packet distortion at the receiving nodes. The classifiers are trained offline using a vast collection of video sequences and wireless channel conditions in order to yield optimal performance during real time path selection. Our method substantially reduces the complexity of conventional exhaustive optimization methods and results in high quality (low distortion). Next, we propose an application-centric routing scheme for real-time video transmission over urban multi-hop vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) scenarios. Queuing based mobility model, spatial traffic distribution and prob- ability of connectivity for sparse and dense VANET scenarios are taken into consideration in designing the routing protocol. Numerical results demonstrate the gain achieved by the proposed routing scheme versus geographic greedy forwarding in terms of video frame distortion and streaming start-up delay in several urban communication scenarios for various vehicle entrance rate and traffic densities; and 3) finally, the proposed quality-driven routing scheme for delivering video streams is combined with a novel IP management scheme. The routing scheme aims to optimize the visual quality of the transmitted video frames by minimizing the distortion, the start-up delay, and the frequency of the streaming freezes. As the destination vehicle is in motion, it is unrealistic to assume that the vehicle will remain connected to the same access router (AR) for the whole trip. Mobile IP management schemes can beneffit from the proposed multi-hop routing protocol in order to adapt proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) for multi-hop VANET for video streaming applications. The proposed cross-layer protocols can significantly improve the video streaming quality in terms of the number of streaming freezes and start-up delay over VANETs while achieving low computational complexity by using pattern classification methods for optimization.
| Author | : Abdelhamid Mellouk |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 180 |
| Release | : 2013-11-25 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1848215630 |
Based on a convergence of network technologies, the Next Generation Network (NGN) is being deployed to carry high quality video and voice data. In fact, the convergence of network technologies has been driven by the converging needs of end-users. The perceived end-to-end quality is one of the main goals required by users that must be guaranteed by the network operators and the Internet Service Providers, through manufacturer equipment. This is referred to as the notion of Quality of Experience (QoE) and is becoming commonly used to represent user perception. The QoE is not a technical metric, but rather a concept consisting of all elements of a user's perception of the network services. The authors of this book focus on the idea of how to integrate the QoE into a control-command chain in order to construct an adaptive network system. More precisely, in the context of Content-Oriented Networks used to redesign the current Internet architecture to accommodate content-oriented applications and services, they aim to describe an end-to-end QoE model applied to a Content Distribution Network architecture. About the Authors Abdelhamid Mellouk is Full Professor at University of Paris-Est C-VdM (UPEC), Networks & Telecommunications (N&T) Department and LiSSi Laboratory, France. Head of several executive national and international positions, he was the founder of the Network Control Research activity at UPEC with extensive international academic and industrial collaborations. His general area of research is in adaptive real-time control for high-speed new generation dynamic wired/wireless networks in order to maintain acceptable Quality of Service/Experience for added-value services. He is an active member of the IEEE Communications Society and has held several offices including leadership positions in IEEE Communications Society Technical Committees. Said Hoceini is Associate Professor at University of Paris-Est C-VdM (UPEC), Networks & Telecommunications (N&T) Department and LiSSi Laboratory, France. His research focuses on routing algorithms, quality of service, quality of experience, and wireless sensor networks, as well as bio-inspired artificial intelligence approaches. His work has been published in several international conferences and journals and he serves on several TPCs. Hai Anh Tran is Associate Professor at the Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), Vietnam. His research focuses on QoE aspects, QoS adaptive control/command mechanisms, wired routing, as well as bio-inspired artificial intelligence approaches.
| Author | : Ramesh Karri |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 215 |
| Release | : 2007-05-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0306477203 |
This book focuses on emerging issues in power-aware portable multimedia communications devices beyond low-power electronic design. It compiles system-level power management approaches, from theoretical and simulation studies to experimental test beds related to low power computing, mobile communication and networking.
| Author | : Amin Nazih Abdel Khalek |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 440 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Bandwidth-intensive video streaming applications occupy an overwhelming fraction of bandwidth-limited wireless network traffic. Compressed video data are highly structured and the psycho-visual perception of distortions and losses closely depends on that structure. This dissertation exploits the inherent video data structure to develop perceptually-optimized transmission paradigms at different protocol layers that improve video quality of experience, introduce error resilience, and enable supporting more video users. First, we consider the problem of network-wide perceptual quality optimization whereby different video users with (possibly different) real-time delay constraints are sharing wireless channel resources. Due to the inherently stochastic nature of wireless fading channels, we provide statistical delay guarantees using the theory of effective capacity. We derive the resource allocation policy that maximizes the sum video quality and show that the optimal operating point per user is such that the rate-distortion slope is the inverse of the supported video source rate per unit bandwidth, termed source spectral efficiency. We further propose a scheduling policy that maximizes the number of scheduled users that meet their QoS requirement. Next, we develop user-level perceptual quality optimization techniques for non-scalable video streams. For non-scalable videos, we estimate packet loss visibility through a generalized linear model and use for prioritized packet delivery. We solve the problem of mapping video packets to MIMO subchannels and adapting per-stream rates to maximize the total perceptual value of successfully delivered packets per unit time. We show that the solution enables jointly reaping gains in terms of improved video quality and lower latency. Optimized packet-stream mapping enables transmission of more relevant packets over more reliable streams while unequal modulation opportunistically increases the transmission rate on the stronger streams to enable low latency delivery of high priority packets. Finally, we develop user-level perceptual quality optimization techniques for scalable video streams. We propose online learning of the mapping between packet losses and quality degradation using nonparametric regression. This quality-loss mapping is subsequently used to provide unequal error protection for different video layers with perceptual quality guarantees. Channel-aware scalable codec adaptation and buffer management policies simultaneously ensure continuous high-quality playback. Across the various contributions, analytic results as well as video transmission simulations demonstrate the value of perceptual optimization in improving video quality and capacity.
| Author | : Markus Rupp |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 424 |
| Release | : 2009-06-17 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9780470747766 |
This excellent reference provides detailed analysis and optimization aspects of live 3G mobile communication networks Video and Multimedia Transmissions over Cellular Networks describes the state-of-the-art in the transmission of multimedia over cellular networks, evaluates the performance of the running system based on the measurements and monitoring of live networks, and finally presents concepts and methods for improving of the quality in such systems. Key Features: Addresses the transmission of different media over cellular networks, with a focus on evolving UMTS transmission systems Provides in-depth coverage of UMTS network architecture, and an overview of 3GPP video services Describes the characteristics of the link layer errors in the UMTS Terrestrial radio Access Network (UTRAN), obtained by extensive measurements in live UMTS networks Covers video encoding and decoding, introducing H.264/AVC video codec, as well as addressing various novel concepts for increased error resilience Discusses the real-time capable algorithms that are suitable for implementation in power and size limited terminals Presents the methods for monitoring quality, as well as analyzing and modelling traffic evolution in the cellular mobile network This book provides a valuable reference for researchers and students working in the field of multimedia transmission over wireless networks. Industry experts and professionals working within the field will also find this book of interest.
| Author | : Jounsup Park |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 74 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Multimedia data traffic occupies more than 70% of the internet traffic and it increases even more. In addition to this, Virtual Reality (VR) data traffic is increasing very fast. To provide the good quality of the multimedia service, huge amount of resource is needed because users’ service experience usually proportional to the video rates they can receive. Moreover, the variation of the bandwidth also affects to the users’ experience. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the wireless transmission scheme that has high spectral efficiency and the video rate adaptation to provide the best quality to the users. Multicast system is one of the technologies that can improve the spectral efficiency, and DASH is one of the most popular video rate adaptation platforms. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a fast growing video streaming platform, which enables adaptive rate selection based on channel conditions. File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) further enables multicasting of the DASH segments over LTE eMBMS systems. In this paper, an optimal DASH-multicasting solution is proposed to allow more DASH clients in an LTE network to receive better videos by optimizing the resource allocation, application-layer Forward Error Correction (FEC) code rate and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) selection of each multicasting group, which corresponds to a FLUTE session. Multiple FLUTE sessions are considered to deliver multiple videos, each with different video rates, for enhancing the overall utility. We have applied the convex optimization method to find the optimal resource allocation in terms of utility for multiple FLUTE sessions. We also find the optimal FEC code rates to add redundancies to protect the video segments for each FLUTE session. Moreover, an efficient MCS selection is introduced to reduce the complexity of the algorithm. Simulation results, with realistic LTE parameters, are shown to prove the proposed scheme is optimal, with more DASH clients receiving better video representations within limited resources when compared to other existing algorithms. 360-degree videos for Virtual Reality (VR) applications are getting more popular because of their diverse applications. However, VR videos usually need more bandwidth than conventional videos to provide the same quality of experience (QoE). Tiled videos can help save bandwidth by selecting lower quality encoding for the tiles with lower probability of viewing. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) enables the adaptive rate selection of tiles based on the channel conditions. Multicasting also can help save bandwidth, since many users share the spectrum when they request the same video contents. In this paper, we formulate the utility maximization problem to find which tiles should have which video representations to satisfy the most users in multicasting groups using limited resources. A cross-layer optimization framework, which includes user grouping, resource allocation, and the tile-based rate-selection algorithms, is proposed to maximize the total utility among all users. Saliency information extracted from the videos is used to find the tiles which most users may be interested in. Simulation results show that the proposed cross-layer optimization framework can achieve a higher utility than the broadcasting solution or existing multicast solutions.
| Author | : Xiang Chen |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 89 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Mobile data traffic has been exponentially increasing during the past years. With the prevalence of video-enabled mobile devices such as smart phones, more than half of the total mobile data traffics are attributed to mobile video traffics. Since wireless resource is limited and video-related applications are bandwidth-consuming, efficiently transmitting videos over wireless networks while providing higher perceptual qualities at the end users become the everlasting endeavors of the service providers. The rapid increasing demands of wireless video streaming services have boosted the developments of video delivery technologies. In the application (APP) layer, more efficient video source coding technologies are designed so that videos with higher qualities can be delivered with less bandwidth consumptions. Among the existing video coding technologies, the scalable video coding (SVC) provides a capability of adapting to various needs or preferences of end users as well as to varying terminal capabilities or network conditions, which makes it an attractive candidate for wireless video streaming applications. In the medium access control (MAC) layer, resource allocation techniques, including rate adaptations and channel selections, are optimized for better wireless resource usages. In the physical (PHY) layer, advanced data transmission schemes such as multi-input multi-output (MIMO) are developed for higher spectral efficiency. To better utilize the advantages of different technologies in different layers, cross-layer design driven by optimizing the end users’ perceptral quality is highly required. In this dissertation, methods of quality-driven cross-layer design of video transmissions over MIMO systems are discussed. First, a near optimal transmit power allocation scheme for delivering SVC-based videos over MIMO systems is discussed. According to the channel state information (CSI) feedbacks, the power of each transmit antennas is adaptively optimized subject to an overall power limit. Therefore, the SVC bit streams with different priorities are transmitted with unequal error protections (UEPs) so that the quality of experience (QoE) at the end user is maximized. Both transmission errors in the PHY layer and video source coding characteristics in the APP layer are jointly considered in this scheme. A near optimal solution is achieved by decomposing the original optimization problem into several convex optimization sub-problems. Detailed algorithms with different complexities and their corresponding theoretical reasonings are provided. The near optimality of the proposed scheme, in terms of measured utilities, is shown by comparing with the exhaustive searched optimal solutions. Simulations with real H.264 SVC video traces demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by comparing with other existing schemes in terms of well-accepted video quality assessment methods, such as the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity (SSIM) index. Second, a joint rate and power adaptation scheme for SVC-based video transmissions over MIMO systems is discussed. The ultimate goal of this scheme is to maximize the decoding quality at the receiver side. The rate adaptation includes selecting the best modulation and coding schemes (MCSs), set of spatial channels, number of SVC layers (source coding rates) and their corresponding application layer forward error correction (APP-FEC) coding rates. The power adaptation involves the proper allocation of the power to each antenna in the MIMO system. In most of the existing studies, the bit stream of each particular SVC layer is allocated to one spatial channel and the UEP is achieved by transmitting the more important SVC layers through the spatial channels with higher channel gains. However, in the proposed scheme, the bit stream of each particular SVC layer is distributed to multiple spatial channels so that additional diversity gain can be exploited by applying APP-FEC. The UEP can also be achieved with different APP-FEC coding rate on each video layer. Moreover, transmit power allocation is also effectively and jointly determined to improve the system performance. The effectiveness and favorable performance of the proposed scheme are shown by simulations with H.264 SVC traces of high definition (HD) video clips over MIMO systems.
| Author | : Ana I. Perez-Neira |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 188 |
| Release | : 2010-07-28 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080920888 |
Cross-Layer Resource Allocation in Wireless Communications offers practical techniques and models for the design and optimisation of cross-layer resource allocation – one of the hottest topics in wireless communications. Resource allocation in wireless networks is traditionally approached either through information theory or communications networks. To break down the barriers between these distinct approaches, this book bridges the physical and network layers by providing cross-layer resource allocation techniques, models, and methodologies. Its unique approach allows optimisation of network resources and will enable engineers to improve signal quality, enhance network and spectrum utilization, increase throughput, and solve the problem of shadowing. Topics covered include different views of spectral efficiency, the role of spatial diversity, of delay in resource allocation, and possible extensions to OFDMA systems. This will be an ideal reference on cross-layer resource allocation between the PHY and MAC layers for R&D and network design engineers and researchers in universities dealing with sensor networks and cognitive systems. Gives a full description of the characteristics of the PHY layer that promote efficient resource allocation strategies Gives special emphasis on cross-layer design for spatial diversity schemes Provides a framework for interaction between the PHY and MAC layers, their parameters of performance and their relationship Presents resource allocation as a cross-layer design based on an optimization of MAC layer parameters with an accurate model of the PHY layer
